API 网关的职能

API 网关的分类与功能

下面讲解自定义过滤器 之记录日志功能应用！

全局过滤器拦截请求打印日志：

代码：

package com.liu.learn.filter;import cn.hutool.core.util.ObjectUtil;
import com.alibaba.nacos.common.utils.StringUtils;
import com.liu.learn.utils.WebUtils;
import com.liu.learn.vo.GatewayLog;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.reactivestreams.Publisher;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GatewayFilterChain;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GlobalFilter;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.factory.rewrite.CachedBodyOutputMessage;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.route.Route;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.support.BodyInserterContext;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.support.ServerWebExchangeUtils;
import org.springframework.core.Ordered;
import org.springframework.core.io.buffer.DataBuffer;
import org.springframework.core.io.buffer.DataBufferFactory;
import org.springframework.core.io.buffer.DataBufferUtils;
import org.springframework.core.io.buffer.DefaultDataBufferFactory;
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.http.codec.HttpMessageReader;
import org.springframework.http.server.reactive.ServerHttpRequest;
import org.springframework.http.server.reactive.ServerHttpRequestDecorator;
import org.springframework.http.server.reactive.ServerHttpResponse;
import org.springframework.http.server.reactive.ServerHttpResponseDecorator;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.util.MultiValueMap;
import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.BodyInserter;
import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.BodyInserters;
import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.server.HandlerStrategies;
import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.server.ServerRequest;
import org.springframework.web.server.ServerWebExchange;
import reactor.core.publisher.Flux;
import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;/*** 日志过滤器，用于记录日志*/
@Slf4j
@Component
public class AccessLogFilter implements GlobalFilter, Ordered {//@Autowired//private AccessLogService accessLogService;public final static String ATTRIBUTE_IGNORE_LOG_GLOBAL_FILTER = "@IgnoreAccessLogGlobalFilter";private final List<HttpMessageReader<?>> messageReaders = HandlerStrategies.withDefaults().messageReaders();@Overridepublic int getOrder() {return 10;}@Override@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")public Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) {if (exchange.getAttribute(ATTRIBUTE_IGNORE_LOG_GLOBAL_FILTER) != null) {return chain.filter(exchange);}ServerHttpRequest request = exchange.getRequest();// 请求路径String requestPath = request.getPath().pathWithinApplication().value();Route route = getGatewayRoute(exchange);String ipAddress = WebUtils.getIpAddress(request);GatewayLog gatewayLog = new GatewayLog();gatewayLog.setSchema(request.getURI().getScheme());gatewayLog.setRequestMethod(request.getMethodValue());gatewayLog.setRequestPath(requestPath);gatewayLog.setTargetServer(route.getId());gatewayLog.setRequestTime(new Date());gatewayLog.setIp(ipAddress);MediaType mediaType = request.getHeaders().getContentType();if(MediaType.APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED.isCompatibleWith(mediaType) || MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON.isCompatibleWith(mediaType)){return writeBodyLog(exchange, chain, gatewayLog);}else{return writeBasicLog(exchange, chain, gatewayLog);}}private Mono<Void> writeBasicLog(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain, GatewayLog accessLog) {StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();MultiValueMap<String, String> queryParams = exchange.getRequest().getQueryParams();for (Map.Entry<String, List<String>> entry : queryParams.entrySet()) {builder.append(entry.getKey()).append("=").append(StringUtils.join(entry.getValue(), ","));}accessLog.setRequestBody(builder.toString());//获取响应体ServerHttpResponseDecorator decoratedResponse = recordResponseLog(exchange, accessLog);return chain.filter(exchange.mutate().response(decoratedResponse).build()).then(Mono.fromRunnable(() -> {// 打印日志writeAccessLog(accessLog);}));}/*** 