首先大家可以看一下这个鱼的图案

一.前期准备

1.新建一个项目

2.将MainActivity的XML文件写成

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"android:layout_width="match_parent"android:layout_height="match_parent"tools:context=".MainActivity"><ImageViewandroid:id="@+id/iv_fish"android:layout_width="wrap_content"android:layout_height="wrap_content"android:layout_centerInParent="true"/>
</RelativeLayout>

相当于我们后面只是对ImageView进行涂画

3.新建fishDrawable类，继承Drawable

不用多想，就把fishDrawable类看作图片即可
自定义View和Drawable区别不大，主要是Drawable使用起来更简单一些

public class fishDrawable extends Drawable {@Overridepublic void draw(@NonNull Canvas canvas) {}@Overridepublic void setAlpha(int alpha) {}@Overridepublic void setColorFilter(@Nullable ColorFilter colorFilter) {}@Overridepublic int getOpacity() {return 0;}
}

4.在MainActivity中将ImageView控件与fishDrawable类进行关联

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {@Overrideprotected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);//建立关联ImageView fishView = findViewById(R.id.iv_fish);fishView.setImageDrawable(new fishDrawable());}
}

二.具体实操

参考比例

分解图

注意：由于代码添加并不是非常的规律，所以有时可能会忽略非常小一部分代码。但是大家不用担心，在这篇文章的最后我会把完整代码展示，并且会将项目上传到github，并给出链接

1.其余三个方法进行套公式

除了draw，其余三个方法都是比较固定的写法

2.新增两个方法，固定大小

细心的朋友们可能发现了，我们一开始在XML中设置ImageView的大小的时候都是Wrap_Content，那总得固定一个默认大小吧，所以这两个方法就用上了
(HEAD_RADIUS为鱼头的圆的半径）

3.进行一些初始化

public class fishDrawable extends Drawable {//创建路径和画笔private Path mPath;private Paint mPaint;//设置画笔的透明度private int OTHER_ALPHA = 110;//设置鱼头的圆的大小private float HEAD_RADIUS = 100;fishDrawable(){init();}//初始化private void init() {mPath = new Path();mPaint = new Paint();mPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL);//抗锯齿mPaint.setAntiAlias(true);//防抖动mPaint.setDither(true);//设置颜色mPaint.setARGB(OTHER_ALPHA,244,92,71);}@Overridepublic void draw(@NonNull Canvas canvas) {}//下面三个方法一般为固定写法@Overridepublic void setAlpha(int alpha) {mPaint.setAlpha(alpha);}@Overridepublic void setColorFilter(@Nullable ColorFilter colorFilter) {mPaint.setColorFilter(colorFilter);}@Overridepublic int getOpacity() {return PixelFormat.TRANSLUCENT;}@Overridepublic int getIntrinsicWidth() {//设置宽度return (int) (8.38 * HEAD_RADIUS);}@Overridepublic int getIntrinsicHeight() {//设置高度return (int) (8.38 * HEAD_RADIUS);}
}

4.确定鱼的重心(PointF)

这里我们中心和重心就不进行区分了，就通俗理解为鱼的中心点那个位置。鱼头的中心点是以鱼中心点为参考进行绘制的。

 //保存鱼的重心private PointF middlePoint;fishDrawable(){init();}//初始化private void init() {mPath = new Path();mPaint = new Paint();mPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL);//抗锯齿mPaint.setAntiAlias(true);//防抖动mPaint.setDither(true);//设置颜色mPaint.setARGB(OTHER_ALPHA,244,92,71);//确定鱼的重心middlePoint = new PointF(4.19f * HEAD_RADIUS,4.19F * HEAD_RADIUS);}

