C++实战300例（七）---类的基本运用

//112
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;class yuan
{public:double area(double r){return r*r*3.14;}double l(double r){return 2*3.14*r;}public:double r;
};
void main()
{yuan y;cout<<"输入半径：";cin>>y.r;cout<<"圆的面积："<<y.area(y.r)<<endl;cout<<"圆的周长："<<y.l(y.r)<<endl;
}

//113 类的继承
#include<iostream>using namespace std;class animal
{public:animal(){}~animal(){}void respire(){cout<<"huxi"<<endl;}
};class A:public animal
{public:A(){}~A(){}void aaa(){cout<<"xingzou"<<endl;}
};class B:public A
{public:B(){}~B(){}void think(){cout<<"think"<<endl;}
};void main()
{B b;cout<<"b";b.respire();b.aaa();b.think();
}

//114 员工月薪发放 多态
//类的多态性体现在当响应同一条消息时，结果却不一样，也即结果的多样化
//类多态的应用存在于基类的指针指向子类的对象。
//虚成员函数用关键字virtual标识，友元函数用关键字friend标识
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;class salary
{public:salary(){}~salary(){}virtual void pay(){}
private:
};class member1:public salary
{public:member1(double a){_total=a;}~member1(){}void pay(){cout<<"A pay:"<<_total<<endl;}
private:double _total;
};class B:public salary
{public:B(double a){_total=a;}~B(){}void pay(){cout<<"B pay"<<_total<<endl;}
private:double _total;
};void main()
{member1 m1(40000.00);B b(300.00);salary *sa1=&m1;salary *sa2=&b;sa1->pay();sa2->pay();
}

//115 家族性格遗传（纯虚函数）
//下一代的性格是从上一代继承而来的
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;class xingge
{public:xingge(){}virtual void talk()=0;virtual void kind_hearted()=0;
};class child1:public xingge
{public:child1(){}void talk(){cout<<"chengmo"<<endl;}void kind_hearted(){cout<<"rexin"<<endl;}
};class child2:public xingge
{public :child2(){}void talk(){cout<<"huduo"<<endl;}void kind_hearted(){cout<<"lenmo"<<endl;}
};void main()
{xingge *xg;child1 ch1;child2 ch2;xg=&ch1;cout<<"ch1de xing ge:"<<endl;xg->talk();xg->kind_hearted();xg=&ch2;cout<<"ch2de cing ge:"<<endl;xg->talk();xg->kind_hearted();
}

//116 比谁跑得快 类+算法
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class speed
{public:speed(double a,double b){_time=a;_distance=b;}~speed(){}double cal_speed(){return _distance/_time;}
private:double _time;double _distance;
};void main()
{speed v1(5,100);speed v2(5,200);if(v1.cal_speed()>v2.cal_speed()){cout<<"di yi ge kuai"<<endl;}else if(v1.cal_speed()<v2.cal_speed()){cout<<"di er ge kuai"<<endl;}else{cout<<"yi yang kuai"<<endl;}
}

//117 错误的模糊引用 类继承问题  二义性问题可以通过虚继承解决#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class human
{public:bool getBeauty(){return m_beauty;}bool m_beauty;
};class Chinese:virtual public human
{};
class woman:virtual public human
{};
class me:public Chinese,public woman
{public:me(bool a){m_beauty=a;}
};void main()
{me m(true);cout<<m.getBeauty()<<endl;
}

//118 实现类自动化管理内存
//自动化管理内存，就是相对于程序员手动分配和释放内存块来说，系统自动完成这些任务
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class memory
{public:memory(int length){_length=length;memo=new int[_length];for(int i=0;i<_length;i++)memo[i]=0;cout<<"fen pei nei cun cheng gong"<<endl;}~memory(){delete []memo;if (memo!=NULL)memo=NULL;cout<<"nei cun shi fang cheng gong"<<endl;}void output(){for (int i=0;i<_length;i++){cout<<memo[i]<<" ";}}
private:int *memo;int _length;
};void main()
{memory _mem(20);_mem.output();
}

