REVIEWS IN BASIC AND CLINICAL

GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY

Robert F.Schwabe and John W.Wiley,Section Editors

Maryland;?Department of Denmark

reviews or commentaries;4536were related to cancer and 482were speci?c to liver diseases,including liver cancers (Figure 1).There has been exponential growth in the number of miRNA articles related to cancer since 2002.The discovery of miRNAs has increased our under-standing of the posttranscriptional regulation of genes and how this process contributes to development of can-cer.More than 50%of genes that encode miRNAs are located at fragile sites or in cancer-associated regions of the genome,indicating that miRNAs are cancer related

or therapeutic tar-cancer analyzed has of miRNAs.These understanding of the and provide tools for di-characterized and ba-cleavage,export,and interaction with Modi?cation of any to development of liver (Figure 2).Brie?y,by RNA polymerase II processed either via a Drosha-DGCR8com-by the spliceo-precursors called pre-from the nucleus Exportin-5and Ran-processed by Dicer into of mature miRNA and miRNAs.

onto the RNA-in-and guided to their with members of the or Ago2,to form RISCs Gene expression via several mech-translational re-undiscovered processes.of miRNA-mRNA,could reduce or It is not clear how miRNAs incorporate into RISCs and form complexes with

Abbreviations used in this paper:ALD,alcoholic liver disease;HNF,hepatocyte nuclear factor;LNA,locked nucleic acid;miRNA,microRNA;miRNP,protein-microRNA complex;NAFLD,nonalcoholic fatty liver disease;qRT-PCR,quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction;RISC,RNA-induced silencing complex;siRNA,small inhibitory RNA;TNF,tumor necrosis factor.

?2012by the AGA Institute 0016-5085/$36.00

http://www.doczj.com/doc/2510591976a20029bc642d59.html/10.1053/j.gastro.2012.04.007

GASTROENTEROLOGY 2012;xx:xxx

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