概要

web service 和 http callout 的区别

通过Apex callout实现与外部service的接续，主要有2种类型

• 以 WSDL 为 base 的 callout，使用 xml 形式接续外部soap web service。
• 使用 REST 和 JSON 形式的 http callout。

区别

• WSDL 的 callout 主要适用于 SOAP Web service。
• Http 的 callout 使用的是 http service，既可以是 SOAP 也可以是 REST。

应用场景

• 目前主流使用 REST，工作在应用层，代码少，JSON格式易读。
• SOAP工作在网络层，主要是企业使用，主要为了统合原有application。

http callout 实装

外部 endpoint 的承认

连接外部service时，需要在sf系统首先承认外部endpoint

• 設定　⇒　クイック検索　⇒　リモートサイトの設定
• リモートサイトのURL　設定
  • 例① https://th-apex-http-callout.herokuapp.com
  • 例② https://th-apex-soap-service.herokuapp.com

callout的示意图

get 数据测试

在开发者console的匿名窗口中，输入下列代码测试

Http http = new Http();
HttpRequest request = new HttpRequest();
request.setEndpoint('https://th-apex-http-callout.herokuapp.com/animals');
request.setMethod('GET');
HttpResponse response = http.send(request);
// If the request is successful, parse the JSON response.
if (response.getStatusCode() == 200) {// Deserialize the JSON string into collections of primitive data types.Map<String, Object> results = (Map<String, Object>) JSON.deserializeUntyped(response.getBody());// Cast the values in the 'animals' key as a listList<Object> animals = (List<Object>) results.get('animals');System.debug('Received the following animals:');for (Object animal: animals) {System.debug(animal);}
}

post 数据测试

开发者console的匿名窗口中，输入下列代码测试

Http http = new Http();
HttpRequest request = new HttpRequest();
request.setEndpoint('https://th-apex-http-callout.herokuapp.com/animals');
request.setMethod('POST');
request.setHeader('Content-Type', 'application/json;charset=UTF-8');
// Set the body as a JSON object
request.setBody('{"name":"mighty moose"}');
HttpResponse response = http.send(request);
// Parse the JSON response
if (response.getStatusCode() != 201) {System.debug('The status code returned was not expected: ' +response.getStatusCode() + ' ' + response.getStatus());
} else {System.debug(response.getBody());
}

合并上面两者到一个类中

public class AnimalsCallouts {public static HttpResponse makeGetCallout() {Http http = new Http();HttpRequest request = new HttpRequest();request.setEndpoint('https://th-apex-http-callout.herokuapp.com/animals');request.setMethod('GET');HttpResponse response = http.send(request);// If the request is successful, parse the JSON response.if (response.getStatusCode() == 200) {// Deserializes the JSON string into collections of primitive data types.Map<String, Object> results = (Map<String, Object>) JSON.deserializeUntyped(response.getBody());// Cast the values in the 'animals' key as a listList<Object> animals = (List<Object>) results.get('animals');System.debug('Received the following animals:');for (Object animal: animals) {System.debug(animal);}}return response;}public static HttpResponse makePostCallout() {Http http = new Http();HttpRequest request = new HttpRequest();request.setEndpoint('https://th-apex-http-callout.herokuapp.com/animals');request.setMethod('POST');request.setHeader('Content-Type', 'application/json;charset=UTF-8');request.setBody('{"name":"mighty moose"}');HttpResponse response = http.send(request);// Parse the JSON responseif (response.getStatusCode() != 201) {System.debug('The status code returned was not expected: ' +response.getStatusCode() + ' ' + response.getStatus());} else {System.debug(response.getBody());}return response;}
}

代码测试方法

由于apex的测试类不支持callout，所有需要使用 模拟的callout来测试

方法一 使用 StaticResourceCalloutMock

开发者console中，新建 StaticResource
json格式的contents定义

{"animals": ["pesky porcupine", "hungry hippo", "squeaky squirrel"]}

新建测试类

@isTest
private class AnimalsCalloutsTest {@isTest static  void testGetCallout() {// Create the mock response based on a static resourceStaticResourceCalloutMock mock = new StaticResourceCalloutMock();mock.setStaticResource('GetAnimalResource');mock.setStatusCode(200);mock.setHeader('Content-Type', 'application/json;charset=UTF-8');// Associate the callout with a mock responseTest.setMock(HttpCalloutMock.class, mock);// Call method to testHttpResponse result = AnimalsCallouts.makeGetCallout();// Verify mock response is not nullSystem.assertNotEquals(null,result,'The callout returned a null response.');// Verify status codeSystem.assertEquals(200,result.getStatusCode(),'The status code is not 200.');// Verify content type   System.assertEquals('application/json;charset=UTF-8',result.getHeader('Content-Type'),'The content type value is not expected.');  // Verify the array contains 3 items     Map<String, Object> results = (Map<String, Object>) JSON.deserializeUntyped(result.getBody());List<Object> animals = (List<Object>) results.get('animals');System.assertEquals(3, animals.size(),'The array should only contain 3 items.');          }
}

