asm冗余 oracle_ORACLE 11G RAC ASM磁盘的三种冗余模式
在安装ASM磁盘时采用了high、normal、extenrnal的三种冗余模式。
三种冗余模式
EXTERNAL模式
External redundancy(1OCR and no copies)
An external redundancy disk group requires a minimum of one disk device.
The effective disk space in an external redundancy disk group is the sum of the disk space in all of its devices.
Because Automatic Storage Management does not mirror data in an external
redundancy disk group, Oracle recommends that you use external redundancy with storage devices such as RAID, or other
similar devices that provide their own data protection mechanisms.
NORMAL模式
Normal redundancy(1 OCR and 2 copies )
In a normal redundancy disk group, to increase performance and reliability,
Automatic Storage Management by default uses two-way mirroring. A normal
redundancy disk group requires a minimum of two disk devices (or two
failure groups). The effective disk space in a normal redundancy disk group is
half the sum of the disk space in all of its devices.
For Oracle Clusterware files, Normal redundancy disk groups provide 3
voting disk files, 1 OCR and 2 copies (one primary and one secondary mirror).
With normal redundancy, the cluster can survive the loss of one failure group.
For most installations, Oracle recommends that you select normal redundancy.
HIGH模式
High redundancy(1 OCR and 3 copies )
In a high redundancy disk group, Automatic Storage Management uses
three-way mirroring to increase performance and provide the highest level of
reliability. A high redundancy disk group requires a minimum of three disk
devices (or three failure groups). The effective disk space in a high redundancy
disk group is one-third the sum of the disk space in all of its devices.
For Oracle Clusterware files, High redundancy disk groups provide 5 voting
disk files, 1 OCR and 3 copies (one primary and two secondary mirrors). With
high redundancy, the cluster can survive the loss of two failure groups.
While high redundancy disk groups do provide a high level of data protection,
you should consider the greater cost of additional storage devices before
deciding to select high redundancy disk groups.
METALINK文档描述
[ID 428681.1]
题目：OCR / Vote disk Maintenance Operations: (ADD/REMOVE/REPLACE/MOVE)
11.2+:
From 11.2, votedisk can be stored on either ASM diskgroup or cluster file systems. The following commands can only be
executed when GI is running either in cluster mode or exclusive mode. As grid user:
1. To add a Voting Disk
a. When votedisk is on cluster file system:
$ crsctl add css votedisk
b. When votedisk is on ASM diskgroup, no add option available. The number of votedisk is determined by the diskgroup
redundancy. If more copy of votedisk is desired, one can move votedisk to a diskgroup with higher redundancy.
2. To delete a Voting Disk
a. When votedisk is on cluster file system:
$ crsctl delete css votedisk
b. When votedisk is on ASM, no delete option available, one can only replace the existing votedisk group with another ASM
diskgroup
3. To move a Voting Disk
a. When votedisk is on cluster file system:
$ crsctl add css votedisk
$ crsctl delete css votedisk
b. When votedisk is on ASM or moving votedisk between cluster file system and ASM diskgroup
$ crsctl replace votedisk |
eg:
move to cluster file system:
$ crsctl replace votedisk /shared/vote.dat
Now formatting voting disk: /shared/vote.dat.
CRS-4256: Updating the profile
Successful addition of voting disk 32ff90ab38a04f65bf0c428c8fea9721.
Successful deletion of voting disk 3d34623f09b64f9dbfa44fabf455513e.
Successful deletion of voting disk 7043c38000a24f1abf36473ca7e9cd9e.
Successful deletion of voting disk 18de241007df4f9cbf3fbb4193f0ecb4.
CRS-4256: Updating the profile
CRS-4266: Voting file(s) successfully replaced
more to ASM diskgroup:
$ crsctl replace votedisk +OCRVOTE
CRS-4256: Updating the profile
Successful addition of voting disk 3d34623f09b64f9dbfa44fabf455513e.
Successful addition of voting disk 7043c38000a24f1abf36473ca7e9cd9e.
