基于D3js以及Neo4j的知识图谱系统开发
因为要做这个知识图谱,对这方面完全是小白
D3js和这个Neo4j是啥咱也不清楚,学呗!
1前置知识
1.1D3.jshttps://www.d3js.org.cn/
1.1.1力图
https://observablehq.com/@d3/force-directed-graph
miserable.json存放一些测试数据文件
1.1.2分析一下这些数据
node(节点)节点的对象里有两个属性,一个是id,一个是grouplink(连接线)三个属性source(源节点id)、target(目标节点id)、value(线长)
1.1.3项目中安装d3
应该要全局安装吧,我现在也整不明白,就这吧
1.1.4认识初始化函数
可以看出,官网给的则个函数有两个参数,其中第一个参数是这个提供的数据,第二个参数(为啥可以这样写呢?是指定默认值吗)
1.1.5效果
代码
<template><div class="hello"><h1>力图测试</h1><div class="container"></div></div>
</template><script>
import * as d3 from 'd3'export default {name: 'HelloWorld',props: {},data() {return {testGraph : {"nodes": [{"id": "Myriel", "group": 1},。。。。。此处省略],"links": [{"source": "Napoleon", "target": "Myriel", "value": 1},。。。。。此处省略]}}},mounted() {this.initGraph(this.testGraph,{nodeId: d => d.id,nodeGroup: d => d.group,nodeTitle: d => `${d.id}\n${d.group}`,linkStrokeWidth: l => Math.sqrt(l.value),width :640,height: 600,// invalidation // a promise to stop the simulation when the cell is re-run})},methods: {initGraph({nodes, // an iterable of node objects (typically [{id}, …])links // an iterable of link objects (typically [{source, target}, …])}, {nodeId = d => d.id, // given d in nodes, returns a unique identifier (string)nodeGroup, // given d in nodes, returns an (ordinal) value for colornodeGroups, // an array of ordinal values representing the node groupsnodeTitle, // given d in nodes, a title stringnodeFill = "currentColor", // node stroke fill (if not using a group color encoding)nodeStroke = "#fff", // node stroke colornodeStrokeWidth = 1.5, // node stroke width, in pixelsnodeStrokeOpacity = 1, // node stroke opacitynodeRadius = 5, // node radius, in pixelsnodeStrength,linkSource = ({source}) => source, // given d in links, returns a node identifier stringlinkTarget = ({target}) => target, // given d in links, returns a node identifier stringlinkStroke = "#999", // link stroke colorlinkStrokeOpacity = 0.6, // link stroke opacitylinkStrokeWidth = 1.5, // given d in links, returns a stroke width in pixelslinkStrokeLinecap = "round", // link stroke linecaplinkStrength,// colors = d3.schemeTableau10, // an array of color strings, for the node groupscolors = d3.schemeCategory10,// -十个分类颜色的数组,表示为 RGB 十六进制字符串。width = 640, // outer width, in pixelsheight = 400, // outer height, in pixels//invalidation(失效)// invalidation // when this promise resolves, stop the simulation} = {}) {// Compute values.const N = d3.map(nodes, nodeId).map(intern);//生成一个map对象const LS = d3.map(links, linkSource).map(intern);const LT = d3.map(links, linkTarget).map(intern);if (nodeTitle === undefined) nodeTitle = (_, i) => N[i];const T = nodeTitle == null ? null : d3.map(nodes, nodeTitle);const G = nodeGroup == null ? null : d3.map(nodes, nodeGroup).map(intern);const W = typeof linkStrokeWidth !== "function" ? null : d3.map(links, linkStrokeWidth);const L = typeof linkStroke !== "function" ? null : d3.map(links, linkStroke);// Replace the input nodes and links with mutable(可变的) objects for the simulation.nodes = d3.map(nodes, (_, i) => ({id: N[i]}));links = d3.map(links, (_, i) => ({source: LS[i], target: LT[i]}));// Compute default domains.if (G && nodeGroups === undefined) nodeGroups = d3.sort(G);// Construct the scales(规模,等级,尺寸).序数比例尺,将一组命名类别映射到一组颜色const color = nodeGroup == null ? null : d3.scaleOrdinal(nodeGroups, colors);// Construct the forces.const forceNode = d3.forceManyBody();const forceLink = d3.forceLink(links).id(({index: i}) => N[i]);if (nodeStrength !== undefined) forceNode.strength(nodeStrength);if (linkStrength !