测试

黑盒测试
- 测试逻辑业务
白盒测试
- 测试逻辑方法
根据测试粒度
- 方法测试：function test
- 单元测试：unit test
- 集成测试：integration test
- 系统测试：system test
根据测试暴力程度
- 冒烟测试：smoke test
- 压力测试：pressure test

单元测试junit

定义一个类继承AndroidTestCase，在类中定义方法，即可测试该方法

在指定指令集时，targetPackage指定你要测试的应用的包名

  <instrumentation android:name="android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner"android:targetPackage="com.itheima.junit"></instrumentation>

定义使用的类库

  <uses-library android:name="android.test.runner"></uses-library>

断言的作用，检测运行结果和预期是否一致
如果应用出现异常，会抛给测试框架

SQLite数据库

轻量级关系型数据库
创建数据库需要使用的api：SQLiteOpenHelper
- 必须定义一个构造方法：
```
  //arg1:数据库文件的名字//arg2:游标工厂//arg3:数据库版本public MyOpenHelper(Context context, String name, CursorFactory factory, int version){}
```
- 数据库被创建时会调用：onCreate方法
- 数据库升级时会调用：onUpgrade方法

创建数据库

//创建OpenHelper对象
MyOpenHelper oh = new MyOpenHelper(getContext(), "person.db", null, 1);
//获得数据库对象,如果数据库不存在，先创建数据库，后获得，如果存在，则直接获得
SQLiteDatabase db = oh.getWritableDatabase();

getWritableDatabase()：打开可读写的数据库
getReadableDatabase()：在磁盘空间不足时打开只读数据库，否则打开可读写数据库

在创建数据库时创建表

  public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {// TODO Auto-generated method stubdb.execSQL("create table person (_id integer primary key autoincrement, name char(10), phone char(20), money integer(20))");}

数据库的增删改查

###SQL语句

insert into person (name, phone, money) values (‘张三’, ‘159874611’, 2000);
delete from person where name = ‘李四’ and _id = 4;
update person set money = 6000 where name = ‘李四’;
select name, phone from person where name = ‘张三’;

执行SQL语句实现增删改查

 //插入db.execSQL("insert into person (name, phone, money) values (?, ?, ?);", new Object[]{"张三", 15987461, 75000});//查找Cursor cs = db.rawQuery("select _id, name, money from person where name = ?;", new String[]{"张三"});

测试方法执行前会调用此方法

  protected void setUp() throws Exception {super.setUp();//                    获取虚拟上下文对象oh = new MyOpenHelper(getContext(), "people.db", null, 1);}

使用api实现增删改查

插入

  //以键值对的形式保存要存入数据库的数据ContentValues cv = new ContentValues();cv.put("name", "刘能");cv.put("phone", 1651646);cv.put("money", 3500);//返回值是改行的主键，如果出错返回-1long i = db.insert("person", null, cv);

删除

  //返回值是删除的行数int i = db.delete("person", "_id = ? and name = ?", new String[]{"1", "张三"});

修改

  ContentValues cv = new ContentValues();cv.put("money", 25000);int i = db.update("person", cv, "name = ?", new String[]{"赵四"});

查询

  //arg1:要查询的字段//arg2：查询条件//arg3:填充查询条件的占位符Cursor cs = db.query("person", new String[]{"name", "money"}, "name = ?", new String[]{"张三"}, null, null, null);while(cs.moveToNext()){//                            获取指定列的索引值String name = cs.getString(cs.getColumnIndex("name"));String money = cs.getString(cs.getColumnIndex("money"));System.out.println(name + ";" + money);}

事务

保证多条SQL语句要么同时成功，要么同时失败
最常见案例：银行转账

事务api

  try {//开启事务db.beginTransaction();...........//设置事务执行成功db.setTransactionSuccessful();} finally{//关闭事务//如果此时已经设置事务执行成功，则sql语句生效，否则不生效db.endTransaction();}

MyOpenHelper.java

package com.example.administrator.myapplication;import android.content.Context;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper;public class MyOpenHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper {public MyOpenHelper(Context context, String name, SQLiteDatabase.CursorFactory factory,int version) {super(context, name, factory, version);// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub}//数据库创建时，此方法会调用@Overridepublic void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {System.out.println("数据库创建了");//创建表db.execSQL("create table person(_id integer primary key autoincrement, name char(10), salary char(20), phone integer(20))");}//数据库升级时，此方法会调用@Overridepublic void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {System.out.println("数据库升级了");}}