Successful addition of voting disk 18de241007df4f9cbf3fbb4193f0ecb4.
Successful deletion of voting disk a32c9b158e644fabbfdcc239c76f22a0.
Successfully replaced voting disk group with +CRS.
CRS-4256: Updating the profile
CRS-4266: Voting file(s) successfully replaced
联机文档描述
One reason to drop a disk group is to change the redundancy level (normal, high, or external). Because you cannot change
the redundancy of a disk group, you must drop the disk group and then re-create it with the proper redundancy. In this
case, you must back up or move disk group data before you drop the disk group
小结
如果要想改变asm磁盘组的冗余方式，就必须删除并重建磁盘组。
移走OCR磁盘内容2.1 备份2.1.1 备份OCR
ocrconfig –export /tmp/ocr.bak
或
ocrconfig –manualbackup
$ ocrconfig -showbackup
node2 2012/02/24 12:09:34 /u01/grid/cdata/PMSBIPD/backup00.ocr
node2 2012/02/24 08:03:21 /u01/grid/cdata/PMSBIPD/backup01.ocr
node2 2012/02/24 04:03:21 /u01/grid/cdata/PMSBIPD/backup02.ocr
node2 2012/02/22 19:38:28 /u01/grid/cdata/PMSBIPD/day.ocr
node2 2012/02/10 11:48:21 /u01/grid/cdata/PMSBIPD/week.ocr
PROT-25: Manual backups for the Oracle Cluster Registry are not available
备份VOTEDISK
In Oracle Clusterware 11g release 2 (11.2), you no longer have to back up the voting disk. The voting disk data is
automatically backed up in OCR as part of any configuration change and is automatically restored to any voting disk added.
If all voting disks are corrupted, however, you can restore them as described in "Restoring Voting Disks".---联机文档说不需
要备份votedisk，可以使用dd备份
查看VOTEDISK位置
$ crsctl query css votedisk
## STATE File Universal Id File Name Disk group
-- ----- ----------------- --------- ---------
1. ONLINE 077fcbf9dd704f03bf95d2b1490208f2 (/dev/rdisk/disk444) [OCR_ORCL]
Located 1 voting disk(s).
备份
备份votedisk盘：
[root@node1 bin]# dd if=/dev/raw/raw5 of=/home/oracle/voting_disk.bak
256977+0 records in
256977+0 records out
恢复
恢复votedisk盘(如果真需要恢复的话)：
[root@node1 bin]# dd if=/home/oracle/voting_disk.bak of=/dev/raw/raw5
256977+0 records in
256977+0 records out
备份ASM参数文件
在OCR的磁盘组里，有OCR、VOTEDISK、ASM的SPFILE参数文件，但是这里ASM的参数文件是不需要备份的，因为我们一会在改ASM参数文件位置
的时候，会生产PFILE文件，那时就已经是备份了。
移动OCR
备注：这里将OCR移动到DATA_ORCL这个磁盘组上，在一个节点操作即可。
当OCR只有一份时，如果移动则会报错
NODE1#[/u01/grid/bin]./ocrconfig -replace OCR_ORCL -replacement DATA_ORCL
PROT-28: Cannot delete or replace the only configured Oracle Cluster Registry location
添加一份OCR
NODE1#[/u01/grid/bin]./ocrconfig -add +DATA_ORCL
检查OCR位置
NODE1#[/u01/grid/bin]./ocrcheck
Status of Oracle Cluster Registry is as follows :
Version : 3
Total space (kbytes) : 262120
Used space (kbytes) : 2852
Available space (kbytes) : 259268
ID : 941087888
Device/File Name : +OCR_ORCL
Device/File integrity check succeeded
Device/File Name : +DATA_ORCL
Device/File integrity check succeeded
Device/File not configured
Device/File not configured
Device/File not configured
Cluster registry integrity check succeeded
Logical corruption check succeeded
删除一份OCR
NODE1#[/u01/grid/bin]./ocrconfig -delete +OCR_ORCL
NODE1#[/u01/grid/bin]./ocrcheck
Status of Oracle Cluster Registry is as follows :
Version : 3
Total space (kbytes) : 262120
Used space (kbytes) : 2852
Available space (kbytes) : 259268
ID : 941087888
Device/File Name : +DATA_ORCL
Device/File integrity check succeeded
Device/File not configured
Device/File not configured
Device/File not configured
Device/File not configured
Cluster registry integrity check succeeded
Logical corruption check succeeded
NODE1#[/u01/grid/bin]cat /var/opt/oracle/ocr.loc
#Device/file +OCR_ORCL getting replaced by device +DATA_ORCL
ocrconfig_loc=+DATA_ORCL
移动VOTEDISK
NODE1#[/u01/grid/bin]./crsctl replace votedisk +DATA_ORCL
Successful addition of voting disk 21dffc4c1ef84feebfaf2340c61853ba.