解决 request body 只能读取一次问题，* 参考: org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.factory.rewrite.ModifyRequestBodyGatewayFilterFactory* @param exchange* @param chain* @param gatewayLog* @return*/@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")private Mono writeBodyLog(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain, GatewayLog gatewayLog) {ServerRequest serverRequest = ServerRequest.create(exchange,messageReaders);Mono<String> modifiedBody = serverRequest.bodyToMono(String.class).flatMap(body ->{gatewayLog.setRequestBody(body);return Mono.just(body);});// 通过 BodyInserter 插入 body(支持修改body), 避免 request body 只能获取一次BodyInserter bodyInserter = BodyInserters.fromPublisher(modifiedBody, String.class);HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();headers.putAll(exchange.getRequest().getHeaders());// the new content type will be computed by bodyInserter// and then set in the request decoratorheaders.remove(HttpHeaders.CONTENT_LENGTH);CachedBodyOutputMessage outputMessage = new CachedBodyOutputMessage(exchange, headers);return bodyInserter.insert(outputMessage,new BodyInserterContext()).then(Mono.defer(() -> {// 重新封装请求ServerHttpRequest decoratedRequest = requestDecorate(exchange, headers, outputMessage);// 记录响应日志ServerHttpResponseDecorator decoratedResponse = recordResponseLog(exchange, gatewayLog);// 记录普通的return chain.filter(exchange.mutate().request(decoratedRequest).response(decoratedResponse).build()).then(Mono.fromRunnable(() -> {// 打印日志writeAccessLog(gatewayLog);}));}));}/*** 打印日志* @author javadaily* @date 2021/3/24 14:53* @param gatewayLog 网关日志*/private void writeAccessLog(GatewayLog gatewayLog) {log.info(gatewayLog.toString());}private Route getGatewayRoute(ServerWebExchange exchange) {return exchange.getAttribute(ServerWebExchangeUtils.GATEWAY_ROUTE_ATTR);}/*** 请求装饰器，重新计算 headers* @param exchange* @param headers* @param outputMessage* @return*/private ServerHttpRequestDecorator requestDecorate(ServerWebExchange exchange, HttpHeaders headers,CachedBodyOutputMessage outputMessage) {return new ServerHttpRequestDecorator(exchange.getRequest()) {@Overridepublic HttpHeaders getHeaders() {long contentLength = headers.getContentLength();HttpHeaders httpHeaders = new HttpHeaders();httpHeaders.putAll(super.getHeaders());if (contentLength > 0) {httpHeaders.setContentLength(contentLength);} else {// TODO: this causes a 'HTTP/1.1 411 Length Required' // on// httpbin.orghttpHeaders.set(HttpHeaders.TRANSFER_ENCODING, "chunked");}return httpHeaders;}@Overridepublic Flux<DataBuffer> getBody() {return outputMessage.getBody();}};}/*** 记录响应日志* 通过 DataBufferFactory 解决响应体分段传输问题。*/private ServerHttpResponseDecorator recordResponseLog(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayLog gatewayLog) {ServerHttpResponse response = exchange.getResponse();DataBufferFactory bufferFactory = response.bufferFactory();return new ServerHttpResponseDecorator(response) {@Overridepublic Mono<Void> writeWith(Publisher<? extends DataBuffer> body) {if (body instanceof Flux) {Date responseTime = new Date();gatewayLog.setResponseTime(responseTime);// 计算执行时间long executeTime = (responseTime.getTime() - gatewayLog.getRequestTime().getTime());gatewayLog.setExecuteTime(executeTime);// 获取响应类型，如果是 json 就打印String originalResponseContentType = exchange.getAttribute(ServerWebExchangeUtils.ORIGINAL_RESPONSE_CONTENT_TYPE_ATTR);if (ObjectUtil.equal(this.getStatusCode(), HttpStatus.OK) && StringUtils.isNotBlank(originalResponseContentType) && originalResponseContentType.contains("application/json")) {Flux<? extends DataBuffer> fluxBody = Flux.from(body);return super.writeWith(fluxBody.buffer().map(dataBuffers -> {// 合并多个流集合，解决返回体分段传输DataBufferFactory dataBufferFactory = new DefaultDataBufferFactory();DataBuffer join = dataBufferFactory.join(dataBuffers);byte[] content = new byte[join.readableByteCount()];join.read(content);// 释放掉内存DataBufferUtils.release(join);String responseResult = new String(content, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);gatewayLog.setResponseData(responseResult);return bufferFactory.wrap(content);}));}}// if body is not a flux. never got there.return super.writeWith(body);}};}
}

