007-Cobbler批量自动化部署Windows10和Server 2019及激活

这是坚持技术写作计划（含翻译）的第7篇，定个小目标999，每周最少2篇。

本文主要讲解通过CentOS7.6 Minimal + Cobbler 自动化安装CentOS,Ubuntu,Windows 10 和 Windows Server 2019(应该算是全网第一篇Cobbler+Win10/WinServer2019了)。

请注意，一般安装windows是用MDT或者WDS居多，毕竟是巨硬自己家的，而且MDT还支持分布式镜像传输（主要是巨硬家的OS，动辄超过4G，万兆网卡也会卡啊）。本文不涉及到MDT或者WDS相关操作，感兴趣的可自行百度或者msdn。

准备

Windows ADK (分别下载 Download the Windows ADK for Windows 10, version 1809 和 Download the Windows PE add-on for the ADK)
下载 Windows 10 (business edition), version 1809 (Updated Feb 2019) (x64) - DVD (Chinese-Simplified)
下载 Windows Server 2019 (x64) - DVD (Chinese-Simplified)

注意，adk的两个都要下载，这俩都是引导包，真正的安装程序会由这俩软件进行下载。其中WinPE需要用到5G左右的磁盘空间，简直不能忍受。。。
msdn i tell u 堪称良心站，是windows装机神站啊，不过，没有直达页面挺不爽。为了防止下错，特意截图。

安装ADK和WinPE

我已经装过，且忘记截图了，这是事后补图，只需要勾选必须的就行

安装完后，以管理员身份打开部署和映像工具环境

定制Win 10 PE

copype amd64 C:\winpeDism /mount-image /imagefile:C:\winpe\media\sources\boot.wim /index:1 /mountdir:C:\winpe\mountecho net use z: \\192.168.0.253\share >> C:\winpe\mount\Windows\System32\startnet.cmd
echo z:\win\setup.exe /unattend:z:\win\win10_x64_bios_auto.xml >> C:\winpe\mount\Windows\System32\startnet.cmdDism /unmount-image /mountdir:C:\winpe\mount /commit
MakeWinPEMedia /ISO C:\winpe C:\winpe\winpe_win10_amd64.iso
复制代码

本地生成winpe文件目录
dism 挂载 winpe的启动文件到winpe的mount目录
将启动命令硬编码写死到winpe的startnet.cmd文件里
无人值守安装
卸载winpe的挂载（一定要执行，否则直接强制删除文件夹会出一些稀奇古怪的问题）
制作win10镜像，名为 winpe_win10_amd64.iso

第三步的硬编码是无奈之举，因为要想挂载共享文件夹，必须要知道smb主机，但是这个参数又很难传递进来。
如果是U盘启动，可以写死U盘路径，大不了插上U盘后，手动改卷标(当然因为U盘挂载顺序不一致，可以通过for循环A-Z盘，挨个盘访问某个文件名，如果存在，即认为此盘是自己U盘，设置环境变量)。而网上说的，startnet.cmd调用另外一个bat，多是基于这个原理。

而如果PXE要达到跟上述要求，动态设置smb主机，要么写死域名，然后劫持或者配置域名，加上bat文件，在winpe启动时，通过startnet.cmd下载，并执行。要么找办法，看看能不能在启动时，传入参数（目前我还没找到），当然还可以用MDT方案，看着比PXE+无人应答文件简单很多。

配置Cobbler Server

导入Cobbler

使用WinScp 等工具，将 winpe_win10_amd64.iso 上传到 Cobbler 服务器上

[root@localhost ~]# cobbler distro add --name=windows_10_x64 --kernel=/var/lib/tftpboot/memdisk --initrd=/root/winpe_win10_amd64.iso --kopts="raw iso"
[root@localhost ~]# touch /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/winpe.xml
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler profile add --name=windows_10_x64 --distro=windows_10_x64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/winpe.xml
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创建自动应答文件

直接从 Windows Answer File Generator#win10_x86_64 通过简单配置后，下载即可（只支持简单操作，比如，装系统，格式化磁盘，设置密码等）。当然也可以使用【Windows系统映像管理器】，不过挺难用的，具体用法可以参考 How to create an unattended installation of Windows 10。也可以通过MDT简化操作。

但是如果使用直接生成的，有点问题，即使页面设置了安装语言，但是仍旧需要手动选择，经过多方研究，发现
主要卡在UILanguage和Inputlocale上，全写zh-CN无效。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<component 此处忽略><SetupUILanguage><UILanguage>en-US</UILanguage></SetupUILanguage><InputLocale>0804:{81D4E9C9-1D3B-41BC-9E6C-4B40BF79E35E}{FA550B04-5AD7-411f-A5AC-CA038EC515D7}</InputLocale> <SystemLocale>zh-CN</SystemLocale><UILanguage>zh-CN</UILanguage><UILanguageFallback>zh-CN</UILanguageFallback><UserLocale>zh-CN</UserLocale>
</component>复制代码