Successful deletion of voting disk 077fcbf9dd704f03bf95d2b1490208f2.
Successfully replaced voting disk group with +DATA_ORCL.
CRS-4266: Voting file(s) successfully replaced
NODE1#[/u01/grid/bin]./crsctl query css votedisk
## STATE File Universal Id File Name Disk group
-- ----- ----------------- --------- ---------
1. ONLINE 21dffc4c1ef84feebfaf2340c61853ba (/dev/rdisk/disk447) [DATA_ORCL]
备注：在一个节点操作即可。
移动ASM参数文件
查看ASM位置
$sqlplus / as sysasm
SQL> show parameter spfile
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
spfile string +OCR_ORCL/pmsbipd/asmparameterfile/registry.253.760201253
创建PFILE
SQL> create pfile='/home/grid/asminit.ora' from spfile='+OCR_ORCL/pmsbipd/asmparameterfile/registry.253.760201253';
File created.
查看PFILE内容
$ cat asminit.ora
+ASM2.asm_diskgroups='DATA_ORCL','REDO_ORCL'#Manual Mount
+ASM1.asm_diskgroups='DATA_ORCL','REDO_ORCL'#Manual Mount
*.asm_power_limit=1
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/oracle'
*.instance_type='asm'
*.large_pool_size=12M
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
关闭ASM实例
NODE2#[/u01/grid/bin]./srvctl stop asm -o abort -f
以PFILE启动ASM实例
$sqlplus / as sysasm
SQL> startup pfile='/home/grid/asminit.ora';
ASM instance started
Total System Global Area 283930624 bytes
Fixed Size 2169104 bytes
Variable Size 256595696 bytes
ASM Cache 25165824 bytes
ASM diskgroups mounted
SQL> show parameter spfile
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
spfile string
创建SPFILE
SQL> create spfile='+DATA_ORCL' from pfile='/home/grid/asminit.ora';
File created.
以SPFILE启动ASM实例
NODE2#[/u01/grid/bin]./srvctl stop asm -o abort -f
$sqlplus / as sysasm
SQL> startup
ASM instance started
Total System Global Area 283930624 bytes
Fixed Size 2169104 bytes
Variable Size 256595696 bytes
ASM Cache 25165824 bytes
ASM diskgroups mounted
SQL> show parameter spfile
NAME TYPE VALUE
-------------- -----------------------------
spfile string +DATA_ORCL/pmsbipd/asmparameterfile/registry.253.776257911
节点二重启CLUSTER
将另一个节点的cluster重启以保证asm的spfile是新的参数文件
此时最好是将2个节点的cluster都重启下，让所有的资源都正常。
删除OCR磁盘组
查看OCR磁盘组状态
节点一：
SQL> select name,state from v$asm_diskgroup;
NAME STATE
------------------------------ -----------
DATA_ORCL MOUNTED
REDO_ORCL MOUNTED
OCR_ORCL DISMOUNTED
节点二：
SQL> select name,state from v$asm_diskgroup;
NAME STATE
------------------------------ -----------
DATA_ORCL MOUNTED
REDO_ORCL MOUNTED
OCR_ORCL DISMOUNTED
查看OCR磁盘组包括的磁盘
SQL> select name,GROUP_NUMBER ,DISK_NUMBER,state,REDUNDANCY ,TOTAL_MB,FREE_MB,path from v$asm_disk where name like 'OCR%';
NAME GROUP_NUMBER DISK_NUMBER STATE REDUNDA TOTAL_MB FREE_MB PATH
------------------------------ ------------ ----------- -------- ------- ---------- ----------
----------------------------------------
OCR_ORCL_0000 1 0 NORMAL UNKNOWN 1031 844 /dev/rdisk/disk444
OCR_ORCL_0001 1 1 NORMAL UNKNOWN 1031 908 /dev/rdisk/disk445
OCR_ORCL_0002 1 2 NORMAL UNKNOWN 1031 909 /dev/rdisk/disk446
节点2卸载OCR磁盘
备注：节点一不卸载
SQL> alter diskgroup OCR_ORCL dismount ;
Diskgroup altered.
