安卓主板与pc主板通信

Motherboards are the most complex component in your computer. Fitted with hundreds of components and dozens of options it can be difficult to choose. Let’s look at the most important factors to help you decide before building your next computer.

主板是计算机中最复杂的组件。 装有数百个组件和数十个选项，可能很难选择。 让我们看一看最重要的因素，以帮助您在构建下一台计算机之前做出决定。

Motherboards are the central nervous system of your computer. They are responsible for connecting and communicating between all of the important components inside. Knowing what to look for is key when comparing boards.

主板是计算机的中枢神经系统。 他们负责内部所有重要组件之间的连接和通信。 比较电路板时，知道要查找的内容是关键。

主板尺寸 (Motherboard Sizes)

Motherboards come in different shapes and sizes, but luckily there are some standards set in place so that a lot of motherboards and cases can work together.

主板具有不同的形状和尺寸，但是幸运的是，由于已经制定了一些标准，因此许多主板和机箱可以一起使用。

For the most part these sizes apply to all desktop computers but some computers you buy from manufacturers don’t follow all the rules. This is usually fine when you buy the whole computer as a unit, but it becomes tricky if you want to swap a new motherboard into the case or build one from scratch.

这些尺寸在大多数情况下适用于所有台式计算机，但是您从制造商那里购买的某些计算机并没有遵循所有规则。 当您将整个计算机作为一个整体购买时，这通常是可以的，但是如果您想将新的主板更换到机箱中或从头开始构建一个主机板，这将变得很棘手。

The most common motherboard size is Intel’s Advanced Technology Extended (ATX) and its derivatives. The chart below has some of the most common ATX sizes, but there are plenty more options than just the few shown here.

最常见的主板尺寸是英特尔的高级技术扩展(ATX)及其衍生产品。 下表列出了一些最常见的ATX尺寸，但是除了此处显示的几个以外，还有更多的选择。

Motherboard sizes not only indicate the size of the board and placement of mounting screws, but it also dictates the general layout of the major components on the board. Have you ever noticed that almost all motherboards have the CPU, RAM, and I/O ports in the same place? That is because they are determined by the board standard. The components have to be in the same place otherwise case and power supply manufacturers wouldn’t easily be able to sell you something that works with with your motherboard no matter who makes it.

主板尺寸不仅表示主板的尺寸和安装螺钉的位置，而且还指示主板主要组件的总体布局。 您是否曾经注意到几乎所有主板在同一位置都具有CPU，RAM和I / O端口？ 那是因为它们由董事会标准决定。 组件必须放置在同一位置，否则，无论是谁制造的，电源制造商都无法轻易向您出售与您的主板兼容的产品。

For ATX motherboards the general layout of the board is shown in the picture below.

对于ATX主板，主板的总体布局如下图所示。

Intel’s second attempt at standardizing motherboards was with Balanced Technology Extended (BTX). The main focus of BTX was to solve airflow and component placement limitations of ATX. Although BTX was supposed to be the successor to the ATX form factor, it didn’t gain enough traction to take off in the consumer market. Some large computer manufacturers such as HP, Dell, and Apple still use BTX, or proprietary variations of it. The main layout differences can be seen in the picture below.

英特尔第二次标准化主板的尝试是使用Balanced Technology Extended(BTX)。 BTX的主要重点是解决ATX的气流和组件放置限制。 尽管BTX被认为是ATX外形的继任者，但它并没有获得足够的吸引力来吸引消费者市场。 一些大型计算机制造商，例如HP，Dell和Apple，仍然使用BTX或BTX的专有变体。 主要布局差异可以在下图中看到。

Because BTX has been abandoned by Intel since 2007, you will just need to focus on which ATX size best suits your needs. Typically the main difference between small ATX boards and larger boards are expansion slots and CPU support.