另外就是安装密钥,统一替换为 VK7JG-NPHTM-C97JM-9MPGT-3V66T

下面是我的应答文件，仅做参考。

<!--*************************************************
Windows 10 Answer File Generator
Created using Windows AFG found at:
;http://www.windowsafg.comInstallation Notes
Location: zh-CN
Notes: Enter your comments here...
**************************************************-->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<unattendxmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:unattend"><settings pass="windowsPE"><component name="Microsoft-Windows-International-Core-WinPE" processorArchitecture="x86" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS"xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"><SetupUILanguage><UILanguage>en-US</UILanguage></SetupUILanguage><InputLocale>0804:{81D4E9C9-1D3B-41BC-9E6C-4B40BF79E35E}{FA550B04-5AD7-411f-A5AC-CA038EC515D7}</InputLocale><SystemLocale>zh-CN</SystemLocale><UILanguage>zh-CN</UILanguage><UILanguageFallback>zh-CN</UILanguageFallback><UserLocale>zh-CN</UserLocale></component><component name="Microsoft-Windows-International-Core-WinPE" processorArchitecture="amd64" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS"xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"><SetupUILanguage><UILanguage>en-US</UILanguage></SetupUILanguage><InputLocale>0804:{81D4E9C9-1D3B-41BC-9E6C-4B40BF79E35E}{FA550B04-5AD7-411f-A5AC-CA038EC515D7}</InputLocale><SystemLocale>zh-CN</SystemLocale><UILanguage>zh-CN</UILanguage><UILanguageFallback>zh-CN</UILanguageFallback><UserLocale>zh-CN</UserLocale></component><component name="Microsoft-Windows-Setup" processorArchitecture="x86" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS"xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"><DiskConfiguration><Disk wcm:action="add"><CreatePartitions><CreatePartition wcm:action="add"><Order>1</Order><Type>Primary</Type><Size>100</Size></CreatePartition><CreatePartition wcm:action="add"><Extend>true</Extend><Order>2</Order><Type>Primary</Type></CreatePartition></CreatePartitions><ModifyPartitions><ModifyPartition wcm:action="add"><Active>true</Active><Format>NTFS</Format><Label>System Reserved</Label><Order>1</Order><PartitionID>1</PartitionID><TypeID>0x27</TypeID></ModifyPartition><ModifyPartition wcm:action="add"><Active>true</Active><Format>NTFS</Format><Label>OS</Label><Letter>C</Letter><Order>2</Order><PartitionID>2</PartitionID></ModifyPartition></ModifyPartitions><DiskID>0</DiskID><WillWipeDisk>true</WillWipeDisk></Disk></DiskConfiguration><ImageInstall><OSImage><InstallTo><DiskID>0</DiskID><PartitionID>2</PartitionID></InstallTo><InstallToAvailablePartition>false</InstallToAvailablePartition></OSImage></ImageInstall><UserData><AcceptEula>true</AcceptEula><FullName>AnJia</FullName><Organization>AnJia</Organization><ProductKey><Key>VK7JG-NPHTM-C97JM-9MPGT-3V66T</Key></ProductKey></UserData></component><component name="Microsoft-Windows-Setup" processorArchitecture="amd64" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS"xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"><DiskConfiguration><Disk wcm:action="add"><CreatePartitions><CreatePartition wcm:action="add"><Order>1</Order><Type>Primary</Type><Size>100</Size></CreatePartition><CreatePartition wcm:action="add"><Extend>true</Extend><Order>2</Order><Type>Primary</Type></CreatePartition></CreatePartitions><ModifyPartitions><ModifyPartition wcm:action="add"><Active>true</Active><Format>NTFS</Format><Label>System Reserved</Label><Order>1</Order><PartitionID>1</PartitionID><TypeID>0x27</TypeID></ModifyPartition><ModifyPartition wcm:action="add"><Active>true</Active><Format>NTFS</Format><Label>OS</Label><Letter>C</Letter><Order>2</Order><PartitionID>2</PartitionID></ModifyPartition></ModifyPartitions><DiskID>0</DiskID><WillWipeDisk>true</WillWipeDisk></Disk></DiskConfiguration><ImageInstall><OSImage><InstallTo><DiskID>0</DiskID><PartitionID>2</PartitionID></InstallTo><InstallToAvailablePartition>false</InstallToAvailablePartition></OSImage></ImageInstall><UserData><AcceptEula>true</AcceptEula><FullName>AnJia</FullName><Organization>AnJia</Organization><ProductKey><Key>VK7JG-NPHTM-C97JM-9MPGT-3V66T</Key></ProductKey></UserData></component></settings><settings pass="offlineServicing"><component name="Microsoft-Windows-LUA-Settings" processorArchitecture="x86" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS"xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"><EnableLUA>false</EnableLUA></component></settings><settings pass="offlineServicing"><component name="Microsoft-Windows-LUA-Settings" processorArchitecture="amd64" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS"xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"><EnableLUA>false</EnableLUA></component></settings><settings pass="generalize"><component name="Microsoft-Windows-Security-SPP" processorArchitecture="x86" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS"xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"><SkipRearm>1</SkipRearm></component></settings><settings pass="generalize"><component name="Microsoft-Windows-Security-SPP" processorArchitecture="amd64" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS"xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"><SkipRearm>1</SkipRearm></component></settings><settings pass="specialize"><component name="Microsoft-Windows-International-Core" processorArchitecture="x86" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS"xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"><InputLocale>0804:{81D4E9C9-1D3B-41BC-9E6C-4B40BF79E35E}{FA550B04-5AD7-411f-A5AC-CA038EC515D7}</InputLocale><SystemLocale>zh-CN</SystemLocale><UILanguage>zh-CN</UILanguage><UILanguageFallback>zh-CN</UILanguageFallback><UserLocale>zh-CN</UserLocale></component><component name="Microsoft-Windows-International-Core" processorArchitecture="amd64" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS"xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"><InputLocale>0804:{81D4E9C9-1D3B-41BC-9E6C-4B40BF79E35E}{FA550B04-5AD7-411f-A5AC-CA038EC515D7}</InputLocale><SystemLocale>zh-CN</SystemLocale><UILanguage>zh-CN</UILanguage><UILanguageFallback>zh-CN</UILanguageFallback><UserLocale>zh-CN</UserLocale></component><component