MainActivity.java

package com.example.administrator.myapplication;import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.EditText;public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {@Overrideprotected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);//getContext():获取一个虚拟的上下文
//        MyOpenHelper oh = new MyOpenHelper(getApplicationContext(),"people.db", null, 1);//如果数据库不存在，先创建数据库，再获取可读可写的数据库对象，如果数据库存在，就直接打开
//        SQLiteDatabase db = oh.getWritableDatabase();//如果存储空间满了，那么返回只读数据库对象
//      SQLiteDatabase db = oh.getReadableDatabase();
//        insert();select();
//        insertApi();deleteApi();}public void insert(){//getContext():获取一个虚拟的上下文MyOpenHelper oh = new MyOpenHelper(getApplicationContext(),"people.db", null, 1);SQLiteDatabase db = oh.getWritableDatabase();db.execSQL("insert into person (name,salary,phone) values(?,?,?)", new Object[]{"小志", 14000, "13888"});db.execSQL("insert into person (name,salary,phone) values(?,?,?)",new Object[]{"小智","13000","13888888888"});//SQLSite是轻量级数据库，数据类型错误也能正常插入,全部都认为是字符串，但是插入String到Integer会变成0db.execSQL("insert into person (name,salary,phone) values(?,?,?)",new Object[]{"小刚",13000,"13888888888"});db.close();}public void delete(){MyOpenHelper oh = new MyOpenHelper(getApplicationContext(),"people.db", null, 1);SQLiteDatabase db = oh.getWritableDatabase();db.execSQL("delete from person where name =?",new Object[]{"小志"});db.close();}public void update(){MyOpenHelper oh = new MyOpenHelper(getApplicationContext(),"people.db", null, 1);SQLiteDatabase db = oh.getWritableDatabase();db.execSQL("update person set phone = ? where name = ?",new Object[]{"小智","13202120201"});db.close();}public void select(){MyOpenHelper oh = new MyOpenHelper(getApplicationContext(),"people.db", null, 1);SQLiteDatabase db = oh.getWritableDatabase();Cursor cursor = db.rawQuery("select name,phone,salary from person",null);while (cursor.moveToNext()){String name = cursor.getString(0);String salary = cursor.getString(2);String phone = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("phone"));System.out.println(name+";"+salary+";"+phone);}db.close();}public void insertApi(){MyOpenHelper oh = new MyOpenHelper(getApplicationContext(),"people.db", null, 1);SQLiteDatabase db = oh.getWritableDatabase();ContentValues values = new ContentValues();values.put("name","游戏王");values.put("phone","1952123121");values.put("salary",16000);db.insert("person",null,values);db.close();}public void deleteApi(){MyOpenHelper oh = new MyOpenHelper(getApplicationContext(),"people.db", null, 1);SQLiteDatabase db = oh.getWritableDatabase();int i = db.delete("person","name=? and _id=?",new String[]{"小刚","7"});System.out.println(i);db.close();}public void updateApi(){MyOpenHelper oh = new MyOpenHelper(getApplicationContext(),"people.db", null, 1);SQLiteDatabase db = oh.getWritableDatabase();ContentValues values = new ContentValues();values.put("salary",36000);int i = db.update("person",values,"name=?",new String[]{"小刚"});System.out.println(i);db.close();}public void selectApi(){MyOpenHelper oh = new MyOpenHelper(getApplicationContext(),"people.db", null, 1);SQLiteDatabase db = oh.getWritableDatabase();Cursor cursor = db.query("person",null,null,null,null,null,null,null);while (cursor.moveToNext()){String name = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("name"));String phone = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("phone"));System.out.println(name+":"+phone);}db.close();}public void testTransaction(){MyOpenHelper oh = new MyOpenHelper(getApplicationContext(),"people.db", null, 1);SQLiteDatabase db = oh.getWritableDatabase();//开启事务try{db.beginTransaction();ContentValues values = new ContentValues();values.put("salary",15000);db.update("person",values,"name=?",new String[]{"小智"});values.clear();values.put("salary",13000);db.update("person",values,"name=?",new String[]{"小志"});//这里做一个运行时异常int i = 3/0;//设置事务执行成功db.setTransactionSuccessful();}catch (Exception e){e.printStackTrace();}finally {//关闭事务，同时提交，如果没有设置事务执行成功则sql回滚db.endTransaction();db.close();}}}

把数据库的数据显示至屏幕

任意插入一些数据

定义业务bean：Person.java

读取数据库的所有数据

 Cursor cs = db.query("person", null, null, null, null, null, null);while(cs.moveToNext()){String name = cs.getString(cs.getColumnIndex("name"));String phone = cs.getString(cs.getColumnIndex("phone"));String money = cs.getString(cs.getColumnIndex("money"));//把读到的数据封装至Person对象Person p = new Person(name, phone, money);//把person对象保存至集合中people.add(p);}