//119 入学登记系统（类+算法+综合）
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
struct stu_info
{string name;int sex;int age;string hometown;string mobile_number;int major;int class_num;
};class student
{public:student();void prin();void input();bool certain();void registers();
private:stu_info stu[100];stu_info temp;int num;
};student::student()
{num=0;
}void student::prin()
{cout<<"本系统只登记电子信息学院的学生信息"<<endl;cout<<"学院的专业如下："<<endl;cout<<"1-电子信息  2-通信"<<endl;cout<<"每个专业下设两个班，分别为00和01"<<endl;
}void student::input()
{cout<<"请按照下面提示，在右面输入信息："<<endl;cout<<"姓名："<<endl;cin>>temp.name;cout<<"性别："<<endl;cin>>temp.sex;cout<<"年龄："<<endl;cin>>temp.age;cout<<"籍贯："<<endl;cin>>temp.hometown;cout<<"手机号码："<<endl;cin>>temp.mobile_number;cout<<"专业编号："<<endl;cin>>temp.major;cout<<"班级编号："<<endl;cin>>temp.class_num;
}
bool student::certain()
{for (int i=0;i<num;i++){if (stu[i].age==temp.age && stu[i].class_num==temp.class_num &&stu[i].hometown==temp.hometown && stu[i].major==temp.major &&stu[i].mobile_number==temp.mobile_number&&stu[i].name==temp.name&&stu[i].sex==temp.sex){return false;}}return true;}void student::registers()
{if (certain()==true){if (num>99){cout<<"登记系统已满，下午再来"<<endl;}else{stu[num]=temp;cout<<"登记成功"<<endl;}}else{cout<<"您已登记"<<endl;}
}void main()
{student a;int ch;a.prin();do{a.input();a.registers();cout<<"继续输入吗：0-是，1-否"<<endl;cin>>ch;}while(ch==0);
}

//120 判断一个点是否位于矩形内
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;class juxing
{public:juxing();void juxingdaxiao();void juagement(double a,double b);void jixu();bool a;
private:double kuan;double chang;};
juxing::juxing()
{};void juxing::juxingdaxiao()
{cout<<"矩形的宽：";cin>>kuan;cout<<kuan<<endl;cout<<"矩形的长：";cin>>chang;cout<<chang<<endl;
};
void juxing:: juagement(double a,double b)
{if (a<=kuan&&b<=chang){cout<<"点在矩形内"<<endl;}else{cout<<"点在矩形外"<<endl;}
}
void juxing::jixu()
{cout<<"是否继续:0-yes 1-no"<<endl;cin>>a;
}void main()
{juxing A;double a,b;do{A.juxingdaxiao();cout<<"请输入判断的点:";cin>>a>>b;A.juagement(a,b);A.jixu();}while(A.a==0);
}

//121 学生的假期生活（接口）
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class vocation
{public:vocation(){}vocation(double a,double b,double c);~vocation(){}void seteat(double a);double geteattime();//接口1，获得吃饭时间void sleep(double b);double getsleeptime();void paly(double c);double getplaytime();
private:double eattime;double sleeptime;double playtime;
};
vocation::vocation(double a,double b,double c)
{eattime=a;sleeptime=b;playtime=c;
};void vocation::seteat(double a)
{eattime=a;
};
double vocation::geteattime()
{return eattime;
};void vocation::paly(double c)
{playtime=c;
};
double vocation::getplaytime()
{return playtime;
};void vocation::sleep(double b)
{sleeptime=b;
};double vocation::getsleeptime()
{return sleeptime;
};void main()
{double a,b,c;vocation va(5.6,8.0,3.0);cout<<"前一天吃饭睡觉玩耍所花费的时间为：";cout<<va.geteattime()<<" "<<va.getsleeptime()<<" "<<va.getplaytime()<<endl;cout<<"请按下面提示输入今天花费的时间："<<endl;cout<<"吃饭:";cin>>a;cout<<"睡觉";cin>>b;cout<<"玩耍";cin>>c;if (a+b+c>24){cout<<"setting false"<<endl;}else{if (a>4.5){cout<<"饭桶"<<endl;}va.seteat(a);if (b>12){cout<<"睡神"<<endl;}va.sleep(b);if (c>6){cout<<"网瘾少年"<<endl;}va.paly(c);}
}

//122 判断一个矩形是否成立
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class juxing
{public://juxing(){}~juxing(){}void input();void judage();bool output;
private:int a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h;
};
//juxing::juxing()
//{//};void juxing::input()
{cout<<"输入四个点的坐标并以空格隔开：";cin>>a>>b>>c>>d>>e>>f>>g>>h;
};void juxing::judage()
{int num=0;if ((a-c)*(b-d)+(a-e)*(b-f)==0){num++;}if((c-a)*(d-b)+(c-g)*(d-h)==0){num++;}if((e-a)*(f-b)+(e-g)*(f-h)==0){num++;}if (num==3){output=true;}else{output=false;}
};void main()
{juxing A;A.input();A.judage();if (A.output==true){cout<<"是矩形"<<endl;}else{cout<<"不是矩形"<<endl;}
}