5.写出核心求坐标算法

此算法为后面所有算法的基础。利用数学知识，此算法的思想是，

根据一个点的坐标，以及另外一个点到这个点的连线与X轴夹角，以及这条连线的长度，求出另外一个点的坐标。（数学知识，三角函数）

可能光说就有些抽象，我们看下面的图

比如我们知道a点，知道ab这条直线的长度，知道角α的大小，就可以求出b点的坐标。这样说大家应该就理解了。
比如这里面求b的坐标

b点的横坐标就是
a.x+ab*cosα
b点的纵坐标就是
a.y+ab*sinα
OK，知道了原理，我们就开始写这个算法

 private PointF calculatePoint(PointF startPoint,float length,float angle){//x坐标的一部分float deltaX = (float) (Math.cos(Math.toRadians(angle))*length);//y坐标的一部分float deltaY = (float) Math.sin(Math.toRadians(angle - 180))*length;return new PointF(startPoint.x + deltaX,startPoint.y + deltaY);}

注意：
①Math.toRadians是把角度换算为弧度，因为Math.sin/cos的参数是接收弧度的。
②由于安卓坐标系和数学坐标系的y轴正好相反，所以这里的求y坐标时要-180度，以达到正好相反的效果

6.利用鱼中心坐标计算鱼头圆心坐标

 @Overridepublic void draw(@NonNull Canvas canvas) {//鱼的朝向float fishAngle = fishMainAngle;//计算鱼头的圆心坐标PointF headPoint = calculatePoint(middlePoint,BODY_RADIUS/2,fishAngle);//画鱼头的圆canvas.drawCircle(headPoint.x,headPoint.y,HEAD_RADIUS,mPaint);}

效果如下

7.画鱼鳍

     //设置鱼鳍边界点和鱼头中心点的距离private float FIND_FINS_LENGTH = 0.9f * HEAD_RADIUS;//鱼鳍长度private float FINS_LENGTH = 1.3f * HEAD_RADIUS;@Overridepublic void draw(@NonNull Canvas canvas) {//画右鱼鳍PointF rightFinsPoint = calculatePoint(headPoint,FIND_FINS_LENGTH,fishAngle - 100);makeFins(canvas,rightFinsPoint,fishAngle,true);//画左鱼鳍PointF leftFinsPoint = calculatePoint(headPoint,FIND_FINS_LENGTH,fishAngle + 100);makeFins(canvas,leftFinsPoint,fishAngle,false);}

画鱼鳍的算法

private void makeFins(Canvas canvas, PointF startFinsPoint, float fishAngle,boolean isRight) {//设置二阶贝塞尔曲线控制点的角度float controlAngle = 110;//通过看示意图得知，它要比上面那个110要大//求出右鱼鳍终点的坐标点PointF endFinsPoint = calculatePoint(startFinsPoint,FINS_LENGTH,fishAngle - 180);//求出控制点的坐标PointF controlPoint = calculatePoint(startFinsPoint,FINS_LENGTH * 1.8f,isRight ? fishAngle - controlAngle : fishAngle + controlAngle);//画线mPath.reset();//首先别忘了resetmPath.moveTo(startFinsPoint.x,startFinsPoint.y);mPath.quadTo(controlPoint.x,controlPoint.y,endFinsPoint.x,endFinsPoint.y);canvas.drawPath(mPath,mPaint);
}

效果

8.画鱼节肢

 //大圆的半径private float BIG_CIRCLE_RADIUS = 0.7f * HEAD_RADIUS;//中圆的半径private float MIDDLE_CIRCLE_RADIUS = 0.6f * BIG_CIRCLE_RADIUS;//小圆的半径private float SMALL_CIRCLE_RADIUS = 0.4f * MIDDLE_CIRCLE_RADIUS;//寻找尾部中圆圆心的线长private final float FIND_MIDDLE_CIRCLE_LENGTH = BIG_CIRCLE_RADIUS * (0.6f + 1);//寻找尾部小圆圆心的线长private final float FIND_SMALL_CIRCLE_LENGTH = MIDDLE_CIRCLE_RADIUS * (0.4f + 2.7f);@Overridepublic void draw(@NonNull Canvas canvas) {//画节肢1//首先找到鱼身体底部的中心点PointF bodyBottomCenterPoint = calculatePoint(headPoint,BODY_LENGTH,fishAngle-180);PointF middleCirclePoint = makeSegment(canvas,bodyBottomCenterPoint,MIDDLE_CIRCLE_RADIUS,BIG_CIRCLE_RADIUS,FIND_MIDDLE_CIRCLE_LENGTH,fishAngle,true);//画节肢2makeSegment(canvas,middleCirclePoint,SMALL_CIRCLE_RADIUS,MIDDLE_CIRCLE_RADIUS,FIND_SMALL_CIRCLE_LENGTH,fishAngle,false);}