方法二 使用 HttpCalloutMock

需要实装 HttpCalloutMock 接口类，

@isTest
global class AnimalsHttpCalloutMock implements HttpCalloutMock {// Implement this interface methodglobal HTTPResponse respond(HTTPRequest request) {// Create a fake responseHttpResponse response = new HttpResponse();response.setHeader('Content-Type', 'application/json');response.setBody('{"animals": ["majestic badger", "fluffy bunny", "scary bear", "chicken", "mighty moose"]}');response.setStatusCode(200);return response; }
}

实装测试类

@isTest static void testPostCallout() {// Set mock callout class Test.setMock(HttpCalloutMock.class, new AnimalsHttpCalloutMock()); // This causes a fake response to be sent// from the class that implements HttpCalloutMock. HttpResponse response = AnimalsCallouts.makePostCallout();// Verify that the response received contains fake valuesString contentType = response.getHeader('Content-Type');System.assert(contentType == 'application/json');String actualValue = response.getBody();System.debug(response.getBody());String expectedValue = '{"animals": ["majestic badger", "fluffy bunny", "scary bear", "chicken", "mighty moose"]}';System.assertEquals(actualValue, expectedValue);System.assertEquals(200, response.getStatusCode());
}

公开Apex 类为Web service

以REST service形式公开

• apex 类 声明为 global

• apex 方法 声明为 global static

• 付加各种宣言

  • @RestResource
  • @HttpGet
  • @HttpPost
  • @HttpDelete
  • @HttpPut
  • @HttpPatch

• endpoint 是；https://yourInstance.salesforce.com/services/apexrest/
  例:

@RestResource(urlMapping='/Account/*')
global with sharing class MyRestResource {@HttpGetglobal static Account getRecord() {// Add your code}
}

以SOAP service形式公开

• apex 类 声明为 global
• apex 方法 声明为 webservice static

例：

global with sharing class MySOAPWebService {webservice static Account getRecord(String id) {// Add your code}
}

注意： 一般情况下，是在SF中生成 WSDL 文件连携给第三方，进行实装

APEX REST 的示例

示例代码

@RestResource(urlMapping='/Cases/*')
global with sharing class CaseManager {@HttpGetglobal static Case getCaseById() {RestRequest request = RestContext.request;// grab the caseId from the end of the URLString caseId = request.requestURI.substring(request.requestURI.lastIndexOf('/')+1);Case result =  [SELECT CaseNumber,Subject,Status,Origin,PriorityFROM CaseWHERE Id = :caseId];return result;}@HttpPostglobal static ID createCase(String subject, String status,String origin, String priority) {Case thisCase = new Case(Subject=subject,Status=status,Origin=origin,Priority=priority);insert thisCase;return thisCase.Id;}   @HttpDeleteglobal static void deleteCase() {RestRequest request = RestContext.request;String caseId = request.requestURI.substring(request.requestURI.lastIndexOf('/')+1);Case thisCase = [SELECT Id FROM Case WHERE Id = :caseId];delete thisCase;}     @HttpPutglobal static ID upsertCase(String subject, String status,String origin, String priority, String id) {Case thisCase = new Case(Id=id,Subject=subject,Status=status,Origin=origin,Priority=priority);// Match case by Id, if present.// Otherwise, create new case.upsert thisCase;// Return the case ID.return thisCase.Id;}@HttpPatchglobal static ID updateCaseFields() {RestRequest request = RestContext.request;String caseId = request.requestURI.substring(request.requestURI.lastIndexOf('/')+1);Case thisCase = [SELECT Id FROM Case WHERE Id = :caseId];// Deserialize the JSON string into name-value pairsMap<String, Object> params = (Map<String, Object>)JSON.deserializeUntyped(request.requestbody.tostring());// Iterate through each parameter field and valuefor(String fieldName : params.keySet()) {// Set the field and value on the Case sObjectthisCase.put(fieldName, params.get(fieldName));}update thisCase;return thisCase.Id;}
}

