Spring In Action 5 学习笔记 chapter1
2024-06-23 18:32:27
环境
win7x64
idea 2018.3
maven 3.3.9
spring 4.0.4
很久没摸spring boot了，idea还是2018的，生疏了，抓起来再看看。【我亦无他，惟手熟尔】
IDEA搭建一个Spring boot项目
概念厘清：SpringBoot基本上是 Spring框架的扩展。参考Spring和SpringBoot区别
方式一：IDEA内选择Spring Initializr
建立空工程-简略关键步骤
- IDEA选择New Project，创建项目时Artifact 需要小写字母，否则提示错误
- 左侧选spring-Initializr。
- 因国内网络限制，默认的url无法自动成功生成，需要将https://start.spring.io改为https://start.aliyun.com
- 选择spring boot版本
- 选择web->Spring Web
- 其他选择 例如Dev Tool或Thymeleaf
建好的pom.xml如下
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><groupId>com.wdh.springinaction</groupId><artifactId>springbyinitializr2</artifactId><version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version><name>springbyinitializr2</name><description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description><properties><java.version>1.8</java.version><project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding><project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding><spring-boot.version>2.3.7.RELEASE</spring-boot.version></properties><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId><scope>runtime</scope><optional>true</optional></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId><scope>test</scope><exclusions><exclusion><groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId><artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId></exclusion></exclusions></dependency></dependencies><dependencyManagement><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId><version>${spring-boot.version}</version><type>pom</type><scope>import</scope></dependency></dependencies></dependencyManagement><build><plugins><plugin><groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId><artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId><version>3.8.1</version><configuration><source>1.8</source><target>1.8</target><encoding>UTF-8</encoding></configuration></plugin><plugin><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId><version>2.3.7.RELEASE</version><configuration><mainClass>com.wdh.springinaction.springbyinitializr2.Springbyinitializr2Application</mainClass></configuration><executions><execution><id>repackage</id><goals><goal>repackage</goal></goals></execution></executions></plugin></plugins></build></project>
application.properties文件内容如下
# 应用名称
spring.application.name=springbyinitializr2
# 应用服务 WEB 访问端口
server.port=8080
# THYMELEAF (ThymeleafAutoConfiguration)
# 开启模板缓存（默认值： true ）
spring.thymeleaf.cache=true
# 检查模板是否存在，然后再呈现
spring.thymeleaf.check-template=true
# 检查模板位置是否正确（默认值 :true ）
spring.thymeleaf.check-template-location=true
#Content-Type 的值（默认值： text/html ）
spring.thymeleaf.content-type=text/html
# 开启 MVC Thymeleaf 视图解析（默认值： true ）
spring.thymeleaf.enabled=true
# 模板编码
spring.thymeleaf.encoding=UTF-8
# 要被排除在解析之外的视图名称列表，⽤逗号分隔
spring.thymeleaf.excluded-view-names=
# 要运⽤于模板之上的模板模式。另⻅ StandardTemplate-ModeHandlers( 默认值： HTML5)
spring.thymeleaf.mode=HTML5
# 在构建 URL 时添加到视图名称前的前缀（默认值： classpath:/templates/ ）
spring.thymeleaf.prefix=classpath:/templates/
# 在构建 URL 时添加到视图名称后的后缀（默认值： .html ）
spring.thymeleaf.suffix=.html目录结构
创建MVC应用
简要步骤
- 编写Controller（HomeController.java）
- 编写html页码（使用Thymeleaf模板编写home.html）
- IDEA启动运行（或启动调试），在IDEA的控制台console小窗口中显示如下字样【 Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http) with context path ''】表示成功