yml配置

server:port: 9090spring:application:name: @artifactId@cloud:nacos:discovery:server-addr: 172.17.169.81:8848gateway:discovery:locator:enabled: true # 开启从注册中心动态创建路由的功能，利用微服务名称j进行路由routes:- id: gloabl_filter # 路由的id,没有规定规则但要求唯一,建议配合服务名#匹配后提供服务的路由地址#uri: http://localhost:8070/payment/get/31uri: lb://payment-service#uri: http://localhost:8070predicates:#- Path=/filter/** # 断言，路径相匹配的进行路由- Path=/filter/payment/get/** # 断言，路径相匹配的进行路由#- After=2021-01-20T17:42:47.789-07:00[America/Denver]#- Before=2022-01-20T17:42:47.789-07:00[America/Denver]#- Cookie=username,liu#- Header=X-Request-Id, \d+ #请求头要有X-Request-Id属性，并且值为正数#- Host=**.baidu.com#- Method=GET#- Query=username, \d+ # 要有参数名username并且值还要是正整数才能路由# 过滤filters:- StripPrefix=1#- RewritePath=/api/(?<segment>.*), /$\{segment}#- AddRequestHeader=X-Request-red, blue#- id: payment_route2# uri: http://localhost:8001# predicates:#Path=/payment/lb/** #断言,路径相匹配的进行路由

打印的日志

2021-05-20 12:35:18.018  INFO 69288 --- [ctor-http-nio-4] com.liu.learn.filter.AccessLogFilter     : GatewayLog(targetServer=gloabl_filter, requestPath=/payment/get/31, requestMethod=GET, schema=http, requestBody=, responseData=null, ip=0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1, requestTime=Thu May 20 12:35:17 CST 2021, responseTime=null, executeTime=0)

请求经过路由器就会打印日志，如何让不需要记录日志的请求跳过全局过滤器呢？

结合全局过滤器应用

先新建一个gateway过滤器

package com.liu.learn.filter;import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GatewayFilter;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GatewayFilterChain;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.factory.AbstractGatewayFilterFactory;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.server.ServerWebExchange;
import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;@Component
public class IgnoreAccessLogFilterFactor extends AbstractGatewayFilterFactory <IgnoreAccessLogFilterFactor.Config>{public IgnoreAccessLogFilterFactor() {super(Config.class);}@Overridepublic GatewayFilter apply(Config config) {return this::filter;}public Mono filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) {exchange.getAttributes().put(AccessLogFilter.ATTRIBUTE_IGNORE_LOG_GLOBAL_FILTER, true);return chain.filter(exchange);}public static class Config {}@Overridepublic String name() {return "IgnoreAccessLogFilter";}
}

关键代码：

public Mono filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) {exchange.getAttributes().put(AccessLogFilter.ATTRIBUTE_IGNORE_LOG_GLOBAL_FILTER, true);return chain.filter(exchange);
}

相当于在全局过滤器加一个标识

全局过滤器判断：

if (exchange.getAttribute(ATTRIBUTE_IGNORE_LOG_GLOBAL_FILTER) != null) {return chain.filter(exchange);
}

yml代码

server:port: 9090spring:application:name: @artifactId@cloud:nacos:discovery:server-addr: 172.17.169.81:8848gateway:discovery:locator:enabled: true # 开启从注册中心动态创建路由的功能，利用微服务名称j进行路由routes:- id: gloabl_filter # 路由的id,没有规定规则但要求唯一,建议配合服务名#匹配后提供服务的路由地址#uri: http://localhost:8070/payment/get/31uri: lb://payment-service#uri: http://localhost:8070predicates:#- Path=/filter/** # 断言，路径相匹配的进行路由- Path=/filter/payment/get/** # 断言，路径相匹配的进行路由#- After=2021-01-20T17:42:47.789-07:00[America/Denver]#- Before=2022-01-20T17:42:47.789-07:00[America/Denver]#- Cookie=username,liu#- Header=X-Request-Id, \d+ #请求头要有X-Request-Id属性，并且值为正数#- Host=**.baidu.com#- Method=GET#- Query=username, \d+ # 要有参数名username并且值还要是正整数才能路由# 过滤filters:- StripPrefix=1#- RewritePath=/api/(?<segment>.*), /$\{segment}#- AddRequestHeader=X-Request-red, blue#- id: payment_route2# uri: http://localhost:8001# predicates:#Path=/payment/lb/** #断言,路径相匹配的进行路由- id: no_filteruri: lb://payment-servicepredicates:- Path=/pay/**filters:- StripPrefix=1#- SetPath=/{test}- IgnoreAccessLogFilter

