原文地址：

https://www.cnblogs.com/CharlesGrant/p/7155211.html

Android对外模模式(peripheral)的支持：

从Android 5.0＋开始才支持。 api level >= 21

所以5.0 之前设备，是不能向外发送广播的。

Android中心设备(central)的支持：

从Android 4.3+ 。 api level >= 18

1、初始化蓝牙

2、检查ble是否可用

3、开启广播

4、扫描响应数据

5、创建iBeacon 广播数据

6、广播设置

7、开启广播后的回调

（1）初始化蓝牙：

添加权限：

 1     <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" />2     <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" />3     <!-- 6.0之后蓝牙还需要地理位置权限 -->4     <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION" />5     <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" />6 7     <!-- 自行判断 -->8     <uses-feature9         android:name="android.hardware.bluetooth_le"
10         android:required="false" />

初始化：

1 //初始化BluetoothManager和BluetoothAdapter
2  if (mBluetoothManager == null) {
3      mBluetoothManager = (BluetoothManager) mContext.getSystemService(BLUETOOTH_SERVICE);
4  }
5
6  if (mBluetoothManager != null && mBluetoothAdapter == null) {
7      mBluetoothAdapter = mBluetoothManager.getAdapter();
8  }

（2）检查是否可使用ble：

 1 if (!activity.getPackageManager().hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_BLUETOOTH_LE)) {2    Toast.makeText(activity, "不支持ble", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); 4    return;5 }6 7 final BluetoothManager mBluetoothManager = (BluetoothManager) activity.getSystemService(BLUETOOTH_SERVICE);8 mBluetoothAdapter = mBluetoothManager.getAdapter();9
10 if (mBluetoothAdapter == null) {
11    Toast.makeText(activity, "不支持ble", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();13    return;
14 }
15 // 获取蓝牙ble广播
16 mBluetoothAdvertiser = mBluetoothAdapter.getBluetoothLeAdvertiser();
17 if (mBluetoothAdvertiser == null) {
18    Toast.makeText(activity, "the device not support peripheral", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
19    Log.e(TAG, "the device not support peripheral");21    return;
22 }

（3）开启广播：

public void startAdvertising(MockServerCallBack callBack) {//获取BluetoothLeAdvertiser，BLE发送BLE广播用的一个APIif (mBluetoothAdvertiser == null) {mBluetoothAdvertiser = mBluetoothAdapter.getBluetoothLeAdvertiser();}if (mBluetoothAdvertiser != null) {try {//创建BLE beacon Advertising并且广播mBluetoothAdvertiser.startAdvertising(createAdvSettings(true, 0), createIBeaconAdvertiseData(BluetoothUUID.bleServerUUID,mMajor, mMinor, mTxPower), createScanAdvertiseData(mMajor, mMinor, mTxPower, mAdvCallback);} catch (Exception e) {Log.v(TAG, "Fail to setup BleService");}}}

一个ble广播包：广播数据其实包含两部分：Advertising Data（广播数据）和 Scan Response Data（扫描响应数据）。

通常情况下，广播的一方，按照一定的间隔，往空中广播 Advertising Data。

当某个监听设备监听到这个广播数据时候，会通过发送 Scan Response Request，请求广播方发送扫描响应数据数据。

这两部分数据的长度都是固定的 31 字节。

在 Android 中，系统会把这两个数据拼接在一起，返回一个 62 字节的数组。

（4）扫描响应数据：

可以自定义数据，比如增加湿度，温度等。

 1     //设置scan广播数据2     public static AdvertiseData createScanAdvertiseData(short major, short minor, byte txPower) {3         AdvertiseData.Builder builder = new AdvertiseData.Builder();4         builder.setIncludeDeviceName(true);5 6         byte[] serverData = new byte[5];7         ByteBuffer bb = ByteBuffer.wrap(serverData);8         bb.order(ByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN);9         bb.putShort(major);
10         bb.putShort(minor);
11         bb.put(txPower);
12         builder.addServiceData(ParcelUuid.fromString(BluetoothUUID.bleServerUUID.toString())
13                 , serverData);
14
15         AdvertiseData adv = builder.build();
16         return adv;
17     }

