pyqt5安装及基础使用教程

1.pyqt5工具安装

（1）使用pip工具安装PyQt5工具。执行pip install PyQt5

（2）安装Qt Designer图形界面开发工具。执行pip install PyQt5-tools

安装完成后所在路径

C:\Users\用户\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38\Lib\site-packages

（3）环境变量配置，将PyQt5-tools的安装目录下qt/bin所在目录添加到系统环境变量path，就可以使用cmd启动designer

如果出现启动失败，将pyqt5_tools里面qt/plugins/platforms目录粘贴至与qt/bin/desinger.exe文件同级就解决了

（4）IDE配置，我目前用vscode，安装插件PYQT Integration

首选项–>设置–>搜索pyqt，最后一项填写designer路径

系统会自动配置pyuic，该工具是用于将Qt Designer工具开发完成的.ui文件转化为.py文件。
（5）pycharm配置
file–>setting–>tools–>external tools添加
①qt designer

Name：可自己定义
program：Qt Designer的安装路径
parameter：不填
directory： $FileDir$

②PyUIC

Name：可自己定义
program：pyuic的安装路径
parameter：$FileName$ -o $FileNameWithoutExtension$.py
directory： $FileDir$

2.简单的login例子

①创建新的ui

②选择textlabel，pushbutton，textbrowser构成如图所示

③双击可修改对应名称

④同时将右侧对应的from属性修改

⑤保存成为login.ui文件，右键此文件，选择compile生成对应的py文件

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-# Form implementation generated from reading ui file 'login.ui'
#
# Created by: PyQt5 UI code generator 5.14.2
#
# WARNING! All changes made in this file will be lost!from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgetsclass Ui_Form(object):def setupUi(self, Form):Form.setObjectName("Form")Form.resize(542, 311)Form.setMaximumSize(QtCore.QSize(699, 499))self.user_lable = QtWidgets.QLabel(Form)self.user_lable.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(40, 60, 55, 16))self.user_lable.setObjectName("user_lable")self.pwd_lable = QtWidgets.QLabel(Form)self.pwd_lable.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(40, 100, 55, 16))self.pwd_lable.setObjectName("pwd_lable")self.user_lineEdit = QtWidgets.QLineEdit(Form)self.user_lineEdit.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(130, 60, 113, 22))self.user_lineEdit.setObjectName("user_lineEdit")self.pwd_lineEdit = QtWidgets.QLineEdit(Form)self.pwd_lineEdit.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(130, 100, 113, 22))self.pwd_lineEdit.setObjectName("pwd_lineEdit")self.login_Button = QtWidgets.QPushButton(Form)self.login_Button.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(40, 180, 93, 28))self.login_Button.setObjectName("login_Button")self.cancel_Button = QtWidgets.QPushButton(Form)self.cancel_Button.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(170, 180, 93, 28))self.cancel_Button.setObjectName("cancel_Button")self.user_textBrowser = QtWidgets.QTextBrowser(Form)self.user_textBrowser.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(290, 61, 231, 131))self.user_textBrowser.setObjectName("user_textBrowser")self.retranslateUi(Form)QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(Form)def retranslateUi(self, Form):_translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translateForm.setWindowTitle(_translate("Form", "Form"))self.user_lable.setText(_translate("Form", "用户名"))self.pwd_lable.setText(_translate("Form", "密码"))self.login_Button.setText(_translate("Form", "登录"))self.cancel_Button.setText(_translate("Form", "退出"))

⑥逻辑实现代码，同目录下创建call_login.py文件

import sys
#PyQt5中使用的基本控件都在PyQt5.QtWidgets模块中
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QMainWindow
#导入designer工具生成的login模块
from login import Ui_Formclass MyMainForm(QMainWindow, Ui_Form):def __init__(self, parent=None):super(MyMainForm, self).__init__(parent)self.setupUi(self)#添加登录按钮信号和槽。注意display函数不加小括号()self.login_Button.clicked.connect(self.display)#添加退出按钮信号和槽。调用close函数self.cancel_Button.clicked.connect(self.close)def display(self):#利用line Edit控件对象text()函数获取界面输入username = self.user_lineEdit.text()password = self.pwd_lineEdit.text()#利用text Browser控件对象setText()函数设置界面显示self.user_textBrowser.setText("登录成功!\n" + "用户名是: "+ username+ ",密码是： "+ password)if __name__ == "__main__":#固定的，PyQt5程序都需要QApplication对象。sys.argv是命令行参数列表，确保程序可以双击运行app = QApplication(sys.argv)#初始化myWin = MyMainForm()#将窗口控件显示在屏幕上myWin.show()#程序运行，sys.exit方法确保程序完整退出。sys.exit(app.exec_())

⑦运行效果