== undefined) forceLink.strength(linkStrength);const simulation = d3.forceSimulation(nodes).force("link", forceLink).force("charge", forceNode).force("center", d3.forceCenter()).on("tick", ticked);// const svg = d3.create("svg")// .attr("width", width)// .attr("height", height)// .attr("viewBox", [-width / 2, -height / 2, width, height])// .attr("style", "max-width: 100%; height: auto; height: intrinsic;");//重写,node和link的容器const svg = d3.select(".container").append("svg").attr("width", width).attr("height", height).attr("viewBox", [-width / 2, -height / 2, width, height]).attr("style", "max-width: 100%; height: auto; height: intrinsic;");const link = svg.append("g").attr("stroke", typeof linkStroke !== "function" ? linkStroke : null).attr("stroke-opacity", linkStrokeOpacity).attr("stroke-width", typeof linkStrokeWidth !== "function" ? linkStrokeWidth : null).attr("stroke-linecap", linkStrokeLinecap).selectAll("line").data(links).join("line");const node = svg.append("g").attr("fill", nodeFill).attr("stroke", nodeStroke).attr("stroke-opacity", nodeStrokeOpacity).attr("stroke-width", nodeStrokeWidth).selectAll("circle").data(nodes).join("circle").attr("r", nodeRadius)// .call(drag(simulation).call(drag(simulation));if (W) link.attr("stroke-width", ({index: i}) => W[i]);if (L) link.attr("stroke", ({index: i}) => L[i]);if (G) node.attr("fill", ({index: i}) => color(G[i]));if (T) node.append("title").text(({index: i}) => T[i]);//鼠标悬浮时,节点显示的信息// node.append('title').text(d => d.id);// if (invalidation != null) invalidation.then(() => simulation.stop());//intern(实习生,扣留)//传给迭代器函数map的函数,用来筛选值function intern(value) {return value !== null && typeof value === "object" ? value.valueOf() : value;}//tick 给……打勾function ticked() {link.attr("x1", d => d.source.x).attr("y1", d => d.source.y).attr("x2", d => d.target.x).attr("y2", d => d.target.y);node.attr("cx", d => d.x).attr("cy", d => d.y);}function drag(simulation) { //拖动开始 function dragstarted(event) {if (!event.active) simulation.alphaTarget(0.3).restart();event.subject.fx = event.subject.x;event.subject.fy = event.subject.y;}//拖动function dragged(event) {event.subject.fx = event.x;event.subject.fy = event.y;}//拖动结束function dragended(event) {if (!event.active) simulation.alphaTarget(0);event.subject.fx = null;event.subject.fy = null;}//绑定返回return d3.drag().on("start", dragstarted).on("drag", dragged).on("end", dragended);}//Object.assign()合并两个对象return Object.assign(svg.node(), {scales: {color}});}},
}
</script><!-- Add "scoped" attribute to limit CSS to this component only -->
<style scoped></style>
1.2Neo4j
Install Neo4j
oh,no, 删了重新下吧
Open Neo4j Browser
Start Up the Neo4j Browser Visit: http://localhost:7474/
Default login is username ‘neo4j’ and password ‘neo4j’ (full installation instructions below)
然后可以重设用户名密码
Explore Sample Datasets
点击第二页的Create就可以看到如下效果
SpringBoot连接Neo4j
https://spring.io/guides/gs/accessing-data-neo4j/文档
做的时候和文档不太一样
org.springframework.boot
spring-boot-starter-data-neo4j
spring.neo4j.uri=bolt://localhost:7687
spring.data.neo4j.username=neo4j
spring.data.neo4j.password=secret
跨域
后端
前端
默认写的不清楚是啥,覆盖就行
测试
前端
this.axios.get('http://localhost:8329/person/'+'Kiefer Sutherland').then((relove)=>{console.log(relove)}).catch((error)=>{console.log(error)})
后端
@GetMapping("/{name}")public Person findByName(@PathVariable("name") String name){return personServiindByName(name);}
1.3其他
vue咱学过了,咱会哈
VSCODE搭建vue脚手架
vue create 01_vue,选择的是vue2,3咱还不会
2 一个实践
前后端分离,从数据库中获得人物与电影之间的关系,生成力图
just be like:
2.1从后端获取节点和连接线的数据,并初始化svg
