光的干涉与衍射的Matlab仿真及其实验观测.PDF

第39 卷第3 期 Vol.39 No.3 井冈山大学学报( 自然科学版)

2018 年5 月 May. 2018 Journal of Jinggangshan University (Natural Science) 9

井冈山大学学报( 自然科学版) 9

文章编号：1674-8085(20 18)03-0009-04

光的干涉与衍射的Matlab 仿真及其实验观测

* 曾建华，曾 伟，王志峰，赖宁安，桑志文，常 山，何鹏浩

(上饶师范学院物理与电子信息学院，江西，上饶 334001 )

摘 要：利用Matlab 仿真模拟了双缝干涉随缝宽变化的光强分布曲线，结果表明随着缝宽的增大，干涉条纹受到

单缝衍射的调制，最终变成双缝衍射。通过实验观测了不同缝宽的双缝干涉与衍射图样，发现缝宽较大呈现的是

双缝衍射现象，缝宽减小后才观测到明暗相间、等间距的双缝干涉条纹，与模拟结果 致。同时根据光的双缝干

涉与单缝衍射所测数据测定了激光波长。通过从理论与实验上对光的干涉与衍射的探究，直观地展示干涉与衍射

条纹分布特点，这能加深对光的干涉与衍射的理解和掌握。

关键词：干涉；衍射；Matlab ；缝宽；激光波长

中图分类号：O436.1 文献标识码：A DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8085.2018.03.003

MATLAB SIMULATION AND EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATION ON

INTERFERENCE AND DIFFRACTION OF LIGHT

ZENG Jian-hua, ZENG Wei, WANG Zhi-feng, LAI Ning-an, SANG Zhi-wen, Chang Shan, HE Peng-hao

(School of Physics and Electronic Information, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao, Jiangxi 334001, China)

Abstract: The distribution curve of light intensity with slit width for two-slit interference was presented by

using Matlab simulation. The results show that two-slit interference becomes two-slit diffraction while

increasing slit width, which is caused by the modulation of single-slit diffraction. Two-slit interference and

diffraction patterns with different slit widths were observed through experiments, two-slit diffraction was

showed for wide slit. Light-dark interchange and equal spacing stripes were observed after slit width was

reduced, which was consistent with simulation results. At the same time, the laser wavelength was measured

based on two-slit interference and single-slit diffraction. By exploring interference and diffraction of light in the

theory and exper