把集合中的数据显示至屏幕

   LinearLayout ll = (LinearLayout) findViewById(R.id.ll);for(Person p : people){//创建TextView，每条数据用一个文本框显示TextView tv = new TextView(this);tv.setText(p.toString());//把文本框设置为ll的子节点ll.addView(tv);}

分页查询

  Cursor cs = db.query("person", null, null, null, null, null, null, "0, 10");

activity_main.xml

<ScrollView xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"android:layout_width="match_parent"android:layout_height="match_parent"><LinearLayoutandroid:id="@+id/ll"android:layout_width="match_parent"android:layout_height="wrap_content"tools:context=".MainActivity"android:orientation="vertical"></LinearLayout>
</ScrollView>

MainActivity.java

package com.example.administrator.myapplication;import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.LinearLayout;
import android.widget.TextView;
import com.example.administrator.myapplication.domain.Person;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {private List<Person> personList;@Overrideprotected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);personList = new ArrayList<>();MyOpenHelper oh = new MyOpenHelper(getApplicationContext(),"people.db", null, 1);SQLiteDatabase db = oh.getWritableDatabase();Cursor cursor = db.query("person",null,null,null,null,null,null,null);while (cursor.moveToNext()){String _id = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("_id"));String name = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("name"));String phone = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("phone"));String salary = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("salary"));Person person = new Person(_id,name,phone,salary);personList.add(person);}db.close();LinearLayout ll = findViewById(R.id.ll);//把数据显示至屏幕for(Person person:personList){TextView tv = new TextView(this);tv.setText(person.toString());//把TextView设置为线性布局的子节点tv.setTextSize(18); //18spll.addView(tv);}}
}

效果演示

ListView

就是用来显示一行一行的条目的
MVC结构
- M：model模型层，要显示的数据 ————people集合
- V：view视图层，用户看到的界面 ————ListView
- c：control控制层，操作数据如何显示 ————adapter对象
每一个条目都是一个View对象

BaseAdapter

必须实现的两个方法

第一个

  //系统调用此方法，用来获知模型层有多少条数据@Overridepublic int getCount() {return people.size();}

第二个

  //系统调用此方法，获取要显示至ListView的View对象//position:是return的View对象所对应的数据在集合中的位置@Overridepublic View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {System.out.println("getView方法调用" + position);TextView tv = new TextView(MainActivity.this);//拿到集合中的元素Person p = people.get(position);tv.setText(p.toString());//把TextView的对象返回出去，它会变成ListView的条目return tv;}

屏幕上能显示多少个条目，getView方法就会被调用多少次，屏幕向下滑动时，getView会继续被调用，创建更多的View对象显示至屏幕

activity_main.xml

<LinearLayoutxmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"android:id="@+id/ll"android:layout_width="match_parent"android:layout_height="match_parent"tools:context=".MainActivity"android:orientation="vertical"><ListView android:id="@+id/lv" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent"></ListView>
</LinearLayout>

MainActivity.java

package com.example.administrator.myapplication;import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.BaseAdapter;
import android.widget.LinearLayout;
import android.widget.ListView;
import android.widget.TextView;
import com.example.administrator.myapplication.domain.Person;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {private List<Person> personList;@Overrideprotected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);personList = new ArrayList<>();MyOpenHelper oh = new MyOpenHelper(getApplicationContext(),"people.db", null, 1);SQLiteDatabase db = oh.getWritableDatabase();Cursor cursor = db.query("person",null,null,null,null,null,null,null);while (cursor.moveToNext()){String _id = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("_id"));String name = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("name"));String phone = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("phone"));String salary = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("salary"));Person person = new Person(_id,name,phone,salary);personList.add(person);}db.close();ListView lv = findViewById(R.id.lv);lv.setAdapter(new MyAdapter());}class MyAdapter extends BaseAdapter{@Overridepublic int getCount() {return personList.size();}@Overridepublic Object getItem(int position) {return null;}@Overridepublic long getItemId(int position) {return 0;}@Overridepublic View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {TextView tv = new TextView(MainActivity.this);Person p =personList.get(position);tv.setTextSize(18);tv.setText(p.toString());return tv;}}
}

为了显示好看一点

item_listview.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"android:layout_width="match_parent"android:layout_height="match_parent" ><TextView android:id="@+id/tv_name"android:layout_width="wrap_content"android:layout_height="wrap_content"android:text="名字"android:textSize="25sp"/><LinearLayout android:layout_alignParentRight="true"android:layout_width="wrap_content"android:layout_height="wrap_content"android:orientation="vertical"><TextView android:id="@+id/tv_phone"android:layout_width="wrap_content"android:layout_height="wrap_content"android:text="号码"/><TextView android:id="@+id/tv_salary"android:layout_width="wrap_content"android:layout_height="wrap_content"android:text="工资"/></LinearLayout>
</RelativeLayout>