SQL> select name,state from v$asm_diskgroup;
NAME STATE
------------------------------ -----------
DATA_ORCL MOUNTED
REDO_ORCL MOUNTED
OCR_ORCL DISMOUNTED
OCR磁盘组删除
备注：在节点一操作
SQL> drop diskgroup OCR_ORCL including contents;
Diskgroup dropped.
3.5 两节点查看
SQL> select name,state from v$asm_diskgroup;
NAME STATE
------------------------------ -----------
DATA_ORCL MOUNTED
REDO_ORCL MOUNTED
SQL> select name,state from v$asm_diskgroup;
NAME STATE
------------------------------ -----------
DATA_ORCL MOUNTED
REDO_ORCL MOUNTED
ASMCA重建OCR磁盘组
打开
创建注意选择normal冗余
完成
查看状态
SQL> select name,state from v$asm_diskgroup;
NAME STATE
------------------------------ -----------
DATA_ORCL MOUNTED
REDO_ORCL MOUNTED
OCR_ORCL MOUNTED
将信息移回OCR磁盘组
OCR移回
查看OCR位置
NODE1#[/u01/grid/bin]./ocrcheck
Status of Oracle Cluster Registry is as follows :
Version : 3
Total space (kbytes) : 262120
Used space (kbytes) : 2852
Available space (kbytes) : 259268
ID : 941087888
Device/File Name : +DATA_ORCL
Device/File integrity check succeeded
Device/File not configured
Device/File not configured
Device/File not configured
Device/File not configured
Cluster registry integrity check succeeded
./ Logical corruption check succeeded
添加一份OCR
NODE1#[/u01/grid/bin]./ocrconfig -add +OCR_ORCL
NODE1#[/u01/grid/bin]./ocrcheck
Status of Oracle Cluster Registry is as follows :
Version : 3
Total space (kbytes) : 262120
Used space (kbytes) : 2852
Available space (kbytes) : 259268
ID : 941087888
Device/File Name : +DATA_ORCL
Device/File integrity check succeeded
Device/File Name : +OCR_ORCL
Device/File integrity check succeeded
Device/File not configured
Device/File not configured
Device/File not configured
Cluster registry integrity check succeeded
Logical corruption check succeeded
删除一份OCR
NODE1#[/u01/grid/bin]./ocrconfig -delete +DATA_ORCL
NODE2#[/u01/grid/bin]./ocrcheck
Status of Oracle Cluster Registry is as follows :
Version : 3
Total space (kbytes) : 262120
Used space (kbytes) : 2852
Available space (kbytes) : 259268
ID : 941087888
Device/File Name : +OCR_ORCL
Device/File integrity check succeeded
Device/File not configured
Device/File not configured
Device/File not configured
Device/File not configured
Cluster registry integrity check succeeded
Logical corruption check succeeded
VOTEDISK移回
NODE1#[/u01/grid/bin]./crsctl query css votedisk
## STATE File Universal Id File Name Disk group
-- ----- ----------------- --------- ---------
1. ONLINE 21dffc4c1ef84feebfaf2340c61853ba (/dev/rdisk/disk447) [DATA_ORCL]
Located 1 voting disk(s).