画节肢算法

private PointF makeSegment(Canvas canvas, PointF bottomCenterPoint,float smallRadius,float bigRadius,float findSmallCircleLength, float fishAngle,boolean hasBigCircle) {//根据梯形下底中心点的坐标，求出上底中心点的坐标PointF upperCenterPoint = calculatePoint(bottomCenterPoint,findSmallCircleLength,fishAngle-180);//求出梯形四个顶点的坐标PointF bottomLeftPoint = calculatePoint(bottomCenterPoint,bigRadius,fishAngle + 90);PointF bottomRightPoint = calculatePoint(bottomCenterPoint,bigRadius,fishAngle - 90);PointF upperLeftPoint = calculatePoint(upperCenterPoint,smallRadius,fishAngle + 90);PointF upperRightPoint = calculatePoint(upperCenterPoint,smallRadius,fishAngle - 90);//画大圆和中圆//大圆只有在节肢1的时候才会画if(hasBigCircle){canvas.drawCircle(bottomCenterPoint.x,bottomCenterPoint.y, bigRadius,mPaint);}canvas.drawCircle(upperCenterPoint.x,upperCenterPoint.y,smallRadius,mPaint);//画梯形mPath.reset();mPath.moveTo(bottomLeftPoint.x,bottomLeftPoint.y);mPath.lineTo(bottomRightPoint.x,bottomRightPoint.y);mPath.lineTo(upperRightPoint.x,upperRightPoint.y);mPath.lineTo(upperLeftPoint.x,upperLeftPoint.y);canvas.drawPath(mPath,mPaint);//将中圆的圆心坐标返回return upperCenterPoint;}

效果展示

9.画底边三角形

//寻找大三角形底边中心点的线长
private final float FIND_TRIANGLE_LENGTH = MIDDLE_CIRCLE_RADIUS * 2.7f;
//画底边三角形
@Override
public void draw(@NonNull Canvas canvas) {//画底边三角形
makeTriangle(canvas,middleCirclePoint,FIND_TRIANGLE_LENGTH,BIG_CIRCLE_RADIUS,fishAngle);
makeTriangle(canvas,middleCirclePoint,FIND_TRIANGLE_LENGTH-20,BIG_CIRCLE_RADIUS - 10,fishAngle);
}

画三角形的算法

private void makeTriangle(Canvas canvas, PointF middleCirclePoint, float findCenterLength,float halfFdge,float fishAngle) {//首先得到三角形底边中点坐标PointF triangleBottomPoint = calculatePoint(middleCirclePoint,findCenterLength,fishAngle + 180);//然后计算三角形各个顶点的坐标PointF leftPoint = calculatePoint(triangleBottomPoint,halfFdge,fishAngle + 90);PointF rightPoint = calculatePoint(triangleBottomPoint,halfFdge,fishAngle - 90);//画线mPath.reset();mPath.moveTo(middleCirclePoint.x,middleCirclePoint.y);mPath.lineTo(leftPoint.x,leftPoint.y);mPath.lineTo(rightPoint.x,rightPoint.y);canvas.drawPath(mPath,mPaint);
}

效果展示

10.画身体

 @Overridepublic void draw(@NonNull Canvas canvas) {//画身体makeBody(canvas,headPoint,bodyBottomCenterPoint,fishAngle);}

