Oracle PL/SQL Nutshell

持续更新中。。。

Basic Syntax & Variables

Basic Structure

PL/SQL can be executed from SQL Plus

Called PL/SQL blocks
Anonymous blocks as they do not have a name
Procedures/functions are named blocks

[Declare]
BEGIN
[Exception]
END

Examples

VAR P_SET VARCHAR2(20)
BEGIN:P_SET := 'Hello world'; -- colon(:)variable_name, bind variable
END;

SET SERVEROUTPUT ON
BEGINdbms_output.put_line('Hello world');
END;

Oracle Architecture

Variables

Used throughout PL/SQL
Holding area for data
Default values, constants
Values from the database
Populated with :=

VAR_NAME [CONSTANT] datatype [NOT NULL] [:= value]

Name conventions

prefix	meaning
V_	standard variable
C_	constant
P_	variable that will be used/originated in SQL Plus
G_	variable used within multiple PL/SQL blocks

With prefix you can use preserved words

Declare variables in DECLARE section
:= or SELECT INTO
Use all the SQL data types
Can use syntax %TYPE and %ROWTYPE to establish variables with database properties - type inheritance/runtime inheritance

Data types

Scalar types

Number

BINARY_DOUBLE
BINARY_FLOAT
BINARY_INTEGER
DEC
DECIMAL
DOUBLE PRECISION
FLOAT
INT
INTEGER
NATURAL
NATURALN
NUMBER
NUMERIC
PLS_INTEGER
POSITIVE
POSITIVEN
REAL
JSONTYPE
SMALLINT

Characters

CHAR
CHARACTER
LONG
LONG RAW
NVARCHAR2
RAW
ROWO
STRING
UROWO
VARCHAR
VARCHAR2

Boolean

BOOLEAN

Date

DATE
DATETIME

Composite types

RECORD
TABLE
VARRAY

Reference types

REF CURSOR
REF object_type

LOB types

BFILE
BLOB
CLOB
NCLOB

Variable scope

Can nest PL/SQL blocks - blocks within blocks
Inner blocks can see outer blocks variables
Outer blocks cannot see inner block variables

DECLARE
V_V1 NUMBER;
BEGIN
V_V1 := 1;DECLAREV_V2 NUMBER;BEGINV_V1 := V_V2;END;
DBMS_OUTPUT...
END;

Create type

DECLARE
TYPE emp_info IS RECORD (v_ename emp.ename%TYPE,v_sal emp.sal%TYPE
);
emp_rec emp_info;
emp_rec2 emp%ROWTYPE;

Control Flow

Logic Flow

IF…ELSIF…ELSE

IF <condition> THEN<statements>;
ELSIF <condition> THEN<statements>;
ELSE<statements>;
END IF;

CASE WHEN

CASEWHEN <condition> THEN<statements>;WHEN <condition> THEN<statements>;ELSE<statements>
END;

LOOP

LOOP<statements>;EXIT LOOP WHEN <condition>;
END LOOP;

WHILE

WHILE <condition> THEN<statements>;
END;

FOR LOOP

FOR <var_> IN var_
LOOP<statements>;
END LOOP;

CURSOR

DECLARECURSOR c1 ISSELECT prod_id,cust_id, time_id, amount_soldFROM salesWHERE amount_sold > 100;c1_rec c1%ROWTYPE;l_cust_firstname customers.cust_firstname%TYPE;l_cust_lastname customers.cust_lastname%TYPE;
BEGINFOR c1_rec IN c1LOOP...END LOOP;
END;

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Oracle PL/SQL Nutshell

Oracle PL/SQL Nutshell

Basic Syntax & Variables

Basic Structure

Oracle Architecture

Variables

Name conventions

Data types

Scalar types

Number

Characters

Boolean

Date

Composite types

Reference types

LOB types

Variable scope

Create type

Control Flow

Logic Flow

IF…ELSIF…ELSE

CASE WHEN

LOOP

LOOP

WHILE

FOR LOOP

CURSOR

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