ubuntu搭建mqtt服务器及验证

安装mosquitto

sudo apt install mosquitto
sudo apt install libmosquitto-dev
sudo apt install mosquitto-clients

启动mosquitto
默认安装mosquitto后就会自动启动mosquitto进程，其配置文件在/etc/mosquitto下，默认监听端口为1883
/usr/sbin/mosquitto -c /etc/mosquitto/mosquitto.conf
查看mosquitto的启动命令

# mosquitto -h
mosquitto version 1.4.15 (build date Tue, 18 Jun 2019 11:42:22 -0300)mosquitto is an MQTT v3.1.1/v3.1 broker.Usage: mosquitto [-c config_file] [-d] [-h] [-p port]-c : specify the broker config file.   (配置文件路径)-d : put the broker into the background after starting. （后台运行）-h : display this help. （显示帮助）-p : start the broker listening on the specified port.Not recommended in conjunction with the -c option. （指定端口）-v : verbose mode - enable all logging types. This overridesany logging options given in the config file. （打印日志）See http://mosquitto.org/ for more information.

执行：mosquitto -p 5678 -v，在本地端口5678上启动mosquitto服务，并在前台运行打印日志

订阅
使用mosquitto_sub命令启动订阅，查看mosquitto_sub的启动命令

# mosquitto_sub --help
mosquitto_sub is a simple mqtt client that will subscribe to a single topic and print all messages it receives.
mosquitto_sub version 1.4.15 running on libmosquitto 1.4.15.Usage: mosquitto_sub [-c] [-h host] [-k keepalive] [-p port] [-q qos] [-R] -t topic ...[-C msg_count] [-T filter_out][-A bind_address] [-S][-i id] [-I id_prefix][-d] [-N] [--quiet] [-v][-u username [-P password]][--will-topic [--will-payload payload] [--will-qos qos] [--will-retain]][{--cafile file | --capath dir} [--cert file] [--key file][--ciphers ciphers] [--insecure]][--psk hex-key --psk-identity identity [--ciphers ciphers]][--proxy socks-url]mosquitto_sub --help-A : bind the outgoing socket to this host/ip address. Use to control which interfacethe client communicates over.-c : disable 'clean session' (store subscription and pending messages when client disconnects).-C : disconnect and exit after receiving the 'msg_count' messages.-d : enable debug messages.-h : mqtt host to connect to. Defaults to localhost.-i : id to use for this client. Defaults to mosquitto_sub_ appended with the process id.-I : define the client id as id_prefix appended with the process id. Useful for when thebroker is using the clientid_prefixes option.-k : keep alive in seconds for this client. Defaults to 60.-N : do not add an end of line character when printing the payload.-p : network port to connect to. Defaults to 1883.-P : provide a password (requires MQTT 3.1 broker)-q : quality of service level to use for the subscription. Defaults to 0.-R : do not print stale messages (those with retain set).-S : use SRV lookups to determine which host to connect to.-t : mqtt topic to subscribe to. May be repeated multiple times.-T : topic string to filter out of results. May be repeated.-u : provide a username (requires MQTT 3.1 broker)-v : print published messages verbosely.-V : specify the version of the MQTT protocol to use when connecting.Can be mqttv31 or mqttv311. Defaults to mqttv31.--help : display this message.--quiet : don't print error messages.--will-payload : payload for the client Will, which is sent by the broker in case ofunexpected disconnection. If not given and will-topic is set, a zerolength message will be sent.--will-qos : QoS level for the client Will.--will-retain : if given, make the client Will retained.--will-topic : the topic on which to publish the client Will.--cafile : path to a file containing trusted CA certificates to enable encryptedcertificate based communication.--capath : path to a directory containing trusted CA certificates to enable encryptedcommunication.--cert : client certificate for authentication, if required by server.--key : client private key for authentication, if required by server.--ciphers : openssl compatible list of TLS ciphers to support.--tls-version : TLS protocol version, can be one of tlsv1.2 tlsv1.1 or tlsv1.Defaults to tlsv1.2 if available.--insecure : do not check that the server certificate hostname matches the remotehostname. Using this option means that you cannot be sure that theremote host is the server you wish to connect to and so is insecure.Do not use this option in a production environment.--psk : pre-shared-key in hexadecimal (no leading 0x) to enable TLS-PSK mode.--psk-identity : client identity string for TLS-PSK mode.--proxy : SOCKS5 proxy URL of the form:socks5h://[username[:password]@]hostname[:port]Only "none" and "username" authentication is supported.See http://mosquitto.org/ for more information.

重要的选项：
-h 指定连接mqtt服务的ip地址，默认为localhost
-p 指定连接mqtt服务的端口
-t 指定订阅主题（主题：mqtt中的最重要的概念）

执行命令： mosquitto_sub -v -p 5678 -t topic，订阅topic主题

发布
使用mosquitto_pub命令发布，查看该命令的帮助与mosquitto_sub基本类似，使用同样的选项指定mqtt服务的ip地址，端口，以及发布主题等。
-m 选项：发布消息的内容
执行命令： mosquitto_pub -p 5678 -t topic -m hello
运行结果
执行发布命令后，在订阅窗口中打印接收到hello消息

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