画身体的算法

private void makeBody(Canvas canvas, PointF headPoint, PointF bodyBottomCenterPoint, float fishAngle) {//首先得到身体的四个顶点PointF topLeftPoint = calculatePoint(headPoint,HEAD_RADIUS,fishAngle + 90);PointF topRightPoint = calculatePoint(headPoint,HEAD_RADIUS,fishAngle - 90);PointF bottomLeftPoint = calculatePoint(bodyBottomCenterPoint,BIG_CIRCLE_RADIUS,fishAngle + 90);PointF bottomRightPoint = calculatePoint(bodyBottomCenterPoint,BIG_CIRCLE_RADIUS,fishAngle - 90);//然后得到控制点的坐标PointF controlLeft = calculatePoint(headPoint,BODY_LENGTH*0.56F,fishAngle + 130);PointF controlRight = calculatePoint(headPoint,BODY_LENGTH*0.56F,fishAngle - 130);mPath.reset();mPath.moveTo(topLeftPoint.x,topLeftPoint.y);mPath.lineTo(topRightPoint.x,topRightPoint.y);mPath.quadTo(controlRight.x,controlRight.y,bottomRightPoint.x,bottomRightPoint.y);mPath.lineTo(bottomLeftPoint.x,bottomLeftPoint.y);mPath.quadTo(controlLeft.x,controlLeft.y,topLeftPoint.x,topLeftPoint.y);canvas.drawPath(mPath,mPaint);
}