http://localhost:9090/pay/payment/get/31 这个请求依旧会打印日志

但有一个局限：

gateWay过滤器必须在全局过滤器之前执行才会有效。

修改代码：

package com.liu.learn.filter;import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GatewayFilter;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GatewayFilterChain;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.factory.AbstractGatewayFilterFactory;
import org.springframework.core.Ordered;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.server.ServerWebExchange;
import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;@Component
@Slf4j
public class IgnoreAccessLogFilterFactor extends AbstractGatewayFilterFactory <IgnoreAccessLogFilterFactor.Config>{public IgnoreAccessLogFilterFactor() {super(Config.class);}@Overridepublic GatewayFilter apply(Config config) {//config.setIgnoreGlobalFilter(true);return new InnerFilter(config);}/*public Mono filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) {log.info(">>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>局部过滤器");exchange.getAttributes().put(AccessLogFilter.ATTRIBUTE_IGNORE_LOG_GLOBAL_FILTER, true);return chain.filter(exchange);}*//*** 创建一个内部类，来实现2个接口，指定顺序* 这里通过Ordered指定优先级*/private class InnerFilter implements GatewayFilter, Ordered {private Config config;InnerFilter(Config config) {this.config = config;}@Overridepublic Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) {/*System.out.println("  pre 自定义过滤器工厂 AAAA  " + this.getClass().getSimpleName());boolean root = true == config.isIgnoreGlobalFilter();if (root) {System.out.println("  is root ");} else {System.out.println("  is no root ");}// 在then方法里的，相当于aop中的后置通知return chain.filter(exchange).then(Mono.fromRunnable(() -> {System.out.println("  post 自定义过滤器工厂 AAAA " + this.getClass().getSimpleName());}));*/log.info("进入innerFilter=====" + config.isIgnoreGlobalFilter());if (config.isIgnoreGlobalFilter() == true) {exchange.getAttributes().put(AccessLogFilter.ATTRIBUTE_IGNORE_LOG_GLOBAL_FILTER, true);}return chain.filter(exchange);}@Overridepublic int getOrder() {return -1000;}}public static class Config {boolean ignoreGlobalFilter;public boolean isIgnoreGlobalFilter() {return ignoreGlobalFilter;}public void setIgnoreGlobalFilter(boolean ignoreGlobalFilter) {this.ignoreGlobalFilter = ignoreGlobalFilter;}}@Overridepublic String name() {return "IgnoreAccessLogFilter";}
}

创建一个内部类，来实现局部过滤器的执行顺序

private class InnerFilter implements GatewayFilter, Ordered {private Config config;InnerFilter(Config config) {this.config = config;}@Overridepublic Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) {/*System.out.println("  pre 自定义过滤器工厂 AAAA  " + this.getClass().getSimpleName());boolean root = true == config.isIgnoreGlobalFilter();if (root) {System.out.println("  is root ");} else {System.out.println("  is no root ");}// 在then方法里的，相当于aop中的后置通知return chain.filter(exchange).then(Mono.fromRunnable(() -> {System.out.println("  post 自定义过滤器工厂 AAAA " + this.getClass().getSimpleName());}));*/log.info("进入innerFilter=====" + config.isIgnoreGlobalFilter());if (config.isIgnoreGlobalFilter() == true) {exchange.getAttributes().put(AccessLogFilter.ATTRIBUTE_IGNORE_LOG_GLOBAL_FILTER, true);}return chain.filter(exchange);}@Overridepublic int getOrder() {return -1000;//此数值要比跳过的过滤器顺序号要小，才会跳过}
}
@Override
public GatewayFilter apply(Config config) {//config.setIgnoreGlobalFilter(true);return new InnerFilter(config);
} 返回这个内部类过滤器

