作者 | 喵叔

责编 | 刘静

出品 | CSDN（ID：CSDNnews）

什么是序列化/反序列化

using System.Runtime.Serialization;
using System.Runtime.Serialization.Json;

引入命名空间后我们开始编写序列化类

[DataContract]
class Student
{[DataMember]public string Name { get; set; }[DataMember]public int Sex { get; set; }[DataMember]public int Age { get; set; }[DataMember]public Address Address { get; set;  }
}
[DataContract]
class Address
{[DataMember]public string City { get; set; }[DataMember]public string Road { get; set; }
}

在上述代码中我们看到在类的头部添加了 DataContract 特性，以及在类的属性上也增加了 DataMember 特性 。一旦一个类被声明为 DataContract 时就代表着该类可以被序列化，并且可以在服务端和客户端传输。只有声明为DataContract的类型的对象可以被传送，且只有成员属性会被传递，成员方法不会被传递。默认情况下类中的所有成员属性都不会被序列化传输出去，如果需要将成员数据传输出去就需要在属性头部加入 DataMember 。

class Program
{static void Main(string[] args){#region 对象转JSON字符串Student student = new Student{Name = "Tom",Age = 20,Sex = 1,Address = new Address{City = "NYC",Road = "ABC"}};//利用WriteObject方法序列化为 JSONDataContractJsonSerializer serializer = new DataContractJsonSerializer(typeof(Student));MemoryStream stream = new MemoryStream();serializer.WriteObject(stream, student);byte[] bytes=new byte[stream.Length];stream.Position = 0;stream.Read(bytes, 0, (int)stream.Length);string jsonStr = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(bytes);Console.WriteLine(jsonStr);#endregion#region JSON字符串转对象stream = new MemoryStream(Encoding.Default.GetBytes(jsonStr));student = (Student)serializer.ReadObject(stream);Console.WriteLine("Name: " +student.Name);Console.WriteLine("Sex: " + student.Sex);Console.WriteLine("Age: " + student.Age);Console.WriteLine("Address: " + student.Address.City+" "+student.Address.Road);#endregionConsole.ReadLine();}
}

输出结果如下：

using System.Web.Script.Serialization;

下面我们就利用 JavaScriptSerializer 对象进行序列化和反序列化，代码如下：

class Program
{static void Main(string[] args){#region 序列化Student student = new Student{Name = "Tom",Age = 20,Sex = 1,Address = new Address{City = "NYC",Road = "ABC"}};//初始化JavaScriptSerializer serializer = new JavaScriptSerializer();string jsonStr = serializer.Serialize(student);Console.WriteLine(jsonStr);#endregion#region 反序列化student = serializer.Deserialize<Student>(jsonStr);Console.WriteLine("Name: " +student.Name);Console.WriteLine("Sex: " + student.Sex);Console.WriteLine("Age: " + student.Age);Console.WriteLine("Address: " + student.Address.City+" "+student.Address.Road);#endregionConsole.ReadLine();}
}

从上面的代码我们可以看出利用 JavaScriptSerializer 序列化和反序列化要比 DataContractJsonSerializer 类方便。上述代码运行结果如下：

using Newtonsoft.Json;

下面我们来看看 Newtonsoft.Json 的具体使用：

class Program
{static void Main(string[] args){#region 序列化Student student = new Student{Name = "Tom",Age = 20,Sex = 1,Address = new Address{City = "NYC",Road = "ABC"}};string jsonStr = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(student);Console.WriteLine(jsonStr);#endregion#region 反序列化student = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<Student>(jsonStr);Console.WriteLine("Name: " +student.Name);Console.WriteLine("Sex: " + student.Sex);Console.WriteLine("Age: " + student.Age);Console.WriteLine("Address: " + student.Address.City+" "+student.Address.Road);#endregionConsole.ReadLine();}
}

上述代码输出结果如下：

using System.Xml.Serialization;

具体序列化/反序列化方法如下：

class Program
{static void Main(string[] args){#region 序列化Student student = new Student{Name = "Tom",Age = 20,Sex = 1,Address = new Address{City = "NYC",Road = "ABC"}};XmlSerializer xmlSerializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(Student));using (FileStream stream = new FileStream(@"d:\123.xml", FileMode.OpenOrCreate)){xmlSerializer.Serialize(stream, student);}#endregion#region 反序列化using (FileStream stream = new FileStream(@"d:\123.xml", FileMode.OpenOrCreate)){XmlReader xmlReader = new XmlTextReader(stream);student = xmlSerializer.Deserialize(xmlReader) as Student;}Console.WriteLine("Name: " + student.Name);Console.WriteLine("Sex: " + student.Sex);Console.WriteLine("Age: " + student.Age);Console.WriteLine("Address: " + student.Address.City + " " + student.Address.Road);#endregionConsole.ReadLine();}
}

这里有一点需要注意，如果对象类的访问修饰符不是 public 将会报错。上述代码运行结果如下：

3. 二进制

[Serializable]
public class Student
{public string Name { get; set; }public int Sex { get; set; }public int Age { get; set; }public Address Address { get; set; }
}
[Serializable]
public class Address
{public string City { get; set; }public string Road { get; set; }
}

上述代码中我们在类的头部加入了  Serializable 特性，这代表着整个类对象都需要序列化，如果我们不需要序列化其中某个属性的话只需在该属性上加上 NonSerialized 特性即可。下面我们来看一下序列化和反序列化的代码：

class Program
{static void Main(string[] args){#region 序列化Student student = new Student{Name = "Tom",Age = 20,Sex = 1,Address = new Address{City = "NYC",Road = "ABC"}};BinaryFormatter binFormat = new BinaryFormatter();string fileName = Path.Combine(@"D:\", @"321.txt");using (Stream fStream = new FileStream(fileName, FileMode.Create, FileAccess.ReadWrite)){binFormat.Serialize(fStream, student);}#endregion#region 反序列化using (Stream fStream = new FileStream(fileName, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.ReadWrite)){fStream.Position = 0;student = (Student)binFormat.Deserialize(fStream);}Console.WriteLine("Name: " + student.Name);Console.WriteLine("Sex: " + student.Sex);Console.WriteLine("Age: " + student.Age);Console.WriteLine("Address: " + student.Address.City + " " + student.Address.Road);#endregionConsole.ReadLine();}
}

上述代码最终输出结果如下：

总结

作者简介：朱钢，笔名喵叔，CSDN博客专家，.NET高级开发工程师，7年一线开发经验，参与过电子政务系统和AI客服系统的开发，以及互联网招聘网站的架构设计，目前就职于北京恒创融慧科技发展有限公司，从事企业级安全监控系统的开发。

声明：本文系作者独立观点，不代表CSDN立场。

☞