基本用法

与int类似，但是表示的范围比较大

从所具有的API来看，他们的操作完全一样

在python3中没有该类型，只有int类型

>>> a = 12

>>> b = 13L # 使用大小写的L都可以，但是推荐使用大写的L

>>> type(a) # =>

>>> type(b) # =>

# 从下面的对比可以看出int和long的接口是一样的

>>> dir(a)

['__abs__', '__add__', '__and__', '__class__', '__cmp__', '__coerce__',

'__delattr__', '__div__', '__divmod__', '__doc__', '__float__',

'__floordiv__', '__format__', '__getattribute__', '__getnewargs__',

'__hash__', '__hex__', '__index__', '__init__', '__int__',

'__invert__', '__long__', '__lshift__', '__mod__', '__mul__', '__neg__',

'__new__', '__nonzero__', '__oct__', '__or__', '__pos__', '__pow__',

'__radd__', '__rand__', '__rdiv__', '__rdivmod__', '__reduce__',

'__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__rfloordiv__', '__rlshift__',

'__rmod__', '__rmul__', '__ror__', '__rpow__', '__rrshift__',

'__rshift__', '__rsub__', '__rtruediv__', '__rxor__', '__setattr__',

'__sizeof__', '__str__', '__sub__', '__subclasshook__', '__truediv__',

'__trunc__', '__xor__', 'bit_length', 'conjugate', 'denominator',

'imag', 'numerator', 'real']

>>> dir(b)

['__abs__', '__add__', '__and__', '__class__', '__cmp__', '__coerce__',

'__delattr__', '__div__', '__divmod__', '__doc__', '__float__',

'__floordiv__', '__format__', '__getattribute__', '__getnewargs__',

'__hash__', '__hex__', '__index__','__init__', '__int__', '__invert__',

'__long__', '__lshift__', '__mod__', '__mul__', '__neg__',

'__new__', '__nonzero__', '__oct__', '__or__', '__pos__', '__pow__',

'__radd__', '__rand__', '__rdiv__', '__rdivmod__', '__reduce__',

'__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__rfloordiv__', '__rlshift__',

'__rmod__', '__rmul__', '__ror__', '__rpow__', '__rrshift__',

'__rshift__', '__rsub__', '__rtruediv__', '__rxor__', '__setattr__',

'__sizeof__', '__str__', '__sub__', '__subclasshook__', '__truediv__',

'__trunc__', '__xor__', 'bit_length', 'conjugate', 'denominator',

'imag', 'numerator', 'real']

定义长整数

>>> a= 1L # 尾巴上带上大写的L

>>> type(a)

>>> b= 1l # 尾巴上带上小些的l

>>> type(b)

# 当值大于sys.maxint=9223372036854775807时就变成了long型

>>> a = 9223372036854775807

>>> type(a)

>>> a = 9223372036854775808

>>> type(a)

转换成长整数long

long(x=0) -> long

long(x, base=10) -> long

也就是一个构造函数

# 将浮点数转换成long型

>>> c = 12.3

>>> long(c)

12L

# 将字符串转换成long

>>> long("1298")

1298L

>>> long("1298 ") # 带有空格，不是问题

1298L

>>> long("1298 \n") # 带有换行符，不是问题

1298L

>>> long(" 1298 \n")

1298L

# 用4进制来表示为123，所以值为3+2*4+1*4*4=3+8+16=27

>>> long("123", 4)

27L

取绝对值

__abs__()

>>> a # => 12

>>> a.__abs__() # => 12

>>> b = -a

>>> b # => -12

>>> b.__abs__() # => 12

abs()

abs(number) -> number

>>> b # => -12

>>> abs(b) # => 12

求和

__add__()

>>> a # => 12

>>> a.__add__(12) # => 24

+

>>> a # => 12

>>> a + 3 # => 15

求差

__sub__()

>>> a # => 12

>>> a.__sub__(12) # => 0

-

>>> a # => 12

>>> a - 3 # => 9

求积

__mul__()

>>> a # => 12

>>> a.__mul__(3) # => 36

*

>>> a # => 12

>>> a * 3 # => 36

求商

__div__()

>>> a # => 12

>>> a.__div__(3) # => 4

__divmod__()

>>> a # => 12

>>> a.__divmod__(3) # => (4, 0) 商为4，余数为0

/

>>> a # => 12

>>> a / 3 # => 4

求余数

__div__()

>>> a # => 12

>>> a.__div__(3) # => 4

%

>>> a # => 12

>>> a % 3 # => 0

按位与

__and__()

>>> a # => 12

>>> a.__and__(1) # => 0

&

>>> a # => 12

>>> a & 1 # => 0

按位或

__or__()

>>> a # => 12

>>> a.__or__(1) # => 13

|

>>> a # => 12

>>> a | 1 # => 13

按位异或

__xor__()

>>> a # => 12

>>> a.__xor__(1) # => 13

^

>>> a # => 12

>>> a ^ 1 # => 13

占用的长度__sizeof__()

>>> a.__sizeof__() # => 8

移位操作

原来的数据没有改变，只是将新的值返回

左移

<<

>>> a # => 12

>>> a << 1 # => 24

>>> a << 2 # => 48

__lshift__()

>>> a # => 12

>>> a.__lshift__(1) # => 24

>>> a.__lshift__(2) # => 48

右移

>>

>>> a # => 12

>>> a >> 1 # => 6

>>> a >> 2 # => 3

__rshift__()

>>> a # => 12

>>> a.__rshift__(1) # => 6

>>> a.__rshift__(2) # => 3

需要的bit数bit_length()

int.bit_length() -> int

>>> b = 255

>>> b.bit_length() # => 8

>>> b=b+1

>>> b.bit_length() # => 9

>>> b=1

>>> b.bit_length() # => 1

>>> b=2

>>> b.bit_length() # => 2

转换成二进制表示的字符串bin()

bin(number) -> string

>>> b # => 2

>>> bin(b) # => '0b10'

转换成八进制表示的字符串oct()

oct(number) -> string

>>> b=200

>>> oct(b) # => '0o310'

转换成十六进制表示的字符串hex()

hex(number) -> string

>>> b # => 2

>>> hex(b) # => '0x2'

>>>