由于BTX自2007年以来就已被英特尔放弃，因此您只需要关注最适合您需求的ATX尺寸即可。 通常，小型ATX板与大型板之间的主要区别是扩展插槽和CPU支持。

处理器插槽 (Processor Sockets)

Image via kwixson

图片来自kwixson

The processor socket you choose is the deciding factor in what CPU you can use in your computer. If the processor doesn’t fit, you can’t use it. Intel and AMD both have their own series of processors and sockets that are compatible with only their chips. The first thing you will need to decide is which processor you want and then you can decide further on which socket you need.

选择的处理器插槽是您可以在计算机中使用哪个CPU的决定因素。 如果处理器不合适，则无法使用它。 英特尔和AMD都有自己的系列处理器和插槽，仅与它们的芯片兼容。 您需要确定的第一件事是所需的处理器，然后可以进一步确定所需的插槽。

Intel’s sockets usually have a friendly name, like Socket H, and a technical name like LGA 1156. The friendly name is easier to remember while the technical name will tell you about the socket. LGA 1156, for example, stands for Land Grid Array and it has 1156 pins. Because CPUs and motherboards change so often it probably isn’t worth it to describe what processors work in which sockets. Instead you can get that information on which CPU series work with which motherboards from your manufacturer.

英特尔的插座通常有一个友好的名称(如Socket H)和一个技术名称(如LGA 1156)。该友好名称更容易记住，而技术名称会告诉您有关插座的信息。 例如，LGA 1156代表Land Grid Array，它具有1156引脚。 由于CPU和主板经常更换，因此描述哪个处理器在哪个插槽中工作可能不值得。 相反，您可以从制造商那里获得有关哪些CPU系列与哪些主板一起工作的信息。

For Intel’s consumer sockets they typically have a low power, e.g. Socket 441 for Atom processors, a midrange, e.g. Socket H for Celeron, Core i3, Core i5, and Core i7 800 series processors, and a high end, e.g. Socket B for Core i7 900 series processors. If you are looking to use an Intel processor you will need to find which socket supports the processor you want.

对于英特尔的消费类插座，它们通常具有低功耗，例如，用于Atom处理器的Socket 441，中端(例如，用于Celeron，Core i3，Core i5和Core i7 800系列处理器的Socket H)，以及高端(例如，用于Core的Socket B)。 i7 900系列处理器。 如果要使用Intel处理器，则需要查找哪个插槽支持所需的处理器。

AMD hasn’t been changing quite as frequently as Intel and in the past 5 years they have only had 3 major consumer sockets. The AM2, AM2+, and AM3 sockets support almost all of AMD’s consumer processors currently. The AM2 and AM2+ were mostly interchangeable and the AM3 was introduced to support DDR3 memory.

AMD的变化不像英特尔那么频繁，在过去的五年中，它们只有3个主要的消费级插座。 AM2，AM2 +和AM3插槽目前支持几乎所有AMD的消费类处理器。 AM2和AM2 +大多可互换，并且AM3被引入以支持DDR3内存。

In either case, it is a good idea to pick your processor first, and your motherboard second. If you buy a socket with no processor support, it isn’t going to do you much good.

无论哪种情况，最好先选择处理器，然后再选择主板。 如果您购买了不支持处理器的插座，那将不会带来很多好处。

芯片组 (Chipsets)

Image via adikos

图片来自adikos

The chipset is how your CPU, RAM, video card, and peripherals communicate. It is a combination of your northbridge and southbridge and can add some very nice features depending on your needs.

芯片组是您的CPU，RAM，视频卡和外围设备进行通信的方式。 它是北桥和南桥的组合，可以根据需要添加一些非常好的功能。

The northbridge is typically responsible for the very fast communication between your CPU, RAM, and video card. It is where you will get features like SLI/CrossFire and DDR3. With the current Intel and AMD processors the northbridge functions are all included in the processor. This means less complexity for your motherboard and typically less latency for the processor to access the high speed components like RAM.