name="Microsoft-Windows-Security-SPP-UX" processorArchitecture="x86" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS"xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"><SkipAutoActivation>true</SkipAutoActivation></component><component name="Microsoft-Windows-Security-SPP-UX" processorArchitecture="amd64" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS"xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"><SkipAutoActivation>true</SkipAutoActivation></component><component name="Microsoft-Windows-SQMApi" processorArchitecture="x86" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS"xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"><CEIPEnabled>0</CEIPEnabled></component><component name="Microsoft-Windows-SQMApi" processorArchitecture="amd64" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS"xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"><CEIPEnabled>0</CEIPEnabled></component><component name="Microsoft-Windows-Shell-Setup" processorArchitecture="x86" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS"xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"><ComputerName>AnJia-PC</ComputerName><ProductKey>VK7JG-NPHTM-C97JM-9MPGT-3V66T</ProductKey></component><component name="Microsoft-Windows-Shell-Setup" processorArchitecture="amd64" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS"xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"><ComputerName>AnJia-PC</ComputerName><ProductKey>VK7JG-NPHTM-C97JM-9MPGT-3V66T</ProductKey></component></settings><settings pass="oobeSystem"><component name="Microsoft-Windows-Shell-Setup" processorArchitecture="x86" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS"xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"><AutoLogon><Password><Value></Value><PlainText>true</PlainText></Password><Enabled>true</Enabled><Username>AnJia</Username></AutoLogon><OOBE><HideEULAPage>true</HideEULAPage><HideOEMRegistrationScreen>true</HideOEMRegistrationScreen><HideOnlineAccountScreens>true</HideOnlineAccountScreens><HideWirelessSetupInOOBE>true</HideWirelessSetupInOOBE><NetworkLocation>Work</NetworkLocation><SkipUserOOBE>true</SkipUserOOBE><SkipMachineOOBE>true</SkipMachineOOBE><ProtectYourPC>1</ProtectYourPC></OOBE><UserAccounts><LocalAccounts><LocalAccount wcm:action="add"><Password><Value></Value><PlainText>true</PlainText></Password><Description>AnJia</Description><DisplayName>AnJia</DisplayName><Group>Administrators</Group><Name>AnJia</Name></LocalAccount></LocalAccounts></UserAccounts><RegisteredOrganization>AnJia</RegisteredOrganization><RegisteredOwner>AnJia</RegisteredOwner><DisableAutoDaylightTimeSet>false</DisableAutoDaylightTimeSet><FirstLogonCommands><SynchronousCommand wcm:action="add"><Description>Control Panel View</Description><Order>1</Order><CommandLine>reg add "HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\ControlPanel" /v StartupPage /t REG_DWORD /d 1 /f</CommandLine><RequiresUserInput>true</RequiresUserInput></SynchronousCommand><SynchronousCommand wcm:action="add"><Order>2</Order><Description>Control Panel Icon Size</Description><RequiresUserInput>false</RequiresUserInput><CommandLine>reg add "HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\ControlPanel" /v AllItemsIconView /t REG_DWORD /d 0 /f</CommandLine></SynchronousCommand><SynchronousCommand wcm:action="add"><Order>3</Order><RequiresUserInput>false</RequiresUserInput><CommandLine>cmd /C wmic useraccount where name="AnJia" set PasswordExpires=false</CommandLine><Description>Password Never Expires</Description></SynchronousCommand></FirstLogonCommands><TimeZone>China Standard Time</TimeZone></component><component name="Microsoft-Windows-Shell-Setup" processorArchitecture="amd64" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS"xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"><AutoLogon><Password><Value></Value><PlainText>true</PlainText></Password><Enabled>true</Enabled><Username>AnJia</Username></AutoLogon><OOBE><HideEULAPage>true</HideEULAPage><HideOEMRegistrationScreen>true</HideOEMRegistrationScreen><HideOnlineAccountScreens>true</HideOnlineAccountScreens><HideWirelessSetupInOOBE>true</HideWirelessSetupInOOBE><NetworkLocation>Work</NetworkLocation><SkipUserOOBE>true</SkipUserOOBE><SkipMachineOOBE>true</SkipMachineOOBE><ProtectYourPC>1</ProtectYourPC></OOBE><UserAccounts><LocalAccounts><LocalAccount wcm:action="add"><Password><Value></Value><PlainText>true</PlainText></Password><Description>AnJia</Description><DisplayName>AnJia</DisplayName><Group>Administrators</Group><Name>AnJia</Name></LocalAccount></LocalAccounts></UserAccounts><RegisteredOrganization>AnJia</RegisteredOrganization><RegisteredOwner>AnJia</RegisteredOwner><DisableAutoDaylightTimeSet>false</DisableAutoDaylightTimeSet><FirstLogonCommands><SynchronousCommand wcm:action="add"><Description>Control Panel View</Description><Order>1</Order><CommandLine>reg add "HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\ControlPanel" /v StartupPage /t REG_DWORD /d 1 /f</CommandLine><RequiresUserInput>true</RequiresUserInput></SynchronousCommand><SynchronousCommand wcm:action="add"><Order>2</Order><Description>Control Panel Icon Size</Description><RequiresUserInput>false</RequiresUserInput><CommandLine>reg add "HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\ControlPanel" /v AllItemsIconView /t REG_DWORD /d 0 /f</CommandLine></SynchronousCommand><SynchronousCommand wcm:action="add"><Order>3</Order><RequiresUserInput>false</RequiresUserInput><CommandLine>cmd /C wmic useraccount where name="AnJia" set PasswordExpires=false</CommandLine><Description>Password Never Expires</Description></SynchronousCommand></FirstLogonCommands><TimeZone>China Standard Time</TimeZone></component></settings>
</unattend>
复制代码