测试

测试方法

• 独自的 API 客户端（Postman等）
• cURL 命令
• PHP 的 cURL库等
• WorkBench（REST Explorer）
• XXXX等其他方法

APEX REST 认证机制

• OAuth 2.0
• session认证

REST Explorer的测试

site；WorkBench
方法；Post
相对URL；/services/apexrest/Cases/
Body；

{"subject" : "Bigfoot Sighting!","status" : "New","origin" : "Phone","priority" : "Low"
}

cURL的测试

【前提条件】事先作成接续app，生成 client_id 和 client_secret
【步骤】如何通过Postman客户端测试Salesforce的REST API（用户名密码的接续app的方式

认证

curl -v https://login.salesforce.com/services/oauth2/token -d "grant_type=password" -d "client_id=<your_consumer_key>" -d "client_secret=<your_consumer_secret>" -d "username=<your_username>" -d "password=<your_password_and_security_token>" -H 'X-PrettyPrint:1'

测试

curl https://yourInstance.salesforce.com/services/apexrest/Cases/<Record_ID> -H 'Authorization: Bearer <your_session_id>' -H 'X-PrettyPrint:1'

Apex REST 测试类的生成

@IsTest
private class CaseManagerTest {@isTest static void testGetCaseById() {Id recordId = createTestRecord();// Set up a test requestRestRequest request = new RestRequest();request.requestUri ='https://yourInstance.salesforce.com/services/apexrest/Cases/'+ recordId;request.httpMethod = 'GET';RestContext.request = request;// Call the method to testCase thisCase = CaseManager.getCaseById();// Verify resultsSystem.assert(thisCase != null);System.assertEquals('Test record', thisCase.Subject);}@isTest static void testCreateCase() {// Call the method to testID thisCaseId = CaseManager.createCase('Ferocious chipmunk', 'New', 'Phone', 'Low');// Verify resultsSystem.assert(thisCaseId != null);Case thisCase = [SELECT Id,Subject FROM Case WHERE Id=:thisCaseId];System.assert(thisCase != null);System.assertEquals(thisCase.Subject, 'Ferocious chipmunk');}@isTest static void testDeleteCase() {Id recordId = createTestRecord();// Set up a test requestRestRequest request = new RestRequest();request.requestUri ='https://yourInstance.salesforce.com/services/apexrest/Cases/'+ recordId;request.httpMethod = 'GET';RestContext.request = request;// Call the method to testCaseManager.deleteCase();// Verify record is deletedList<Case> cases = [SELECT Id FROM Case WHERE Id=:recordId];System.assert(cases.size() == 0);}@isTest static void testUpsertCase() {// 1. Insert new recordID case1Id = CaseManager.upsertCase('Ferocious chipmunk', 'New', 'Phone', 'Low', null);// Verify new record was createdSystem.assert(Case1Id != null);Case case1 = [SELECT Id,Subject FROM Case WHERE Id=:case1Id];System.assert(case1 != null);System.assertEquals(case1.Subject, 'Ferocious chipmunk');// 2. Update status of existing record to WorkingID case2Id = CaseManager.upsertCase('Ferocious chipmunk', 'Working', 'Phone', 'Low', case1Id);// Verify record was updatedSystem.assertEquals(case1Id, case2Id);Case case2 = [SELECT Id,Status FROM Case WHERE Id=:case2Id];System.assert(case2 != null);System.assertEquals(case2.Status, 'Working');}    @isTest static void testUpdateCaseFields() {Id recordId = createTestRecord();RestRequest request = new RestRequest();request.requestUri ='https://yourInstance.salesforce.com/services/apexrest/Cases/'+ recordId;request.httpMethod = 'PATCH';request.addHeader('Content-Type', 'application/json');request.requestBody = Blob.valueOf('{"status": "Working"}');RestContext.request = request;// Update status of existing record to WorkingID thisCaseId = CaseManager.updateCaseFields();// Verify record was updatedSystem.assert(thisCaseId != null);Case thisCase = [SELECT Id,Status FROM Case WHERE Id=:thisCaseId];System.assert(thisCase != null);System.assertEquals(thisCase.Status, 'Working');}  // Helper methodstatic Id createTestRecord() {// Create test recordCase caseTest = new Case(Subject='Test record',Status='New',Origin='Phone',Priority='Medium');insert caseTest;return caseTest.Id;}
}

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