MainActivity.java

package com.example.administrator.myapplication;import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.BaseAdapter;
import android.widget.LinearLayout;
import android.widget.ListView;
import android.widget.TextView;
import com.example.administrator.myapplication.domain.Person;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {private List<Person> personList;@Overrideprotected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);personList = new ArrayList<>();MyOpenHelper oh = new MyOpenHelper(getApplicationContext(),"people.db", null, 1);SQLiteDatabase db = oh.getWritableDatabase();Cursor cursor = db.query("person",null,null,null,null,null,null,null);while (cursor.moveToNext()){String _id = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("_id"));String name = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("name"));String phone = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("phone"));String salary = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("salary"));Person person = new Person(_id,name,phone,salary);personList.add(person);}db.close();ListView lv = findViewById(R.id.lv);lv.setAdapter(new MyAdapter());}class MyAdapter extends BaseAdapter{@Overridepublic int getCount() {return personList.size();}@Overridepublic Object getItem(int position) {return null;}@Overridepublic long getItemId(int position) {return 0;}@Overridepublic View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {Person p =personList.get(position);View view = View.inflate(MainActivity.this,R.layout.item_listview,null);TextView tv_name = view.findViewById(R.id.tv_name);tv_name.setText(p.getName());TextView tv_phone = view.findViewById(R.id.tv_phone);tv_phone.setText("手机号:"+p.getPhone());TextView tv_salary =view.findViewById(R.id.tv_salary);tv_salary.setText("工资："+p.getSalary());return view;}}

条目的缓存

当条目划出屏幕时，系统会把该条目缓存至内存，当该条目再次进入屏幕，系统在重新调用getView时会把缓存的条目作为convertView参数传入，但是传入的条目不一定是之前被缓存的该条目，即系统有可能在调用getView方法获取第一个条目时，传入任意一个条目的缓存

对话框

确定取消对话框

创建对话框构建器对象，类似工厂模式

  AlertDialog.Builder builder = new Builder(this);

设置标题和正文

  builder.setTitle("警告");builder.setMessage("若练此功，必先自宫");

设置确定和取消按钮

  builder.setPositiveButton("现在自宫", new OnClickListener() {@Overridepublic void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {// TODO Auto-generated method stubToast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "恭喜你自宫成功，现在程序退出", 0).show();}});builder.setNegativeButton("下次再说", new OnClickListener() {@Overridepublic void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {// TODO Auto-generated method stubToast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "若不自宫，一定不成功", 0).show();}});

使用构建器创建出对话框对象

  AlertDialog ad = builder.create();ad.show();

单选对话框

 AlertDialog.Builder builder = new Builder(this);builder.setTitle("选择你的性别");

定义单选选项

  final String[] items = new String[]{"男", "女", "其他"};//-1表示没有默认选择//点击侦听的导包要注意别导错builder.setSingleChoiceItems(items, -1, new OnClickListener() {//which表示点击的是哪一个选项@Overridepublic void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "您选择了" + items[which], 0).show();//对话框消失dialog.dismiss();}});builder.show();

多选对话框

 AlertDialog.Builder builder = new Builder(this);builder.setTitle("请选择你认为最帅的人");

定义多选的选项，因为可以多选，所以需要一个boolean数组来记录哪些选项被选了

  final String[] items = new String[]{"赵帅哥","赵师哥","赵老师","侃哥"};//true表示对应位置的选项被选了final boolean[] checkedItems = new boolean[]{true,false,false,false,};builder.setMultiChoiceItems(items, checkedItems, new OnMultiChoiceClickListener() {//点击某个选项，如果该选项之前没被选择，那么此时isChecked的值为true@Overridepublic void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which, boolean isChecked) {checkedItems[which] = isChecked;}});builder.setPositiveButton("确定", new OnClickListener() {@Overridepublic void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();for(int i = 0;i < items.length; i++){sb.append(checkedItems[i] ? items[i] + " " : "");}Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, sb.toString(), 0).show();}});builder.show();

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Android入门笔记03

测试

单元测试junit

SQLite数据库

创建数据库

数据库的增删改查

执行SQL语句实现增删改查

使用api实现增删改查

事务

把数据库的数据显示至屏幕

ListView

BaseAdapter

为了显示好看一点

条目的缓存

对话框

确定取消对话框

单选对话框

多选对话框

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