mounted(){var _this = thisconsole.log(this.testGraph)this.axios.get('http://localhost:8329/person/queryNodes/'+'actedby'+'/'+'Keanu Reeves').then((resolve)=>{console.log(resolve)_this.testGraph["nodes"] = resolve.data;_this.axios.get('http://localhost:8329/person/queryLinks/'+'actedby'+'/'+'Keanu Reeves').then((resolve)=>{console.log(resolve)_this.testGraph["links"] = resolve.data;this.ForceGraph(_this.testGraph, {nodeId: d => d.id,nodeGroup: d => d.group,nodeTitle: d => `${d.id}\n${d.group}`,linkStrokeWidth: l => Math.sqrt(l.value),width: 640,height: 600,// invalidation // a promise to stop the simulation when the cell is re-run})}).catch((error)=>{console.log(error);})}).catch((error)=>{console.log(error);})},
本来想把异步函数(获取数据的axios)写在created里,但是不知道为什么初始化时获得的数据为空,可能是。。。还不清楚是什么问题,如果有人解答,感激不尽
看一眼前端数据的格式
2.2生成节点和节点内容
const node = svg.append("g").attr("fill", nodeFill).attr("stroke", nodeStroke).attr("stroke-opacity", nodeStrokeOpacity).attr("stroke-width", nodeStrokeWidth).selectAll("circle").data(nodes).join("circle").attr("r", nodeRadius).call(drag(simulation));const nodeText = svg.append("g").selectAll("text").data(nodes).join("text").text(d => d.id)//填充的内容.attr("dx",function () {//水平方向上偏移,是文本内容宽度的一半return this.getBoundingClientRect().width/2*(-1)}).attr("dy",50).attr("class","nodeText")
ticked函数
node.attr("cx", d => d.x).attr("cy", d => d.y);nodeText.attr("x",d => d.x).attr("y",d => d.y);
2.3 生成线
将线的类型从line改为path,更为灵活
const link = svg.append("g").attr("stroke", typeof linkStroke !== "function" ? linkStroke : null).attr("stroke-opacity", linkStrokeOpacity).attr("stroke-width", typeof linkStrokeWidth !== "function" ? linkStrokeWidth : null).attr("stroke-linecap", linkStrokeLinecap).attr("marker-end", "url(#positiveMarker)")//在末尾处进行标记,url指明标记的内容,这个用于生成连接线末尾的标记,具体看2.4.selectAll("path")//path 比line更加灵活.data(links).join("path")//给path增加一个属性id,使得文字能够依附在线上,这个用于将连接线上的内容与连接线绑定,具体看2.5.attr("id",d => d.source.id+"_"+d.relationship+"_"+d.target.id);
ticked函数
link//意为起点的(x1,y1)到终点的(x2,y2)之间的连线// .attr("x1", d => d.source.x)// .attr("y1", d => d.source.y)// .attr("x2", d => d.target.x)// .attr("y2", d => d.target.y);//path和line指明路径的方式不一样//意为画笔移动到(Move)(d.source.x,d.source.y)画一条线(Line)到点(d.target.x,d.target.y).attr("d",d=>'M'+d.source.x+" "+d.source.y+"L"+d.target.x+" "+d.target.y)
2.4 生成末尾箭头
const marker = svg.append("marker").attr("id","positiveMarker")//给一个id属性,link就能获得这个id.attr("orient","auto")//自动调整方向.attr("stroke-width",2)//箭头粗细.attr("markerUnits", "strokeWidth")//匹配调整粗细的问题.attr("markerUnits", "userSpaceOnUse")//匹配调整粗细的问题.attr("viewBox", "0 -5 10 10")//箭头所在的可视范围.attr("refX", 35)//偏移.attr("refY", 0)//.attr("markerWidth", 12).attr("markerHeight", 12).append("path").attr("d", "M 0 -5 L 10 0 L 0 5")//path的形状.attr('fill', '#999').attr("stroke-opacity", 0.6);
2.5 生成连接线上的内容
const linksName = svg.append("g").selectAll("text").data(links).join("text").attr('x',100).attr('y',80).style('text-anchor','middle').style('fill', 'red').style('font-size', '10px').style('font-weight', 'bold').append('textPath')//将textpath的g标签放在text下//path的id.attr('xlink:href',d =>"#"+d.source.id+"_"+d.relationship+"_"+d.target.id).text(d => d.relationship);
2.6 完整代码
注释没有删,而且没有搞明白为什么在
<template><div><div class="container"></div></div>
</template><script>
import * as d3 from 'd3'export default {name: 'Test01',props: {},data() {return {nodes: [],links: [],testGraph : {"nodes": [],"links": []}// testGraph : {// }}},mounted(){var _this = thisconsole.log(this.testGraph)this.axios.get('http://localhost:8329/person/queryNodes/'+'actedby'+'/'+'Keanu Reeves').then((resolve)=>{console.log(resolve)_this.testGraph["nodes"] = resolve.data;_this.axios.get('http://localhost:8329/person/queryLinks/'+'actedby'+'/'+'Keanu Reeves').then((resolve)=>{console.log(resolve)_this.testGraph["links"] = resolve.data;this.ForceGraph(_this.testGraph, {nodeId: d => d.id,nodeGroup: d => d.group,nodeTitle: d => `${d.id}\n${d.group}`,linkStrokeWidth: l => Math.sqrt(l.value),width: 640,height: 600,// invalidation // a promise to stop the simulation when the cell is re-run})}).catch((error)=>{console.log(error);})}).catch((error)=>{console.log(error);})},methods: {ForceGraph({nodes, // an iterable of node objects (typically [{id}, …])links // an iterable of link objects (typically [{source, target}, …])}, {nodeId = d => d.id, // given d in nodes, returns a unique identifier (string)nodeGroup, // given d in nodes, returns an (ordinal) value for colornodeGroups, // an array of ordinal values representing the node groupsnodeTitle, // given d in nodes, a title stringnodeFill = "currentColor", // node stroke fill (if not using a group color encoding)nodeStroke = "#fff", // node stroke colornodeStrokeWidth = 1.5, // node stroke width, in pixelsnodeStrokeOpacity = 1, // node stroke opacitynodeRadius = 30, // node radius, in pixelsnodeStrength,linkSource = ({source}) => source, // given d in links, returns a node identifier stringlinkTarget = ({target}) => target, // given d in links, returns a node identifier stringlinkStroke = "#999", // link stroke colorlinkStrokeOpacity = 0.6, // link stroke opacitylinkStrokeWidth = 1.5, // given d in links, returns a stroke width in pixelslinkStrokeLinecap = "round", // link stroke linecaplinkStrength,colors = d3.schemeTableau10, // an array of color strings, for the node groupswidth = 640, // outer width, in pixelsheight = 400, // outer height, in pixels// invalidation // when this promise resolves, stop the simulation} = {}) {// Compute values.const N = d3.map(nodes, nodeId).map(intern);const LS = d3.map(links, linkSource).map(intern);const LT = d3.map(links, linkTarget).map(intern);if (nodeTitle === undefined) nodeTitle = (_, i) => N[i];const T = nodeTitle == null ? null : d3.map(nodes, nodeTitle);const G = nodeGroup == null ? null : d3.map(nodes, nodeGroup).map(intern);const W = typeof linkStrokeWidth !== "function" ? null : d3.map(links, linkStrokeWidth);const L = typeof linkStroke !== "function" ? null : d3.map(links, linkStroke);// Replace the input nodes and links with mutable objects for the simulation.// nodes = d3.map(nodes, (_, i) => ({id: N[i]}));// links = d3.map(links, (_, i) => ({source: LS[i], target: LT[i]}));// Compute default domains.if (G && nodeGroups === undefined) nodeGroups = d3.sort(G);// Construct the scales.const color = nodeGroup == null ? null : d3.scaleOrdinal(nodeGroups, colors);// Construct the forces.const forceNode = d3.forceManyBody();const forceLink = d3.forceLink(links).id(({index: i}) => N[i]).distance(200);if (nodeStrength !== undefined) forceNode.strength(nodeStrength);if (linkStrength !== undefined) forceLink.strength(linkStrength);const simulation = d3.forceSimulation(nodes).force("link", forceLink).force("charge", forceNode).force("center", d3.forceCenter()).on("tick", ticked);// const svg = d3.create("svg")// .attr("width", width)// .attr("height", height)// .attr("viewBox", [-width / 2, -height / 2, width, height])// .attr("style", "max-width: 100%; height: auto; height: intrinsic;");//重写,node和link的容器const svg = d3.select(".container").append("svg").attr("width", width).attr("height", height).attr("viewBox", [-width / 2, -height / 2, width, height]).attr("style", "max-width: 100%; height: auto; height: intrinsic;");const marker = svg.append("marker").attr("id","positiveMarker")//指明方向.attr("orient","auto")//自动调整方向.attr("stroke-width",2)//箭头粗细.attr("markerUnits", "strokeWidth")//匹配调整粗细的问题.attr("markerUnits", "userSpaceOnUse")//匹配调整粗细的问题.attr("viewBox", "0 -5 10 10")//箭头所在的可视范围.attr("refX", 35)//偏移.attr("refY", 0)//.attr("markerWidth", 12).attr("markerHeight", 12).append("path").attr("d", "M 0 -5 