这篇文章以squid使用时的错误问题对应为例，介绍一下squid上设定DNS的方法。

现象

liumiaocn:~ liumiao$ export https_proxy=http://192.168.31.242:3128
liumiaocn:~ liumiao$ curl http://www.baidu.com
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
<html><head>
<meta type="copyright" content="Copyright (C) 1996-2020 The Squid Software Foundation and contributors">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>ERROR: The requested URL could not be retrieved</title>
<style type="text/css"><!-- /** Copyright (C) 1996-2020 The Squid Software Foundation and contributors** Squid software is distributed under GPLv2+ license and includes* contributions from numerous individuals and organizations.* Please see the COPYING and CONTRIBUTORS files for details.*//*Stylesheet for Squid Error pagesAdapted from design by Free CSS Templateshttp://www.freecsstemplates.orgReleased for free under a Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 License
*//* Page basics */
* {font-family: verdana, sans-serif;
}html body {margin: 0;padding: 0;background: #efefef;font-size: 12px;color: #1e1e1e;
}/* Page displayed title area */
#titles {margin-left: 15px;padding: 10px;padding-left: 100px;background: url('/squid-internal-static/icons/SN.png') no-repeat left;
}/* initial title */
#titles h1 {color: #000000;
}
#titles h2 {color: #000000;
}/* special event: FTP success page titles */
#titles ftpsuccess {background-color:#00ff00;width:100%;
}/* Page displayed body content area */
#content {padding: 10px;background: #ffffff;
}/* General text */
p {
}/* error brief description */
#error p {
}/* some data which may have caused the problem */
#data {
}/* the error message received from the system or other software */
#sysmsg {
}pre {
}/* special event: FTP / Gopher directory listing */
#dirmsg {font-family: courier, monospace;color: black;font-size: 10pt;
}
#dirlisting {margin-left: 2%;margin-right: 2%;
}
#dirlisting tr.entry td.icon,td.filename,td.size,td.date {border-bottom: groove;
}
#dirlisting td.size {width: 50px;text-align: right;padding-right: 5px;
}/* horizontal lines */
hr {margin: 0;
}/* page displayed footer area */
#footer {font-size: 9px;padding-left: 10px;
}body
:lang(fa) { direction: rtl; font-size: 100%; font-family: Tahoma, Roya, sans-serif; float: right; }
:lang(he) { direction: rtl; }--></style>
</head><body id=ERR_DNS_FAIL>
<div id="titles">
<h1>ERROR</h1>
<h2>The requested URL could not be retrieved</h2>
</div>
<hr><div id="content">
<p>The following error was encountered while trying to retrieve the URL: <a href="http://www.baidu.com/">http://www.baidu.com/</a></p><blockquote id="error">
<p><b>Unable to determine IP address from host name <q>www.baidu.com</q></b></p>
</blockquote><p>The DNS server returned:</p>
<blockquote id="data">
<pre>No DNS records</pre>
</blockquote><p>This means that the cache was not able to resolve the hostname presented in the URL. Check if the address is correct.</p><p>Your cache administrator is <a href="mailto:webmaster?subject=CacheErrorInfo%20-%20ERR_DNS_FAIL&amp;body=CacheHost%3A%20localhost%0D%0AErrPage%3A%20ERR_DNS_FAIL%0D%0AErr%3A%20%5Bnone%5D%0D%0ADNS%20ErrMsg%3A%20No%20DNS%20records%0D%0ATimeStamp%3A%20Wed,%2016%20Sep%202020%2013%3A03%3A39%20GMT%0D%0A%0D%0AClientIP%3A%20192.168.31.242%0D%0A%0D%0AHTTP%20Request%3A%0D%0AGET%20%2F%20HTTP%2F1.1%0AUser-Agent%3A%20curl%2F7.64.1%0D%0AAccept%3A%20*%2F*%0D%0AProxy-Connection%3A%20Keep-Alive%0D%0AHost%3A%20www.baidu.com%0D%0A%0D%0A%0D%0A">webmaster</a>.</p>
<br>
</div><hr>
<div id="footer">
<p>Generated Wed, 16 Sep 2020 13:03:39 GMT by localhost (squid/4.13)</p>
<!-- ERR_DNS_FAIL -->
</div>
</body></html>
liumiaocn:~ liumiao$

