在python2中加载python3训练和保存的模型时出错：

ValueErrorTraceback (most recent call last)

--> 237 clf = joblib.load('clf300_all.model')

238 pred_y = clf.predict_proba(X)

/usr/local/anaconda2/lib/python2.7/site-packages/sklearn/externals/joblib/numpy_pickle.pyc in load(filename, mmap_mode)

576 return load_compatibility(fobj)

577

--> 578 obj = _unpickle(fobj, filename, mmap_mode)

579

580 return obj

/usr/local/anaconda2/lib/python2.7/site-packages/sklearn/externals/joblib/numpy_pickle.pyc in _unpickle(fobj, filename, mmap_mode)

ValueError: unsupported pickle protocol: 3

经过查阅资料：

跨python版本的 joblib.dump() 和 joblib.load()

Compatibility across python versions

Compatibility of joblib pickles across python versions is not fully supported. Note that, for a very restricted set of objects, this may appear to work when saving a pickle with python 2 and loading it with python 3 but relying on it is strongly discouraged.

If you are switching between python versions, you will need to save a different joblib pickle for each python version.

Here are a few examples or exceptions:

Saving joblib pickle with python 2, trying to load it with python 3:

Traceback (most recent call last): File "/home/lesteve/dev/joblib/joblib/numpy_pickle.py", line 453, in load obj = unpickler.load() File "/home/lesteve/miniconda3/lib/python3.4/pickle.py", line 1038, in load dispatch[key[0]](self) File "/home/lesteve/miniconda3/lib/python3.4/pickle.py", line 1176, in load_binstring self.append(self._decode_string(data)) File "/home/lesteve/miniconda3/lib/python3.4/pickle.py", line 1158, in _decode_string return value.decode(self.encoding, self.errors) UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0x80 in position 1024: ordinal not in range(128) Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 1, in File "/home/lesteve/dev/joblib/joblib/numpy_pickle.py", line 462, in load raise new_exc ValueError: You may be trying to read with python 3 a joblib pickle generated with python 2. This is not feature supported by joblib.

Saving joblib pickle with python 3, trying to load it with python 2:

Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 1, in File "joblib/numpy_pickle.py", line 453, in load obj = unpickler.load() File "/home/lesteve/miniconda3/envs/py27/lib/python2.7/pickle.py", line 858, in load dispatch[key](self) File "/home/lesteve/miniconda3/envs/py27/lib/python2.7/pickle.py", line 886, in load_proto raise ValueError, "unsupported pickle protocol: %d" % proto ValueError: unsupported pickle protocol: 3

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不完全支持跨python版本的joblib pickle的兼容性。请注意，对于一组非常有限的对象，当使用python 2保存pickle并使用python 3加载它时，这可能会起作用，但强烈建议不要依赖它。

如果要在python版本之间切换，则需要为每个python版本保存不同的joblib pickle。

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另外：不同python版本的pickle.dump()和pickle.load()是可以相互转换和支持的

You should write the pickled data with a lower protocol number in Python 3. Python 3 introduced a new protocol with the number 3 (and uses it as default), so switch back to a value of 2 which can be read by Python 2.

Check the protocolparameter in pickle.dump. Your resulting code will look like this.

pickle.dump(your_object,your_file,protocol=2)

There is no protocolparameter in pickle.load because pickle can determine the protocol from the file.

Pickle uses different protocols to convert your data to a binary stream.

In python 2 there are 3 different protocols (0, 1, 2) and the default is 0.

In python 3 there are 5 different protocols (0, 1, 2, 3, 4) and the default is 3.

You must specify in python 3 a protocol lower than 3 in order to be able to load the data in python 2. You can specify the protocol parameter when invoking pickle.dump.