使用Nginx+Unicorn+Capistrano+Sinatra搭建Ruby Web应用

记录一下使用如下工具搭建一个简单的Ruby Web应用的过程：

工具集：

Nginx — 前端服务器
Unicorn — 应用容器
Capistrano — 自动部署工具
Sinatra — 极轻量级Web框架

步骤：

使用Sinatra提供的DSL编写一个能够运行的最小化web应用：

# Gemfile
source 'http://ruby.taobao.org/'
gem 'sinatra'

# app.rb
require 'sinatra'get '/' do'Hello world'
end

使用bundle exec ruby app.rb检验应用是否能正常运行：

twer@app$ bundle exec ruby app.rb
[2014-02-06 03:06:59] INFO  WEBrick 1.3.1
[2014-02-06 03:06:59] INFO  ruby 1.9.3 (2013-11-22) [x86_64-darwin13.0.0]
== Sinatra/1.4.4 has taken the stage on 4567 for development with backup from WEBrick
[2014-02-06 03:06:59] INFO  WEBrick::HTTPServer#start: pid=62687 port=4567

访问http://localhost:4567应该能得到’Hello world’的响应

现在将其整理为Rack-based app：

# app.rb
require 'sinatra'class App < Sinatra::Baseget '/' do'Hello world'end
end

# config.ru
root = ::File.dirname(__FILE__)
require ::File.join(root, 'app')run App

使用rackup -p1818检验应用是否能正常运行：

twer@app$ rackup -p1818
Thin web server (v1.6.1 codename Death Proof)
Maximum connections set to 1024
Listening on 0.0.0.0:1818, CTRL+C to stop

访问http://localhost:1818应该能得到’Hello world’的响应

引入unicorn和capistrano配置：

# Gemfile
source 'http://ruby.taobao.org/'
gem 'sinatra'
gem 'unicorn'
gem 'capistrano', '~> 2.15.5'
gem 'rvm-capistrano'

使用bundle install安装相应的gem包后，运行capify .生成部署所需的配置文件：

twer@app$ capify .
[add] writing './Capfile'
[add] making directory './config'
[add] writing './config/deploy.rb'
[done] capified!

配置config/deploy.rb，注意git仓库地址的配置，以及阿里云服务器ip地址及用户名的配置：

# config/deploy.rb
require 'rvm/capistrano'
set :rvm_ruby_string, '1.9.3'
set :rvm_type, :system# Bundler tasks
require 'bundler/capistrano'# Your application name
set :application, 'my-ruby-web-demo'# Input your git repository address
set :repository,  'git@github.com:tongzh/my-ruby-web-demo.git'set :scm, :git# do not use sudo
set :use_sudo, false
set(:run_method) { use_sudo ? :sudo : :run }# This is needed to correctly handle sudo password prompt
default_run_options[:pty] = true# Input your username to login remote server address
set :user, 'root'
set :group, user
set :runner, user# Input your server address
set :host, "#{user}@115.28.137.21"
role :web, host
role :app, hostset :rails_env, :production# Where will it be located on a server?
set :deploy_to, "/srv/#{application}"
set :unicorn_conf, "#{deploy_to}/current/config/unicorn.rb"
set :unicorn_pid, "#{deploy_to}/shared/pids/unicorn.pid"# Unicorn control tasks
namespace :deploy dotask :restart dorun "if [ -f #{unicorn_pid} ]; then kill -USR2 `cat #{unicorn_pid}`; else cd #{deploy_to}/current && bundle exec unicorn -c #{unicorn_conf} -E #{rails_env} -D; fi"endtask :start dorun "cd #{deploy_to}/current && bundle exec unicorn -c #{unicorn_conf} -E #{rails_env} -D"endtask :stop dorun "if [ -f #{unicorn_pid} ]; then kill -QUIT `cat #{unicorn_pid}`; fi"end
end

新建config/unicorn.rb文件，对unicorn进行配置：

# config/unicorn.rb
deploy_to = '/srv/my-ruby-web-demo'
rails_root = "#{deploy_to}/current"
pid_file = "#{deploy_to}/shared/pids/unicorn.pid"
socket_file= "#{deploy_to}/shared/unicorn.sock"
log_file = "#{rails_root}/log/unicorn.log"
err_log = "#{rails_root}/log/unicorn_error.log"
old_pid = pid_file + '.oldbin'timeout 30
worker_processes 2 # increase or decrease
listen socket_file, :backlog => 1024pid pid_file
stderr_path err_log
stdout_path log_file# make forks faster
preload_app true# make sure that Bundler finds the Gemfile
before_exec do |server|ENV['BUNDLE_GEMFILE'] = File.expand_path('../Gemfile', File.dirname(__FILE__))
endbefore_fork do |server, worker|defined?(ActiveRecord::Base) andActiveRecord::Base.connection.disconnect!# zero downtime deploy magic:# if unicorn is already running, ask it to start a new process and quit.if File.exists?(old_pid) && server.pid != old_pidbeginProcess.kill("QUIT", File.read(old_pid).to_i)rescue Errno::ENOENT, Errno::ESRCH# someone else did our job for usendend
endafter_fork do |server, worker|# re-establish activerecord connections.defined?(ActiveRecord::Base) andActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection
end

