英语口语(英语流利说)笔记

连读

1. 辅音与元音的连读

son-of-a bitch 婊子养的
not-at-all 根本不
call-it-a day 到此为止,就这样吧

2. 元音和元音的连读

How-are you
/u/+/a/ >>>>>> wa

Go-away
/u/+/ə/

3. 辅单与辅音的连读

Fuck-you
/fʌk/ /ju/

Love-you
/lʌv/ /ju/

/j/ 半元音

/ju/ 叶 + 屋 = 优

/d/ + /j/ 不是跌是掘

would-you 吾就 could-you 苦就 and-you 安就

/t/ + /j/ 不是贴是切

about-you last-year

/s/ + /j/ 不是塞是斯

six-years old

失爆

以6个爆破音
/p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /g/
结尾的单词在读时会失去爆破音
它们在发音时喷出气流,失爆会省点力气,失爆是因为 “懒”

sit down
blackboard
Bed and Breakfast (bnb) and 失爆后发音接近 n

nothing to tell
just some guy
going out with

连读 or 失爆

看词结尾爆破音能不能和后面词的开头怼上
能怼上就连读: look-after
怼不上就失爆: out-there

弱读

How do you do?
How are you doing?

Cows / eat / grass.
The cows / eat / the grass.
The cows / are eating / the grass.
The cows / have been eating / the grass.

英文
stress-timed language
重音计时的语言

中文
syllable-timed language
音节计时的语言

弱读虚词

冠词: the
助动词: are / have been

重读实词

名词: cows / grass
动词: eat
否定式: won’t / can’t / isn’t

I’m just so angry!

I need to go to Walmart today. Do you want to come?
No, I don’t think so. I’ve got a lot of work to do.
Do you want me to get you anything there?
Well, if you don’t mind, I could use some socks.

强调

to 弱读成 ‘特’
need to go to Walmart
got a lot of work to do
否定词要重读
I don’t think so
if you don’t mind

总结

英语的节奏感体现在重读和弱读
Cows eat grass
一句话中需要弱读虚词, 重读实词
虚词: 冠词, 介词, 代词, 连词, 助动词, 情态动词
实词: 动词, 名词, 形容词, 副词, 否定式

wanna & gonna

Don’t Wanna Know
wanna = want to
gonna = going to

弱读 != 读的声音轻/模糊

强读式 & 弱读式

弱读原则一: 元音不饱满

元音都要弱化成 /ə/
如 to /tu/ >>> /tə/

a /ei/ 弱读成 /ə/
I have a pen.
an /æn/ 弱读成 /ən/
I have an apple.

/	强读式	弱读式
as	/æz/	/əz/
to	/tu:/	/tə/
for	/fɔ:r/	/fər/
from	/frʌm/	/frəm/

/	强读式	弱读式
but	/bʌt/	/bət/
and	/ænd/	/ənd/ /ən/
that	/ðæt/	/ðət/

/	强读式	弱读式
are	/a:r/	/ər/
was	/wʌz/	/wəz/

/	强读式	弱读式
do	/du:/	/də/
can	/kæn/	/kən/

Please come home as soon as possible
He will come to China
That’s all for today.
Where are you from? I’m from New York.
Anything but that.
Ladies and gentlemen…
I know that he had it.
How are you doing?
I was doing sports at that time.
What do you want?
I can do it!

弱读原则二: /h/音的消失

一些虚词省略辅音/h/

/	强读式	弱读式
he	/hi:/	/i/
him	/him/	/im/
his	/hiz/	/iz/
her	/hɜ:r/	/ər/

He, His, Her在句首不弱读
I know he/i/ doesn’t like him/im/.
That should be his/iz/ mother.
His/hiz/ mother would not have recognized him/im/.

Send her/ər/ away.

/	强读式	弱读式
have	/hæv/	/əv/
has	/hæz/	/əz/
had	/hæd/	/əd/

Our guests have/əv/ arrived.
She has/əz/ come.
Fifty minutes had/əd/ gone by.

总结

元音不饱满, 元音要弱化成 /ə/
to -> /tə/ but -> /bət/ can -> /kən/
/h/音的消失
he, him, his, her

美式发音 vs. 英式发音

区别一: 字母 R 的发音

/	美式	英式
bird	/bɜ:rd/	/bɜ:d/
car	/ka:r/	/ka:/
park	/pa:rk/	/pa:k/

peter
work
center

区别二: 字母 A 的发音

/	美式	英式
class	/kæls/	/kla:s/
fast	/fæst/	/fa:st/
dance	/dæns/	/da:ns/

can’t

例外:
cat father 美英相同

区别三: 字母 O 的发音

hot
美/ha:t/ 英/hɔt/

pot
Potter
honest
coffee

区别四: 字母 ARY 的发音

military
美/eri/ 英/əri/
ordinary
necessary
primary

总结

英美发音的四大区别
[R] [A] [O] [ARY]

印度口音

窍门: T读成D
tech -> dek
talking to you -> dalking do you
take -> dake
thank -> dank

澳洲口音

窍门一: /ei/ -> /ai/
take favorite today
窍门二: /e/ -> /i/
Eminem

Linking

连续/吞音/变音/加音

this afternoon
Have a good night
Good luck on the test
did you -> di jou
don’t you -> don chou

vowel + vowel

y/e +(y)

He (y)asker for permission.
The meeting is the day (y)after tomorrow.
Let’s try (y)again later.
My car is very (y)old.

o + (w)

My car is so (w)old.
11.Kids grow (w)up so quickly.
Do you know (w)anyone that can help?
I wanted to (w)ask if you have time.

deleting ‘t’

consonant + 't ’ + consonant

Her first day of school is tomorrow
I left my key in the car
We are best friends.

deleting ‘t’

n’t ’ + vowel

The patient asked for another pillow.
The accident occurred in the morning
The president announced the tax cuts.

deleting ‘t’

n’d ’ + consonant

Could you hand me that pen?
Please stand back from the yellow line.
We are planning a big weekend project.

Linking same consonant

t + t -> (hold)t

I had a flat tire.

k/c + k/c -> (hold)k/c

The black car is mine.

Linking same affricates

这里的摩擦读音不能够省略,都要读出来
I’ll have some orange juice.
Which chair would you like to sit in?

vowel + t + vowel

t -> d

I 'll pick it up after work.
Take it easy.
She wrote a book about it.
It’s not easy to get up that early.

vowel/m,n,r,l + t = consonant

Pronounce t as a glottal stop

I’ll have some chocolate chip cookies.
I don’t see the problem.
Do you want some tea?
He’s quite different from his brother.