效果展示

全部代码

public class fishDrawable extends Drawable {//创建路径和画笔private Path mPath;private Paint mPaint;//设置画笔的透明度private int OTHER_ALPHA = 110;//保存鱼的重心private PointF middlePoint;//设置鱼的主要角度，与X轴的夹角private float fishMainAngle = 0;/*** 与鱼的长度有关的所有值*///设置鱼头的圆的大小private float HEAD_RADIUS = 100f;//设置鱼身的大小private float BODY_LENGTH = 3.2f*HEAD_RADIUS;//设置鱼鳍边界点和鱼头中心点的距离private float FIND_FINS_LENGTH = 0.9f * HEAD_RADIUS;//鱼鳍长度private float FINS_LENGTH = 1.3f * HEAD_RADIUS;//大圆的半径private float BIG_CIRCLE_RADIUS = 0.7f * HEAD_RADIUS;//中圆的半径private float MIDDLE_CIRCLE_RADIUS = 0.6f * BIG_CIRCLE_RADIUS;//小圆的半径private float SMALL_CIRCLE_RADIUS = 0.4f * MIDDLE_CIRCLE_RADIUS;//寻找尾部中圆圆心的线长private final float FIND_MIDDLE_CIRCLE_LENGTH = BIG_CIRCLE_RADIUS * (0.6f + 1);//寻找尾部小圆圆心的线长private final float FIND_SMALL_CIRCLE_LENGTH = MIDDLE_CIRCLE_RADIUS * (0.4f + 2.7f);//寻找大三角形底边中心点的线长private final float FIND_TRIANGLE_LENGTH = MIDDLE_CIRCLE_RADIUS * 2.7f;fishDrawable(){init();}//初始化private void init() {mPath = new Path();mPaint = new Paint();mPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL);//抗锯齿mPaint.setAntiAlias(true);//防抖动mPaint.setDither(true);//设置颜色mPaint.setARGB(OTHER_ALPHA,244,92,71);middlePoint = new PointF(4.19f * HEAD_RADIUS,4.19F * HEAD_RADIUS);}@Overridepublic void draw(@NonNull Canvas canvas) {//鱼的朝向float fishAngle = fishMainAngle;//计算鱼头的圆心坐标PointF headPoint = calculatePoint(middlePoint,BODY_LENGTH/2,fishAngle);//画鱼头的圆canvas.drawCircle(headPoint.x,headPoint.y,HEAD_RADIUS,mPaint);//画右鱼鳍PointF rightFinsPoint = calculatePoint(headPoint,FIND_FINS_LENGTH,fishAngle - 100);makeFins(canvas,rightFinsPoint,fishAngle,true);//画左鱼鳍PointF leftFinsPoint = calculatePoint(headPoint,FIND_FINS_LENGTH,fishAngle + 100);makeFins(canvas,leftFinsPoint,fishAngle,false);//画节肢1//首先找到鱼身体底部的中心点PointF bodyBottomCenterPoint = calculatePoint(headPoint,BODY_LENGTH,fishAngle-180);PointF middleCirclePoint = makeSegment(canvas,bodyBottomCenterPoint,MIDDLE_CIRCLE_RADIUS,BIG_CIRCLE_RADIUS,FIND_MIDDLE_CIRCLE_LENGTH,fishAngle,true);//画节肢2makeSegment(canvas,middleCirclePoint,SMALL_CIRCLE_RADIUS,MIDDLE_CIRCLE_RADIUS,FIND_SMALL_CIRCLE_LENGTH,fishAngle,false);//画底边三角形makeTriangle(canvas,middleCirclePoint,FIND_TRIANGLE_LENGTH,BIG_CIRCLE_RADIUS,fishAngle);makeTriangle(canvas,middleCirclePoint,FIND_TRIANGLE_LENGTH-20,BIG_CIRCLE_RADIUS - 10,fishAngle);//画身体makeBody(canvas,headPoint,bodyBottomCenterPoint,fishAngle);}private void makeBody(Canvas canvas, PointF headPoint, PointF bodyBottomCenterPoint, float fishAngle) {//首先得到身体的四个顶点PointF topLeftPoint = calculatePoint(headPoint,HEAD_RADIUS,fishAngle + 90);PointF topRightPoint = calculatePoint(headPoint,HEAD_RADIUS,fishAngle - 90);PointF bottomLeftPoint = calculatePoint(bodyBottomCenterPoint,BIG_CIRCLE_RADIUS,fishAngle + 90);PointF bottomRightPoint = calculatePoint(bodyBottomCenterPoint,BIG_CIRCLE_RADIUS,fishAngle - 90);//然后得到控制点的坐标PointF controlLeft = calculatePoint(headPoint,BODY_LENGTH*0.56F,fishAngle + 130);PointF controlRight = calculatePoint(headPoint,BODY_LENGTH*0.56F,fishAngle - 130);mPath.reset();mPath.moveTo(topLeftPoint.x,topLeftPoint.y);mPath.lineTo(topRightPoint.x,topRightPoint.y);mPath.quadTo(controlRight.x,controlRight.y,bottomRightPoint.x,bottomRightPoint.y);mPath.lineTo(bottomLeftPoint.x,bottomLeftPoint.y);mPath.quadTo(controlLeft.x,controlLeft.y,topLeftPoint.x,topLeftPoint.y);canvas.drawPath(mPath,mPaint);}private void makeTriangle(Canvas canvas, PointF middleCirclePoint, float findCenterLength,float halfFdge,float fishAngle) {//首先得到三角形底边中点坐标PointF