错误原因

错误信息提示的非常清楚：This means that the cache was not able to resolve the hostname presented in the URL. Check if the address is correct. 然后再看一下会看到如下错误信息：Unable to determine IP address from host name，所以典型的DNS错误，但是需要注意的是却不是操作系统的网络设定处的DNS设定

设定方法

在如下squid的配置文件中添加8.8.8.8 和 8.8.4.4作为dns服务器

liumiaocn:~ liumiao$ grep dns /usr/local/etc/squid.conf
liumiaocn:~ liumiao$ vi /usr/local/etc/squid.conf
liumiaocn:~ liumiao$ grep dns /usr/local/etc/squid.conf
dns_nameservers 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4
liumiaocn:~ liumiao$

重启squid服务

liumiaocn:~ liumiao$ brew services restart squid
Stopping `squid`... (might take a while)
==> Successfully stopped `squid` (label: homebrew.mxcl.squid)
==> Successfully started `squid` (label: homebrew.mxcl.squid)
liumiaocn:~ liumiao$
liumiaocn:~ liumiao$ brew services list |grep squid
squid started liumiao /Users/liumiao/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.squid.plist
liumiaocn:~ liumiao$

结果确认

liumiaocn:~ liumiao$ export https_proxy=http://192.168.31.242:3128
liumiaocn:~ liumiao$ curl http://www.baidu.com
<!DOCTYPE html>
<!--STATUS OK--><html> <head><meta http-equiv=content-type content=text/html;charset=utf-8><meta http-equiv=X-UA-Compatible content=IE=Edge><meta content=always name=referrer><link rel=stylesheet type=text/css href=http://s1.bdstatic.com/r/www/cache/bdorz/baidu.min.css><title>百度一下，你就知道</title></head> <body link=#0000cc> <div id=wrapper> <div id=head> <div class=head_wrapper> <div class=s_form> <div class=s_form_wrapper> <div id=lg> <img hidefocus=true src=//www.baidu.com/img/bd_logo1.png width=270 height=129> </div> <form id=form name=f action=//www.baidu.com/s class=fm> <input type=hidden name=bdorz_come value=1> <input type=hidden name=ie value=utf-8> <input type=hidden name=f value=8> <input type=hidden name=rsv_bp value=1> <input type=hidden name=rsv_idx value=1> <input type=hidden name=tn value=baidu><span class="bg s_ipt_wr"><input id=kw name=wd class=s_ipt value maxlength=255 autocomplete=off autofocus></span><span class="bg s_btn_wr"><input type=submit id=su value=百度一下 class="bg s_btn"></span> </form> </div> </div> <div id=u1> <a href=http://news.baidu.com name=tj_trnews class=mnav>新闻</a> <a href=http://www.hao123.com name=tj_trhao123 class=mnav>hao123</a> <a href=http://map.baidu.com name=tj_trmap class=mnav>地图</a> <a href=http://v.baidu.com name=tj_trvideo class=mnav>视频</a> <a href=http://tieba.baidu.com name=tj_trtieba class=mnav>贴吧</a> <noscript> <a href=http://www.baidu.com/bdorz/login.gif?login&amp;tpl=mn&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baidu.com%2f%3fbdorz_come%3d1 name=tj_login class=lb>登录</a> </noscript> <script>document.write('<a href="http://www.baidu.com/bdorz/login.gif?login&tpl=mn&u='+ encodeURIComponent(window.location.href+ (window.location.search === "" ? "?" : "&")+ "bdorz_come=1")+ '" name="tj_login" class="lb">登录</a>');</script> <a href=//www.baidu.com/more/ name=tj_briicon class=bri style="display: block;">更多产品</a> </div> </div> </div> <div id=ftCon> <div id=ftConw> <p id=lh> <a href=http://home.baidu.com>关于百度</a> <a href=http://ir.baidu.com>About Baidu</a> </p> <p id=cp>&copy;2017&nbsp;Baidu&nbsp;<a href=http://www.baidu.com/duty/>使用百度前必读</a>&nbsp; <a href=http://jianyi.baidu.com/ class=cp-feedback>意见反馈</a>&nbsp;京ICP证030173号&nbsp; <img src=//www.baidu.com/img/gs.gif> </p> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html>
liumiaocn:~ liumiao$

总结

在squid中添加dns的服务器即可解决squid中无法进行ip和域名更换的问题，实际在这一点上MacOS和Linux并无不同。

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MacOS基础：代理服务器squid的DNS设定方法

目录

现象

错误原因

设定方法

重启squid服务

结果确认

总结

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