NODE1#[/u01/grid/bin]./crsctl replace votedisk +OCR_ORCL
Successful addition of voting disk 57ebf38a74524fbebf146a38ef3e1088.
Successful addition of voting disk 376ef62cf1c14febbfd6635bd9786366.
Successful addition of voting disk 6658efafcb194f7cbff49fa4bb8b5408.
Successful deletion of voting disk 21dffc4c1ef84feebfaf2340c61853ba.
Successfully replaced voting disk group with +OCR_ORCL.
CRS-4266: Voting file(s) successfully replaced
NODE1#[/u01/grid/bin]./crsctl query css votedisk
## STATE File Universal Id File Name Disk group
-- ----- ----------------- --------- ---------
1. ONLINE 57ebf38a74524fbebf146a38ef3e1088 (/dev/rdisk/disk444) [OCR_ORCL]
2. ONLINE 376ef62cf1c14febbfd6635bd9786366 (/dev/rdisk/disk445) [OCR_ORCL]
3. ONLINE 6658efafcb194f7cbff49fa4bb8b5408 (/dev/rdisk/disk446) [OCR_ORCL]
Located 3 voting disk(s).
ASM参数文件移回
创建PFILE
$ sqlplus / as sysasm
SQL> show parameter spfile
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------- -----------------------
spfile string +DATA_ORCL/pmsbipd/asmparameterfile/registry.253.776257911
SQL> create pfile='/home/grid/asmocrinit.ora' from spfile='+DATA_ORCL/pmsbipd/asmparameterfile/registry.253.776257911';
File created.
关闭ASM实例
NODE1#[/u01/grid/bin]./srvctl stop asm -o abort -f
启动ASM实例
$ sqlplus / as sysasm
SQL> startup pfile='/home/grid/asmocrinit.ora';
ASM instance started
Total System Global Area 283930624 bytes
Fixed Size 2169104 bytes
Variable Size 256595696 bytes
ASM Cache 25165824 bytes
ASM diskgroups mounted
创建SPFILE
SQL> create spfile='+OCR_ORCL' from pfile='/home/grid/asmocrinit.ora';
File created.
关闭ASM实例
NODE1#[/u01/grid/bin]./srvctl stop asm -o abort -f
节点一启动CLUSTER
NODE1#[/u01/grid/bin]./crsctl start cluster -n node1
节点二启动CLUSTER
NODE2#[/u01/grid/bin]./crsctl start cluster -n node2
查看OCR、VOTEDISK、ASM参数文件位置
查看OCR位置
NODE2#[/u01/grid/bin]./ocrcheck
Status of Oracle Cluster Registry is as follows :
Version : 3
Total space (kbytes) : 262120
Used space (kbytes) : 2852
Available space (kbytes) : 259268
ID : 941087888
Device/File Name : +OCR_ORCL
Device/File integrity check succeeded
Device/File not configured
Device/File not configured
Device/File not configured
Device/File not configured
Cluster registry integrity check succeeded
Logical corruption check succeeded
查看VOTEDISK位置
NODE2#[/u01/grid/bin]./crsctl query css votedisk
## STATE File Universal Id File Name Disk group
-- ----- ----------------- --------- ---------
1. ONLINE 57ebf38a74524fbebf146a38ef3e1088 (/dev/rdisk/disk444) [OCR_ORCL]
2. ONLINE 376ef62cf1c14febbfd6635bd9786366 (/dev/rdisk/disk445) [OCR_ORCL]
3. ONLINE 6658efafcb194f7cbff49fa4bb8b5408 (/dev/rdisk/disk446) [OCR_ORCL]
Located 3 voting disk(s).
查看ASM参数文件位置
$ sqlplus / as sysasm
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Sun Feb 26 14:31:43 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Real Application Clusters and Automatic Storage Management options
SQL> show parameter spfile
NAME TYPE VALUE
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