L 10 0 L 0 5")//path的形状.attr('fill', '#999').attr("stroke-opacity", 0.6);// const negativeMarker = this.svgArea.append("marker")// .attr("id","negativeMarker")// .attr("orient","auto")// .attr("stroke-width",2)// .attr("markerUnits", "strokeWidth")// .attr("markerUnits", "userSpaceOnUse")// .attr("viewBox", "0 -5 10 10")// .attr("refX", -25)// .attr("refY", 0)// .attr("markerWidth", 12)// .attr("markerHeight", 12)// .append("path")// .attr("d", "M 10 -5 L 0 0 L 10 5")// .attr('fill', '#999')// .attr("stroke-opacity", 0.6);const link = svg.append("g").attr("stroke", typeof linkStroke !== "function" ? linkStroke : null).attr("stroke-opacity", linkStrokeOpacity).attr("stroke-width", typeof linkStrokeWidth !== "function" ? linkStrokeWidth : null).attr("stroke-linecap", linkStrokeLinecap).attr("marker-end", "url(#positiveMarker)")//在末尾处进行标记,url指明标记的内容.selectAll("path")//path 比line更加灵活// .data(links).data(links).join("path")//给path增加一个属性id,使得文字能够依附在线上.attr("id",d => d.source.id+"_"+d.relationship+"_"+d.target.id);const linksName = svg.append("g").selectAll("text").data(links).join("text").attr('x',100).attr('y',80).style('text-anchor','middle').style('fill', 'red').style('font-size', '10px').style('font-weight', 'bold').append('textPath')//将textpath的g标签放在text下//path的id.attr('xlink:href',d =>"#"+d.source.id+"_"+d.relationship+"_"+d.target.id).text(d => d.relationship);const node = svg.append("g").attr("fill", nodeFill).attr("stroke", nodeStroke).attr("stroke-opacity", nodeStrokeOpacity).attr("stroke-width", nodeStrokeWidth).selectAll("circle").data(nodes).join("circle").attr("r", nodeRadius).call(drag(simulation));const nodeText = svg.append("g").selectAll("text").data(nodes).join("text").text(d => d.id).attr("dx",function () {return this.getBoundingClientRect().width/2*(-1)}).attr("dy",50).attr("class","nodeText")if (W) link.attr("stroke-width", ({index: i}) => W[i]);if (L) link.attr("stroke", ({index: i}) => L[i]);if (G) node.attr("fill", ({index: i}) => color(G[i]));if (T) node.append("title").text(({index: i}) => T[i]);// if (invalidation != null) invalidation.then(() => simulation.stop());function intern(value) {return value !== null && typeof value === "object" ? value.valueOf() : value;}function ticked() {link//意为起点的(x1,y1)到终点的(x2,y2)之间的连线// .attr("x1", d => d.source.x)// .attr("y1", d => d.source.y)// .attr("x2", d => d.target.x)// .attr("y2", d => d.target.y);//path和line指明路径的方式不一样//意为起点移动到(Move)(d.source.x,d.source.y)画一条线(Line)到点(d.target.x,d.target.y).attr("d",d=>'M'+d.source.x+" "+d.source.y+"L"+d.target.x+" "+d.target.y)node.attr("cx", d => d.x).attr("cy", d => d.y);nodeText.attr("x",d => d.x).attr("y",d => d.y);}function drag(simulation) { function dragstarted(event) {if (!event.active) simulation.alphaTarget(0.3).restart();event.subject.fx = event.subject.x;event.subject.fy = event.subject.y;}function dragged(event) {event.subject.fx = event.x;event.subject.fy = event.y;}function dragended(event) {if (!event.active) simulation.alphaTarget(0);event.subject.fx = null;event.subject.fy = null;}return d3.drag().on("start", dragstarted).on("drag", dragged).on("end", dragended);}return Object.assign(svg.node(), {scales: {color}});}},
}
</script><!-- Add "scoped" attribute to limit CSS to this component only -->
<style scoped>
body{margin: 0px;
}
.container{background-color : pink;
}
.node{stroke:#fff;stroke-width:1;cursor: pointer;
}.node:hover{stroke-width:5;
}.nodeText{fill:white;
}
</style>
参考
B站视频地址:https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV11Q4y1M7MS?p=1
D3API:https://www.d3js.org.cn/document/
svg起步:https://www.d3js.org.cn/svg/get_start/
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