然后push代码到git仓库。

在正式进行部署前，ssh登录到远程主机上依次安装所需的软件环境：
- 安装RVM和Ruby
- 安装git
- 添加github ssh key

依次使用cap deploy:setup和cap deploy命令进行部署：

twer@app<master>$ cap deploy:setuptriggering load callbacks* 2014-02-06 21:13:12 executing `deploy:setup'* executing "mkdir -p /srv/my-ruby-web-demo /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/releases /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/shared /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/shared/system /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/shared/log /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/shared/pids"servers: ["115.28.137.21"]
Password: [root@115.28.137.21] executing commandcommand finished in 647ms* executing "chmod g+w /srv/my-ruby-web-demo /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/releases /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/shared /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/shared/system /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/shared/log /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/shared/pids"servers: ["115.28.137.21"][root@115.28.137.21] executing commandcommand finished in 644ms

twer@app<master>$ cap deploytriggering load callbacks* 2014-02-06 21:20:06 executing `deploy'* 2014-02-06 21:20:06 executing `deploy:update'** transaction: start* 2014-02-06 21:20:06 executing `deploy:update_code'executing locally: "git ls-remote git@github.com:tongzh/my-ruby-web-demo.git HEAD"command finished in 7722ms* executing "git clone -q git@github.com:tongzh/my-ruby-web-demo.git /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/releases/20140206102014 && cd /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/releases/20140206102014 && git checkout -q -b deploy 0de5794f2d7e13af76e671df6a7796c676e88e2b && (echo 0de5794f2d7e13af76e671df6a7796c676e88e2b > /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/releases/20140206102014/REVISION)"servers: ["115.28.137.21"]
Password: [root@115.28.137.21] executing commandcommand finished in 4891ms* 2014-02-06 21:20:25 executing `deploy:finalize_update'triggering before callbacks for `deploy:finalize_update'* 2014-02-06 21:20:25 executing `bundle:install'* executing "cd /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/releases/20140206102014 && bundle install --gemfile /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/releases/20140206102014/Gemfile --path /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/shared/bundle --deployment --quiet --without development test"servers: ["115.28.137.21"][root@115.28.137.21] executing commandcommand finished in 45056ms* executing "chmod -R -- g+w /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/releases/20140206102014 && rm -rf -- /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/releases/20140206102014/public/system && mkdir -p -- /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/releases/20140206102014/public/ && ln -s -- /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/shared/system /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/releases/20140206102014/public/system && rm -rf -- /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/releases/20140206102014/log && ln -s -- /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/shared/log /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/releases/20140206102014/log && rm -rf -- /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/releases/20140206102014/tmp/pids && mkdir -p -- /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/releases/20140206102014/tmp/ && ln -s -- /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/shared/pids /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/releases/20140206102014/tmp/pids"servers: ["115.28.137.21"][root@115.28.137.21] executing commandcommand finished in 692ms* executing "find /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/releases/20140206102014/public/images /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/releases/20140206102014/public/stylesheets /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/releases/20140206102014/public/javascripts -exec touch -t 201402061021.11 -- {} ';'; true"servers: ["115.28.137.21"][root@115.28.137.21] executing command** [out :: root@115.28.137.21] find: `/srv/my-ruby-web-demo/releases/20140206102014/public/images': No such file or directory** [out :: root@115.28.137.21] find: `/srv/my-ruby-web-demo/releases/20140206102014/public/stylesheets': No such file or directory** [out :: root@115.28.137.21] find: `/srv/my-ruby-web-demo/releases/20140206102014/public/javascripts': No such file or directorycommand finished in 655ms* 2014-02-06 21:21:12 executing `deploy:create_symlink'* executing "rm -f /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/current &&  ln -s /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/releases/20140206102014 /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/current"servers: ["115.28.137.21"][root@115.28.137.21] executing commandcommand finished in 702ms** transaction: commit* 2014-02-06 21:21:12 executing `deploy:restart'* executing "if [ -f /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/shared/pids/unicorn.pid ]; then kill -USR2 `cat /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/shared/pids/unicorn.pid`; else cd /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/current && bundle exec unicorn -c /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/current/config/unicorn.rb -E production -D; fi"servers: ["115.28.137.21"][root@115.28.137.21] executing commandcommand finished in 1633ms

确保以上操作无异常输出，然后登录到远程主机上查看应用是否已正常装载到unicorn进程中：

root@~$ ps aux | grep my-ruby-web-demo
root     20071  0.0  7.3 218396 37016 ?        Sl   21:21   0:00 unicorn master -c /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/current/config/unicorn.rb -E production -D
root     20074  0.0  7.2 218396 36476 ?        Sl   21:21   0:00 unicorn worker[0] -c /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/current/config/unicorn.rb -E production -D
root     20076  0.0  7.2 218396 36476 ?        Sl   21:21   0:00 unicorn worker[1] -c /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/current/config/unicorn.rb -E production -D
root     20141  0.0  0.1 103208   824 pts/1    S+   21:23   0:00 grep my-ruby-web-demo

在远程主机上安装nginx，并在nginx配置中增添一个反向代理配置，将请求分发给应用所在的unicorn进程：

# /etc/nginx/default.conf
upstream my-ruby-web-demo-unicorn {server unix:/srv/my-ruby-web-demo/shared/unicorn.sock fail_timeout=0;
}server {listen       80;server_name  localhost;root /srv/my-ruby-web-demo/current/public;location / {try_files $uri @net;}location @net {proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;proxy_set_header Host $http_host;proxy_redirect off;proxy_pass http://my-ruby-web-demo-unicorn;}error_page  404              /404.html;# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.htmlerror_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;location = /50x.html {root   /usr/share/nginx/html;}
}

在远程主机上重启nginx：service nginx restart，之后通过远程主机的ip就可以访问到所部署的应用程序的’Hello world’响应了。

参考：

Deploying With Sinatra + Capistrano + Unicorn
Capistrano + Nginx + Unicorn + Sinatra on Ubuntu

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使用Nginx+Unicorn+Capistrano+Sinatra搭建Ruby Web应用

工具集：

步骤：

参考：

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