triangleBottomPoint = calculatePoint(middleCirclePoint,findCenterLength,fishAngle + 180);//然后计算三角形各个顶点的坐标PointF leftPoint = calculatePoint(triangleBottomPoint,halfFdge,fishAngle + 90);PointF rightPoint = calculatePoint(triangleBottomPoint,halfFdge,fishAngle - 90);//画线mPath.reset();mPath.moveTo(middleCirclePoint.x,middleCirclePoint.y);mPath.lineTo(leftPoint.x,leftPoint.y);mPath.lineTo(rightPoint.x,rightPoint.y);canvas.drawPath(mPath,mPaint);}private PointF makeSegment(Canvas canvas, PointF bottomCenterPoint,float smallRadius,float bigRadius,float findSmallCircleLength, float fishAngle,boolean hasBigCircle) {//根据梯形下底中心点的坐标，求出上底中心点的坐标PointF upperCenterPoint = calculatePoint(bottomCenterPoint,findSmallCircleLength,fishAngle-180);//求出梯形四个顶点的坐标PointF bottomLeftPoint = calculatePoint(bottomCenterPoint,bigRadius,fishAngle + 90);PointF bottomRightPoint = calculatePoint(bottomCenterPoint,bigRadius,fishAngle - 90);PointF upperLeftPoint = calculatePoint(upperCenterPoint,smallRadius,fishAngle + 90);PointF upperRightPoint = calculatePoint(upperCenterPoint,smallRadius,fishAngle - 90);//画大圆和中圆//大圆只有在节肢1的时候才会画if(hasBigCircle){canvas.drawCircle(bottomCenterPoint.x,bottomCenterPoint.y, bigRadius,mPaint);}canvas.drawCircle(upperCenterPoint.x,upperCenterPoint.y,smallRadius,mPaint);//画梯形mPath.reset();mPath.moveTo(bottomLeftPoint.x,bottomLeftPoint.y);mPath.lineTo(bottomRightPoint.x,bottomRightPoint.y);mPath.lineTo(upperRightPoint.x,upperRightPoint.y);mPath.lineTo(upperLeftPoint.x,upperLeftPoint.y);canvas.drawPath(mPath,mPaint);//将中圆的圆心坐标返回return upperCenterPoint;}private void makeFins(Canvas canvas, PointF startFinsPoint, float fishAngle,boolean isRight) {//设置二阶贝塞尔曲线控制点的角度float controlAngle = 110;//通过看示意图得知，它要比上面那个110要大//求出右鱼鳍终点的坐标点PointF endFinsPoint = calculatePoint(startFinsPoint,FINS_LENGTH,fishAngle - 180);//求出控制点的坐标PointF controlPoint = calculatePoint(startFinsPoint,FINS_LENGTH * 1.8f,isRight ? fishAngle - controlAngle : fishAngle + controlAngle);//画线mPath.reset();//首先别忘了resetmPath.moveTo(startFinsPoint.x,startFinsPoint.y);mPath.quadTo(controlPoint.x,controlPoint.y,endFinsPoint.x,endFinsPoint.y);canvas.drawPath(mPath,mPaint);}private PointF calculatePoint(PointF startPoint,float length,float angle){//x坐标的一部分float deltaX = (float) (Math.cos(Math.toRadians(angle))*length);//y坐标的一部分float deltaY = (float) Math.sin(Math.toRadians(angle - 180))*length;return new PointF(startPoint.x + deltaX,startPoint.y + deltaY);}//下面三个方法一般为固定写法@Overridepublic void setAlpha(int alpha) {mPaint.setAlpha(alpha);}@Overridepublic void setColorFilter(@Nullable ColorFilter colorFilter) {mPaint.setColorFilter(colorFilter);}@Overridepublic int getOpacity() {return PixelFormat.TRANSLUCENT;}//设置宽度和高度@Overridepublic int getIntrinsicWidth() {return (int) (8.38 * HEAD_RADIUS);}@Overridepublic int getIntrinsicHeight() {return (int) (8.38 * HEAD_RADIUS);}
}

三.总结

感觉逻辑上并没有什么难度，难的在于点与点之间长度大小的确定和度数的确定。这个需要不断的去调试来看效果。我这边就直接给出现成的结果了。
再一个是从画各种身体部位的算法中，要学会一些设计算法的思想。比如要提高方法的复用性，可以加一个boolean型的参数，如果是右肢就传入true，进行相关操作，如果是左肢就传入false，然后再进行相关操作。而进行的这个相关操作很多都是一样的，不一样的地方就是靠这个boolean值来进行区分的。

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从0开始搞一个锦鲤游动——画锦鲤

首先大家可以看一下这个鱼的图案

一.前期准备

1.新建一个项目

2.将MainActivity的XML文件写成

3.新建fishDrawable类，继承Drawable

4.在MainActivity中将ImageView控件与fishDrawable类进行关联

二.具体实操

参考比例

分解图

1.其余三个方法进行套公式

2.新增两个方法，固定大小

3.进行一些初始化

4.确定鱼的重心(PointF)

5.写出核心求坐标算法

6.利用鱼中心坐标计算鱼头圆心坐标

7.画鱼鳍

8.画鱼节肢

9.画底边三角形

10.画身体

全部代码

三.总结

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