5、创建ibeacon 广播数据。

iBeacon 的广播结构：iBeacon 只是协议.

the 2 byte beacon identifier (0xBEAC)
the 16 bytes UUID
the 2 byte major
the 2 byte minor
the 1 byte tx power

Byte 0-2: Standard BLE Flags

 Byte 0: Length :  0x02Byte 1: Type: 0x01 (Flags)Byte 2: Value: 0x06 (Typical Flags)

Byte 3-29: Apple Defined iBeacon Data

 Byte 3: Length: 0x1aByte 4: Type: 0xff (Custom Manufacturer Packet)Byte 5-6: Manufacturer ID : 0x4c00 (Apple)Byte 7: SubType: 0x2 (iBeacon)Byte 8: SubType Length: 0x15Byte 9-24: Proximity UUIDByte 25-26: MajorByte 27-28: MinorByte 29: Signal Power

ManufactureData : 设备厂商的自定义数据

使用addManufactureData(int manufacturerId, byte[] manufacturerSpecificData);

第一个参数0x004c，是厂商id，id长度为2个字节，不足2个字节系统会补0.

（比如id传入0xac, 不足两个字节，输入广播时：ac, 00)

 1 /**2      * create AdvertiseDate for iBeacon3      */4     public static AdvertiseData createIBeaconAdvertiseData(UUID proximityUuid, short major, short minor, byte txPower) {5 6         String[] uuidstr = proximityUuid.toString().replaceAll("-", "").toLowerCase().split("");7         byte[] uuidBytes = new byte[16];8         for (int i = 1, x = 0; i < uuidstr.length; x++) {9             uuidBytes[x] = (byte) ((Integer.parseInt(uuidstr[i++], 16) << 4) | Integer.parseInt(uuidstr[i++], 16));
10         }
11         byte[] majorBytes = {(byte) (major >> 8), (byte) (major & 0xff)};
12         byte[] minorBytes = {(byte) (minor >> 8), (byte) (minor & 0xff)};
13         byte[] mPowerBytes = {txPower};
14         byte[] manufacturerData = new byte[0x17];
15         byte[] flagibeacon = {0x02, 0x15};
16
17         System.arraycopy(flagibeacon, 0x0, manufacturerData, 0x0, 0x2);
18         System.arraycopy(uuidBytes, 0x0, manufacturerData, 0x2, 0x10);
19         System.arraycopy(majorBytes, 0x0, manufacturerData, 0x12, 0x2);
20         System.arraycopy(minorBytes, 0x0, manufacturerData, 0x14, 0x2);
21         System.arraycopy(mPowerBytes, 0x0, manufacturerData, 0x16, 0x1);
22
23         AdvertiseData.Builder builder = new AdvertiseData.Builder();
24         builder.addManufacturerData(0x004c, manufacturerData);
25
26         AdvertiseData adv = builder.build();
27         return adv;
28     }

6、创建广播设置：模式，是否可连接，功率

 setAdvertiseMode(int advertiseMode)设置广播的模式，低功耗，平衡和低延迟三种模式；对应  AdvertiseSettings.ADVERTISE_MODE_LOW_POWER  ,ADVERTISE_MODE_BALANCED ,ADVERTISE_MODE_LOW_LATENCY从左右到右，广播的间隔会越来越短

 setConnectable(boolean connectable)设置是否可以连接。广播分为可连接广播和不可连接广播，一般不可连接广播应用在iBeacon设备上，这样APP无法连接上iBeacon设备

 setTimeout(int timeoutMillis)设置广播的最长时间，最大值为常量AdvertiseSettings.LIMITED_ADVERTISING_MAX_MILLIS = 180 * 1000;  180秒设为0时，代表无时间限制会一直广播

 setTxPowerLevel(int txPowerLevel)设置广播的信号强度常量有AdvertiseSettings.ADVERTISE_TX_POWER_ULTRA_LOW, ADVERTISE_TX_POWER_LOW, ADVERTISE_TX_POWER_MEDIUM, ADVERTISE_TX_POWER_HIGH 从左到右分别表示强度越来越强. 举例：当设置为ADVERTISE_TX_POWER_ULTRA_LOW时，手机1和手机2放在一起，手机2扫描到的rssi信号强度为-56左右，当设置为ADVERTISE_TX_POWER_HIGH  时， 扫描到的信号强度为-33左右，信号强度越大，表示手机和设备靠的越近

