2048这个小游戏大家都不陌生，应该都玩过，之前已经在网上见过各个版本的2048实现了，有JAVA、HTML5等，今天我就给大家来一个我自己在 实验楼 学到的python版2048。所有代码加起来才200行，不用很麻烦很累就可以写一个 2048 游戏出来。

游戏的具体规则什么的就不多说了，自己亲自去玩一下就清楚了。

导入需要的包

    import cursesfrom random import randrange, choicefrom collections import defaultdict

游戏主逻辑

用户行为

用户在玩游戏的主要输入分为六种，"上，下，左，右，游戏重置，退出"用 actions 表示

actions = ['Up', 'Left', 'Down', 'Right', 'Restart', 'Exit']

分别用 W（上），A（左），S（下），D（右），R（重置），Q（退出），进行输入来操作游戏，这里考虑到大写锁定键锁定的情况：

letter_codes = [ord(ch) for ch in 'WASDRQwasdrq']

将输入与行为进行关联：

actions_dict = dict(zip(letter_codes, actions * 2))

用户输入处理

阻塞＋循环，直到获得用户有效输入才返回对应行为：

def get_user_action(keyboard):    char = "N"while char not in actions_dict:    char = keyboard.getch()return actions_dict[char]

矩阵转置与矩阵逆转

这两个操作主要是用户在操作游戏之后对棋盘状态的变化以及修改，拥有这两个函数能够节省不少的代码量。

矩阵转置：

def transpose(field):return [list(row) for row in zip(*field)]

矩阵逆转（不是逆矩阵）：

def invert(field):return [row[::-1] for row in field]

创建棋盘

初始化棋盘的参数，可以指定棋盘的高和宽以及游戏胜利条件，默认是最经典的 4x4～2048。

class GameField(object):
def __init__(self, height=4, width=4, win=2048):self.height = height       #高self.width = width         #宽self.win_value = 2048      #过关分数self.score = 0             #当前分数self.highscore = 0         #最高分self.reset()               #棋盘重置

棋盘操作

随机生成一个 2 或者 4

def spawn(self):new_element = 4 if randrange(100) > 89 else 2(i,j) = choice([(i,j) for i in range(self.width) for j in range(self.height) if self.field[i][j] == 0])self.field[i][j] = new_element

重置棋盘

def reset(self):if self.score > self.highscore:self.highscore = self.scoreself.score = 0self.field = [[0 for i in range(self.width)] for j in range(self.height)]self.spawn()self.spawn()

一行向左合并

(注：这一操作是在 move 内定义的，拆出来是为了方便阅读)

def move_row_left(row):def tighten(row): # 把零散的非零单元挤到一块new_row = [i for i in row if i != 0]new_row += [0 for i in range(len(row) - len(new_row))]return new_rowdef merge(row): # 对邻近元素进行合并pair = Falsenew_row = []for i in range(len(row)):if pair:new_row.append(2 * row[i])self.score += 2 * row[i]pair = Falseelse:if i + 1 < len(row) and row[i] == row[i + 1]:pair = Truenew_row.append(0)else:new_row.append(row[i])assert len(new_row) == len(row)return new_row#先挤到一块再合并再挤到一块return tighten(merge(tighten(row)))

棋盘走一步

通过对矩阵进行转置与逆转，可以直接从左移得到其余三个方向的移动操作

def move(self, direction):def move_row_left(row):#一行向左合并moves = {}moves['Left']  = lambda field: [move_row_left(row) for row in field]moves['Right'] = lambda field: invert(moves['Left'](invert(field)))moves['Up']    = lambda field: transpose(moves['Left'](transpose(field)))moves['Down']  = lambda field: transpose(moves['Right'](transpose(field)))if direction in moves:if self.move_is_possible(direction):self.field = moves[direction](self.field)self.spawn()return Trueelse:return False

判断输赢

def is_win(self):return any(any(i >= self.win_value for i in row) for row in self.field)def is_gameover(self):return not any(self.move_is_possible(move) for move in actions)

判断能否移动

def move_is_possible(self, direction):def row_is_left_movable(row): def change(i):if row[i] == 0 and row[i + 1] != 0: # 可以移动return Trueif row[i] != 0 and row[i + 1] == row[i]: # 可以合并return Truereturn Falsereturn any(change(i) for i in range(len(row) - 1))check = {}check['Left']  = lambda field: any(row_is_left_movable(row) for row in field)check['Right'] = lambda field: check['Left'](invert(field))check['Up']    = lambda field: check['Left'](transpose(field))check['Down']  = lambda field: check['Right'](transpose(field))if direction in check:return check[direction](self.field)else:return False

绘制游戏界面

（注：这一步是在棋盘类内定义的）

def draw(self, screen):help_string1 = '(W)Up (S)Down (A)Left (D)Right'help_string2 = '     (R)Restart (Q)Exit'gameover_string = '           GAME OVER'win_string = '          YOU WIN!'def cast(string):screen.addstr(string + '\n')#绘制水平分割线def draw_hor_separator():line = '+' + ('+------' * self.width + '+')[1:]separator = defaultdict(lambda: line)if not hasattr(draw_hor_separator, "counter"):draw_hor_separator.counter = 0cast(separator[draw_hor_separator.counter])draw_hor_separator.counter += 1def draw_row(row):cast(''.join('|{: ^5} '.format(num) if num > 0 else '|      ' for num in row) + '|')screen.clear()cast('SCORE: ' + str(self.score))if 0 != self.highscore:cast('HGHSCORE: ' + str(self.highscore))for row in self.field:draw_hor_separator()draw_row(row)draw_hor_separator()if self.is_win():cast(win_string)else:if self.is_gameover():cast(gameover_string)else:cast(help_string1)cast(help_string2)

完成主逻辑

完成以上工作后，我们就可以补完主逻辑了！

def main(stdscr):def init():#重置游戏棋盘game_field.reset()return 'Game'def not_game(state):#画出 GameOver 或者 Win 的界面game_field.draw(stdscr)#读取用户输入得到action，判断是重启游戏还是结束游戏action = get_user_action(stdscr)responses = defaultdict(lambda: state) #默认是当前状态，没有行为就会一直在当前界面循环responses['Restart'], responses['Exit'] = 'Init', 'Exit' #对应不同的行为转换到不同的状态return responses[action]def game():#画出当前棋盘状态game_field.draw(stdscr)#读取用户输入得到actionaction = get_user_action(stdscr)if action == 'Restart':return 'Init'if action == 'Exit':return 'Exit'if game_field.move(action): # move successfulif game_field.is_win():return 'Win'if game_field.is_gameover():return 'Gameover'return 'Game'state_actions = {'Init': init,'Win': lambda: not_game('Win'),'Gameover': lambda: not_game('Gameover'),'Game': game}curses.use_default_colors()game_field = GameField(win=32)state = 'Init'#状态机开始循环while state != 'Exit':state = state_actions[state]()

运行

填上最后一行代码：

curses.wrapper(main)

运行看看吧！

$ python 2048.py

详细代码参见：http://git.shiyanlou.com/littlemonkey/shiyanlou_cs368/src/master/2048.py