配置samba

在Cobbler上执行

安装samba

[root@localhost ~]# yum install samba -y
复制代码

修改smb config

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/samba/smb.conf# /etc/samba/smb.conf
[global]
log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m
max log size = 5000
security = user
guest account = nobody
map to guest = Bad User
load printers = yes
cups options = raw[share]
comment = share directory目录
path = /smb/
directory mask = 0755
create mask = 0755
guest ok=yes
writable=yes
复制代码

启动smb服务

[root@localhost ~]# service smb start
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable smb
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挂载win10系统

通过winscp等软件将 cn_windows_10_business_edition_version_1809_updated_sept_2018_x64_dvd_84ac403f.iso 上传到cobbler服务器上,并将创建的应答文件，上传到cobbler /smb/win/win10_x64_bios_auto.xml

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /smb/win
[root@localhost ~]# mount -o loop,ro /tmp/cn_windows_10_business_edition_version_1809_updated_sept_2018_x64_dvd_84ac403f.iso /mnt/
[root@localhost ~]# cp -r /mnt/* /smb/win
[root@localhost ~]# umount /mnt/
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自动化安装Windows10

从vmware创建一台内存4G，cpu2核，磁盘60G的空盘，win10虚拟机，然后开机。记得选BIOS，别选UEFI。

至于如何激活，参考 vlmcsd搭建KMS服务器，成功激活Server 2019数据中心版本，全网应是我首发

Windows Server 2019

因为2019用的也是1809版本的，所以制作步骤一样的，在此不再赘述。

参考资料

使用Cobbler批量部署Linux和Windows：Windows系统批量安装（三）
WINPE镜像制作-startnet.cmd详解
Windows 中的默认输入配置文件（输入区域设置）
Answer files (unattend.xml)
Windows Answer File Generator#win10_x86_64
WinPE: Mount and Customize
Components
How to create an unattended installation of Windows 10
vlmcsd搭建KMS服务器，成功激活Server 2019数据中心版本，全网应是我首发

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