＊ AdvertiseSettings.ADVERTISE_TX_POWER_HIGH -56 dBm @ 1 meter with Nexus 5

＊ AdvertiseSettings.ADVERTISE_TX_POWER_LOW -75 dBm @ 1 meter with Nexus 5

＊ AdvertiseSettings.ADVERTISE_TX_POWER_MEDIUM -66 dBm @ 1 meter with Nexus 5

＊AdvertiseSettings.ADVERTISE_TX_POWER_ULTRA_LOW not detected with Nexus 5

 1 public AdvertiseSettings createAdvSettings(boolean connectable, int timeoutMillis) {2         AdvertiseSettings.Builder builder = new AdvertiseSettings.Builder();3         //设置广播的模式, 功耗相关4         builder.setAdvertiseMode(AdvertiseSettings.ADVERTISE_MODE_BALANCED);5         builder.setConnectable(connectable);6         builder.setTimeout(timeoutMillis);7         builder.setTxPowerLevel(AdvertiseSettings.ADVERTISE_TX_POWER_HIGH);8         AdvertiseSettings mAdvertiseSettings = builder.build();9         if (mAdvertiseSettings == null) {
10             Log.e(TAG, "mAdvertiseSettings == null");
11         }
12         return mAdvertiseSettings;
13     }

7、开始广播后的回调。提示广播开启是否成功。

 1 //发送广播的回调，onStartSuccess/onStartFailure很明显的两个Callback2     private AdvertiseCallback mAdvCallback = new AdvertiseCallback() {3         public void onStartSuccess(android.bluetooth.le.AdvertiseSettings settingsInEffect) {4             super.onStartSuccess(settingsInEffect);5             if (settingsInEffect != null) {6                 Log.d(TAG, "onStartSuccess TxPowerLv=" + settingsInEffect.getTxPowerLevel() + " mode=" + settingsInEffect.getMode() + " timeout=" + settingsInEffect.getTimeout());7             } else {8                 Log.d(TAG, "onStartSuccess, settingInEffect is null");9             }
10         }
11
12         public void onStartFailure(int errorCode) {
13             super.onStartFailure(errorCode);
14             Log.d(TAG, "onStartFailure errorCode=" + errorCode);
15
16             if (errorCode == ADVERTISE_FAILED_DATA_TOO_LARGE) {
17                 Toast.makeText(mContext, "advertise_failed_data_too_large", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
18                 Log.e(TAG, "Failed to start advertising as the advertise data to be broadcasted is larger than 31 bytes.");
19             } else if (errorCode == ADVERTISE_FAILED_TOO_MANY_ADVERTISERS) {
20                 Toast.makeText(mContext, "advertise_failed_too_many_advertises", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
21                 Log.e(TAG, "Failed to start advertising because no advertising instance is available.");
22
23             } else if (errorCode == ADVERTISE_FAILED_ALREADY_STARTED) {
24                 Toast.makeText(mContext, "advertise_failed_already_started", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
25                 Log.e(TAG, "Failed to start advertising as the advertising is already started");
26
27             } else if (errorCode == ADVERTISE_FAILED_INTERNAL_ERROR) {
28                 Toast.makeText(mContext, "advertise_failed_internal_error", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
29                 Log.e(TAG, "Operation failed due to an internal error");
30
31             } else if (errorCode == ADVERTISE_FAILED_FEATURE_UNSUPPORTED) {
32                 Toast.makeText(mContext, "advertise_failed_feature_unsupported", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
33                 Log.e(TAG, "This feature is not supported on this platform");
34
35             }
36         }
37     };

注意：对于ios 设备接受广播，外围设备还是要广播出来一个16位的serviceUUID，因为扫描的时候要用（如果不指定特定服务的UUID，没有办法进行后台持续扫描连接）.

Android 上的低功耗蓝牙实践

源代码demo

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原文地址：

https://www.cnblogs.com/CharlesGrant/p/7155211.html

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