配置文件

server:port: 9090spring:application:name: @artifactId@cloud:nacos:discovery:server-addr: 172.17.169.81:8848gateway:discovery:locator:enabled: true # 开启从注册中心动态创建路由的功能，利用微服务名称j进行路由routes:- id: gloabl_filter # 路由的id,没有规定规则但要求唯一,建议配合服务名#匹配后提供服务的路由地址#uri: http://localhost:8070/payment/get/31uri: lb://payment-service#uri: http://localhost:8070predicates:#- Path=/filter/** # 断言，路径相匹配的进行路由- Path=/filter/payment/** # 断言，路径相匹配的进行路由#- After=2021-01-20T17:42:47.789-07:00[America/Denver]#- Before=2022-01-20T17:42:47.789-07:00[America/Denver]#- Cookie=username,liu#- Header=X-Request-Id, \d+ #请求头要有X-Request-Id属性，并且值为正数#- Host=**.baidu.com#- Method=GET#- Query=username, \d+ # 要有参数名username并且值还要是正整数才能路由# 过滤filters:- StripPrefix=1#- RewritePath=/api/(?<segment>.*), /$\{segment}#- AddRequestHeader=X-Request-red, blue#- id: payment_route2# uri: http://localhost:8001# predicates:#Path=/payment/lb/** #断言,路径相匹配的进行路由- id: no_filteruri: lb://payment-servicepredicates:- Path=/pay/**filters:- StripPrefix=1#- SetPath=/{test}#- IgnoreAccessLogFilter- name: IgnoreAccessLogFilter #本路由跳过全局过滤器args:ignoreGlobalFilter: true

name: IgnoreAccessLogFilter #本路由跳过全局过滤器
              args:
                ignoreGlobalFilter: true

为gateway局部过滤器指定条件参数，指定为true

if (config.isIgnoreGlobalFilter() == true) { exchange.getAttributes().put(AccessLogFilter.ATTRIBUTE_IGNORE_LOG_GLOBAL_FILTER, true); }只有指定为true才会跳过。

工具类获取ip地址ServerHttpRequest方式

package com.liu.learn.utils;import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.springframework.http.server.reactive.ServerHttpRequest;public class WebUtils {public static String getIpAddress(ServerHttpRequest request) {HttpHeaders headers = request.getHeaders();String ip = headers.getFirst("x-forwarded-for");if (ip != null && ip.length() != 0 && !"unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {// 多次反向代理后会有多个ip值，第一个ip才是真实ipif (ip.indexOf(",") != -1) {ip = ip.split(",")[0];}}if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {ip = headers.getFirst("Proxy-Client-IP");}if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {ip = headers.getFirst("WL-Proxy-Client-IP");}if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {ip = headers.getFirst("HTTP_CLIENT_IP");}if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {ip = headers.getFirst("HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR");}if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {ip = headers.getFirst("X-Real-IP");}if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {ip = request.getRemoteAddress().getAddress().getHostAddress();}return ip;}}

HttpServletRequest  方式

package com.liu.utils;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;public class WebUtils {public static String getIpAddr(HttpServletRequest request){String ipAddress = request.getHeader("x-forwarded-for");if(ipAddress == null || ipAddress.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ipAddress)) {ipAddress = request.getHeader("Proxy-Client-IP");}if(ipAddress == null || ipAddress.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ipAddress)) {ipAddress = request.getHeader("WL-Proxy-Client-IP");}if(ipAddress == null || ipAddress.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ipAddress)) {ipAddress = request.getRemoteAddr();if(ipAddress.equals("127.0.0.1") || ipAddress.equals("0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1")){//根据网卡取本机配置的IPInetAddress inet=null;try {inet = InetAddress.getLocalHost();} catch (UnknownHostException e) {e.printStackTrace();}ipAddress= inet.getHostAddress();}}//对于通过多个代理的情况，第一个IP为客户端真实IP,多个IP按照','分割if(ipAddress!=null && ipAddress.length()>15){ //"***.***.***.***".length() = 15if(ipAddress.indexOf(",")>0){ipAddress = ipAddress.substring(0,ipAddress.indexOf(","));}}return ipAddress;}
}

Spring Cloud Gateway-过滤器按照order排序

系统全局过滤器执行顺序（名称、order）

RemoveCachedBodyFilter                        HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE = Integer.MIN_VALUE

AdaptCachedBodyGlobalFilter                  HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE = Integer.MIN_VALUE

NettyWriteResponseFilter                        -1

ForwardPathFilter                                      0

GatewayMetricsFilter                                0

RouteToRequestUrlFilter                         10000

WeightCalculatorWebFilter                     10001

LoadBalancerClientFilter                        10100

WebsocketRoutingFilter                        LOWEST_PRECEDENCE -1

NettyRoutingFilter                                  LOWEST_PRECEDENCE =Integer.MAX_VALUE

ForwardRoutingFilter                             LOWEST_PRECEDENCE =Integer.MAX_VALUE

路由的优先级是按order来排序，如果order越小，优先级越高

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