"C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_111\bin\java.exe" -XX:TieredStopAtLevel=1 -noverify -Dspring.output.ansi.enabled=always -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote -Dspring.liveBeansView.mbeanDomain -Dspring.application.admin.enabled=true "-javaagent:D:\JavaDevEnv\JetBrains\IntelliJ IDEA 2018.3.6\lib\idea_rt.jar=2368:D:\JavaDevEnv\JetBrains\IntelliJ IDEA 2018.3.6\bin" -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath "C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_111\jre\lib\charsets.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_111\jre\lib\deploy.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_111\jre\lib\ext\access-bridge-64.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_111\jre\lib\ext\cldrdata.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_111\jre\lib\ext\dnsns.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_111\jre\lib\ext\jaccess.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_111\jre\lib\ext\jfxrt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_111\jre\lib\ext\localedata.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_111\jre\lib\ext\nashorn.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_111\jre\lib\ext\sunec.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_111\jre\lib\ext\sunjce_provider.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_111\jre\lib\ext\sunmscapi.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_111\jre\lib\ext\sunpkcs11.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_111\jre\lib\ext\zipfs.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_111\jre\lib\javaws.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_111\jre\lib\jce.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_111\jre\lib\jfr.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_111\jre\lib\jfxswt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_111\jre\lib\jsse.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_111\jre\lib\management-agent.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_111\jre\lib\plugin.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_111\jre\lib\resources.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_111\jre\lib\rt.jar;D:\JavaWorkspace\IdeaProjects\SpringInAction\springbyinitializr2\target\classes;D:\JavaDevEnv\maven_repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf\2.3.7.RELEASE\spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf-2.3.7.RELEASE.jar;D:\JavaDevEnv\maven_repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-starter\2.3.7.RELEASE\spring-boot-starter-2.3.7.RELEASE.jar;D:\JavaDevEnv\maven_repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-starter-logging\2.3.7.RELEASE\spring-boot-starter-logging-2.3.7.RELEASE.jar;D:\JavaDevEnv\maven_repository\ch\qos\logback\logback-classic\1.2.3\logback-classic-1.2.3.jar;D:\JavaDevEnv\maven_repository\ch\qos\logback\logback-core\1.2.3\logback-core-1.2.3.jar;D:\JavaDevEnv\maven_repository\org\apache\logging\log4j\log4j-to-slf4j\2.13.3\log4j-to-slf4j-2.13.3.jar;D:\JavaDevEnv\maven_repository\org\apache\logging\log4j\log4j-api\2.13.3\log4j-api-2.13.3.jar;D:\JavaDevEnv\maven_repository\org\slf4j\jul-to-slf4j\1.7.30\jul-to-slf4j-1.7.30.jar;D:\JavaDevEnv\maven_repository\jakarta\annotation\jakarta.annotation-api\1.3.5\jakarta.annotation-api-1.3.5.jar;D:\JavaDevEnv\maven_repository\org\yaml\snakeyaml\1.26\snakeyaml-1.26.jar;D:\JavaDevEnv\maven_repository\org\thymeleaf\thymeleaf-spring5\3.0.11.RELEASE\thymeleaf-spring5-3.0.11.RELEASE.jar;D:\JavaDevEnv\maven_repository\org\thymeleaf\thymeleaf\3.0.11.RELEASE\thymeleaf-3.0.11.RELEASE.jar;D:\JavaDevEnv\maven_repository\org\attoparser\attoparser\2.0.5.RELEASE\attoparser-2.0.5.RELEASE.jar;D:\JavaDevEnv\maven_repository\org\unbescape\unbescape\1.1.6.RELEASE\unbescape-1.1.6.RELEASE.jar;D:\JavaDevEnv\maven_repository\org\slf4j\slf4j-api\1.7.30\slf4j-api-1.7.30.jar;D:\JavaDevEnv\maven_repository\org\thymeleaf\extras\thymeleaf-extras-java8time\3.0.4.RELEASE\thymeleaf-extras-java8time-3.0.4.RELEASE.jar;D:\JavaDevEnv\maven_repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-starter-web\2.3.7.RELEASE\spring-boot-starter-web-2.3.7.RELEASE.jar;D:\JavaDevEnv\maven_repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-starter-json\2.3.7.RELEASE\spring-boot-starter-json-2.3.7.RELEASE.jar;D:\JavaDevEnv\maven_repository\com\fasterxml\jackson\core\jackson-databind\2.11.3\jackson-databind-2.11.3.jar;D:\JavaDevEnv\maven_repository\com\fasterxml\jackson\core\jackson-annotations\2.11.3\jackson-annotations-2.11.3.jar;D:\JavaDevEnv\maven_repository\com\fasterxml\jackson\core\jackson-core\2.11.3\jackson-core-2.11.3.jar;D:\JavaDevEnv\maven_repository\com\fasterxml\jackson\datatype\jackson-datatype-jdk8\2.11.3\jackson-datatype-jdk8-2.11.3.jar;D:\JavaDevEnv\maven_repository\com\fasterxml\jackson\datatype\jackson-datatype-jsr310\2.11.3\jackson-datatype-jsr310-2.11.3.jar;D:\JavaDevEnv\maven_repository\com\fasterxml\jackson\module\jackson-module-parameter-names\2.11.3\jackson-module-parameter-names-2.11.3.jar;D:\JavaDevEnv\maven_repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-starter-tomcat\2.3.7.RELEASE\spring-boot-starter-tomcat-2.3.7.RELEASE.jar;D:\JavaDevEnv\maven_repository\org\apache\tomcat\embed\tomcat-embed-core\9.0.41\tomcat-embed-core-9.0.41.jar;D:\JavaDevEnv\maven_repository\org\glassfish\jakarta.el\3.0.3\jakarta.el-3.0.3.jar;D:\JavaDevEnv\maven_repository\org\apache\tomcat\embed\tomcat-embed-websocket\9.0.41\tomcat-embed-websocket-9.0.41.jar;D:\JavaDevEnv\maven_repository\org\springframework\spring-web\5.2.12.RELEASE\spring-web-5.2.12.RELEASE.jar;D:\JavaDevEnv\maven_repository\org\springframework\spring-beans\5.2.12.RELEASE\spring-beans-5.2.12.RELEASE.jar;D:\JavaDevEnv\maven_repository\org\springframework\spring-webmvc\5.2.12.RELEASE\spring-webmvc-5.2.12.RELEASE.jar;D:\JavaDevEnv\maven_repository\org\springframework\spring-aop\5.2.12.RELEASE\spring-aop-5.2.12.RELEASE.jar;D:\JavaDevEnv\maven_repository\org\springframework\spring-context\5.2.12.RELEASE\spring-context-5.2.12.RELEASE.jar;D:\JavaDevEnv\maven_repository\org\springframework\spring-expression\5.2.12.RELEASE\spring-expression-5.2.12.RELEASE.jar;D:\JavaDevEnv\maven_repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-devtools\2.3.7.RELEASE\spring-boot-devtools-2.3.7.RELEASE.jar;D:\JavaDevEnv\maven_repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot\2.3.7.RELEASE\spring-boot-2.3.7.RELEASE.jar;D:\JavaDevEnv\maven_repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-autoconfigure\2.3.7.RELEASE\spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.3.7.RELEASE.jar;D:\JavaDevEnv\maven_repository\org\springframework\spring-core\5.2.12.RELEASE\spring-core-5.2.12.RELEASE.jar;D:\JavaDevEnv\maven_repository\org\springframework\spring-jcl\5.2.12.RELEASE\spring-jcl-5.2.12.RELEASE.jar" com.wdh.springinaction.springbyinitializr2.Springbyinitializr2Application. ____ _ __ _ _/\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __ __ _ \ \ \ \ ( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \\\/ ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| | ) ) ) )' |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /=========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/:: Spring Boot :: (v2.3.7.RELEASE)2022-08-24 11:26:58.891 INFO 2544 --- [ restartedMain] c.w.s.s.Springbyinitializr2Application : Starting Springbyinitializr2Application on 14JPYI7CBESDNFK with PID 2544 (D:\JavaWorkspace\IdeaProjects\SpringInAction\springbyinitializr2\target\classes started by Administrator in D:\JavaWorkspace\IdeaProjects\SpringInAction\springbyinitializr2) 2022-08-24 11:26:58.897 INFO 2544 --- [ restartedMain] c.w.s.s.Springbyinitializr2Application : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default 2022-08-24 11:26:58.980 INFO 2544 --- [ restartedMain] .e.DevToolsPropertyDefaultsPostProcessor : Devtools property defaults active! Set 'spring.devtools.add-properties' to 'false' to disable 2022-08-24 11:26:58.980 INFO 2544 --- [ restartedMain] .e.DevToolsPropertyDefaultsPostProcessor : For additional web related logging consider setting the 'logging.level.web' property to 'DEBUG' 2022-08-24 11:27:00.102 INFO 2544 --- [ restartedMain] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8080 (http) 2022-08-24 11:27:00.110 INFO 2544 --- [ restartedMain] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService : Starting service [Tomcat] 2022-08-24 11:27:00.110 INFO 2544 --- [ restartedMain] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine : Starting Servlet engine: [Apache Tomcat/9.0.41] 2022-08-24 11:27:00.167 INFO 2544 --- [ restartedMain] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/] : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext 2022-08-24 11:27:00.167 INFO 2544 --- [ restartedMain] w.s.c.ServletWebServerApplicationContext : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 1186 ms 2022-08-24 11:27:00.316 INFO 2544 --- [ restartedMain] o.s.s.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor : Initializing ExecutorService 'applicationTaskExecutor' 2022-08-24 11:27:00.414 WARN 2544 --- [ restartedMain] org.thymeleaf.templatemode.TemplateMode : [THYMELEAF][restartedMain] Template Mode 'HTML5' is deprecated. Using Template Mode 'HTML' instead. 2022-08-24 11:27:00.454 INFO 2544 --- [ restartedMain] o.s.b.d.a.OptionalLiveReloadServer : LiveReload server is running on port 35729 2022-08-24 11:27:00.484 INFO 2544 --- [ restartedMain] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http) with context path '' 2022-08-24 11:27:00.494 INFO 2544 --- [ restartedMain] c.w.s.s.Springbyinitializr2Application : Started Springbyinitializr2Application in 1.887 seconds (JVM running for 2.493) 2022-08-24 11:27:22.438 INFO 2544 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/] : Initializing Spring DispatcherServlet 'dispatcherServlet' 2022-08-24 11:27:22.438 INFO 2544 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet : Initializing Servlet 'dispatcherServlet' 2022-08-24 11:27:22.442 INFO 2544 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet : Completed initialization in 4 ms - 在本机浏览器中输入“http://localhost:8080/”即可打开HomeController返回的home.html页面。
Controller代码示例
注意其目录结构（新建包com.wdh.springinaction.springbyinitializr2.controller；将HomeController 放置于包内）
package com.wdh.springinaction.springbyinitializr2.controller;import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;/*** @author WangDH* @create 2022-08-24 10:10*/
@Controller
public class HomeController {@GetMapping("/")public String home(){return "home";}}
home.html代码示例（基于Thymeleaf模板）
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title>This is my spring boot home page</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>hello world! spring boot.Welcome to my site.</h1>
<img th:src="@{/images/debug.png}" />
</body>
</html>关于启动运行
方式一：在Springbyinitializr2Application.java中点击右键菜单的“Run Springbyinitializr2Application”
方式二：在IDEA顶部工具栏点击绿色三角形按钮Run按钮
关于调试运行
方式一：在Springbyinitializr2Application.java中点击右键菜单的“Debug Springbyinitializr2Application”；
方式二：在IDEA顶部工具栏点击绿色虫子按钮Debug按钮；
加断点：在调试前和调试中可以在代码行头点击增加断点；
单步调试：在底部小窗口上方有调试详细工具栏；
继续到下一断点：在底部小窗口左侧有竖着的多个按钮，绿色带竖线的三角形按钮表示继续到下一个断点或直接运行到程序结束；
双红色圆点：表示查看所有断点；
红色带黑斜线圆点：表示暂时跳过所有断点；
方式二：IDEA内选择Maven (下一篇文章再续写)
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