北桥通常负责CPU，RAM和视频卡之间的快速通信。 在这里，您将获得SLI / CrossFire和DDR3等功能。 对于当前的Intel和AMD处理器，北桥功能全部包含在处理器中。 这意味着您的主板的复杂性降低，通常处理器访问诸如RAM之类的高速组件的等待时间也较短。

Integration is great news for performance but sometimes bad news for options. For instance, because AMD owns ATI they could have the ability to lock their latest gaming graphics cards to only having specific features if you are using an AMD processor. This also put companies like Nvidia out of the northbridge market who use to make one of the best northbridge chips back in the Pentium 4 processor days.

集成对于性能而言是个好消息，但对于选项而言则有时是个坏消息。 例如，由于AMD拥有ATI，因此如果您使用的是AMD处理器，他们就可以将其最新的游戏图形卡锁定为仅具有特定功能。 这也使像Nvidia这样的公司退出了北桥市场，这些公司过去曾将其制造为奔腾4处理器时代最好的北桥芯片之一。

The southbridge will give you features like support for the latest PCI-E, SATA, USB 3, and many more future technologies. It is also essential to know what options you need because some southbridges may not support every feature you might expect like RAID and surround sound. With most manufacturers they will clearly state the features available without needing to dive deep into the southbridge chipset features.

南桥将为您提供诸如支持最新PCI-E，SATA，USB 3以及更多未来技术的功能。 知道您需要什么选项也很重要，因为某些南桥可能不支持您可能期望的所有功能，例如RAID和环绕声。 对于大多数制造商，他们将清楚地说明可用功能，而无需深入研究南桥芯片组功能。

Because this combination of features + processors + options is so big and changes multiple times per year it would be impossible for us to list every option here. Instead, just be aware when you are picking your motherboard of what features you need and then look for those options in your boards chipset.

由于功能+处理器+选项的组合如此之大，并且每年都会多次更改，因此我们不可能在这里列出每个选项。 取而代之的是，仅在选择母板时需要注意哪些功能，然后在板子芯片组中寻找那些选项即可。

其他选择 (Other options)

A lot of manufacturers will try to sell you on a motherboard based on extra features like the amount of on board I/O ports, amount of expansion slots, or the reliability of their motherboards. These can all be requirements depending on the purpose of the computer you are building. Once you figure out the processor and size of motherboard you want, these added features will probably become the next most important thing, especially with smaller form factor motherboards when space is limited.

许多制造商会尝试根据其他功能(例如板载I / O端口数量，扩展插槽数量或主板的可靠性)在主板上向您出售。 这些可能都是要求，具体取决于要构建的计算机的用途。 一旦弄清了所需的处理器和主板的大小，这些增加的功能将可能成为下一个最重要的事情，尤其是在空间有限的情况下使用更小尺寸的主板。

It is typically easier to use onboard features if they are available than try and expand the computer to have all of the options you need. If you know you are going to need two network cards or HDMI with audio pass-through, make sure your motherboard supports it before buying.

如果可以使用板载功能，通常比尝试扩展计算机以拥有所需的所有选项容易。 如果您知道将需要两块带音频直通功能的网卡或HDMI，请在购买前确保您的主板支持它。

The manufacture’s description may not be 100% clear on if the feature is supported or not. Other places to look for clarification on specific features are device reviews, forums, and wikipedia. You may also want to download the PDF user guide for the motherboard just to see if it is documented on how to enable the features you need.

是否支持该功能，制造商的描述可能不清楚100％。 其他需要澄清特定功能的地方包括设备评论，论坛和维基百科。 您可能还希望下载主板的PDF用户指南，以查看是否已记录如何启用所需功能。

If you have clear decision for what you need in each category you can quickly narrow down the endless sea of options available. This can greatly ease the stress when trying to decide on a motherboard just by price or maximum memory supported.

如果您对每种类别的需求都有明确的决定，则可以Swift缩小无穷无尽的可用选项。 仅通过价格或支持的最大内存来决定主板时，这可以大大减轻压力。

翻译自: https://www.howtogeek.com/62588/how-to-pick-the-right-motherboard-for-your-custom-built-pc/

安卓主板与pc主板通信