//123 类的静态成员变量应用（对象间数据共享）
//在非类的编程中，可以声明全局变量实现数据的共享。然而在类中，全局变量的使用具有局限性
//此时可以定义为静态数据成员实现多个对象间的数据共享，
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;class Apple
{private:static int apples;int apple;
public:Apple(){apple=5;}void setApples(int a,int b){apples=a;apple=b;}static int getApples(){return apples;}int getApple(){return apple;}};int Apple::apples=10;void main()
{cout<<"未定义APPLE类对象之前，其静态成员apples="<<Apple::getApples()<<endl;Apple a,b;cout<<"未赋值前，两个对象的各自变量值如下："<<endl;cout<<"a.apples="<<a.getApples()<<endl;cout<<"a.apple="<<a.getApple()<<endl;cout<<"b.apples="<<b.getApples()<<endl;cout<<"b.apple="<<b.getApple()<<endl;a.setApples(50,100);cout<<"赋值后，两个对象的各自变量值如下："<<endl;cout<<"a.apples="<<a.getApples()<<endl;cout<<"a.apple="<<a.getApple()<<endl;cout<<"b.apples="<<b.getApples()<<endl;cout<<"b.apple="<<b.getApple()<<endl;
}

//124 获取系统时间
#include <sys/timeb.h>
#include<time.h>
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class TIME
{private:double timeM;//总时间，换算为毫秒int time_H;int time_M;int time_S;double millisecond;//毫秒
public:void cal();//计算当前时间double getSystime();//获取总时间int getH();int getM();int getS();
};
void TIME::cal()
{struct _timeb timebuffer;//时间缓冲变量char *timeline;unsigned short millitml;char temp_H[2];char temp_M[2];char temp_S[2];_ftime(&timebuffer);//获取缓冲变量timeline=ctime(&(timebuffer.time));//转换为char*型millitml=timebuffer.millitm;millisecond=(double)millitml/1000;//变换为真正的毫秒for(int i=0;i<2;i++){temp_H[i]=timeline[i+11];//从第十一字节开始为时的字符值，下同}for (int j=0;j<2;j++){temp_M[j]=timeline[j+14];}for (int k=0;k<2;k++){temp_S[k]=timeline[k+17];}time_H=atoi(temp_H);//时变为整型time_M=atoi(temp_M);time_S=atoi(temp_S);timeM=double(time_H)*3600+double(time_M)*60+double(time_S)+millisecond;
}
double TIME::getSystime()
{return timeM;
}
int TIME::getH()
{return time_H;
}
int TIME::getM()
{return time_M;
}int TIME::getS()
{return time_S;
}
void main()
{TIME t;t.cal();cout<<"当前系统时间："<<t.getSystime()<<endl;cout<<"时："<<t.getH()<<endl;cout<<"分："<<t.getM()<<endl;cout<<"秒："<<t.getS()<<endl;
}

//125 内联函数应用于计算两点之间的距离
//在类的内部被声明又被定义的函数称为内联函数，它的应用是解决函数的调用效率问题
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Line
{private:int x1,y1,x2,y2;
public:Line();inline Line(int a=0,int b=0,int c=0,int d=0);inline void printPoint();inline double getDis();
};inline Line::Line(int a,int b,int c,int d)
{x1=a;y1=b;x2=c;y2=d;
};inline void Line::printPoint()
{cout<<"A:("<<x1<<","<<y1<<")"<<endl;cout<<"B:("<<x2<<","<<y2<<")"<<endl;};inline double Line::getDis()
{double dis;dis=sqrt(double(((x2-x1)*(x2-x1)+(y2-y1)*(y2-y1))));return dis;
};void main()
{Line line(10,68,-5,6);line.printPoint();cout<<"两点之间的距离："<<line.getDis()<<endl;
}

//126 this指针的应用
//每个类对象在实例化的时候都有一个this指针指向其数据
//的首地址。当类的费静态数据成员函数在访问费静态成员变量时，
//若遇到形变参量和成员变量形同，可以使用this指针指向成员变量
//以示区别
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class A
{private:int num;
public:A(int num){this->num=num;}void output(){cout<<"私有成员变量num="<<num<<endl;}
};void main()
{A a(10);a.output();
}

//127 复制构造函数的应用（赋值矩阵）
//本实例实现使用复制构造函数从一个类对象复制另一个对象，可从屏幕输入矩阵元素，
//调用拷贝构造函数后，创建另一个对象，并初始化其成员变量#include<iostream>
#include<math.h>
#include<assert.h>using namespace std;
class CMatrix
{public:CMatrix();CMatrix(int nRow,int nCol,int* pAry);CMatrix(CMatrix &src);//复制构造函数~CMatrix();void output();int Row()const{return m;};int Col()const{return n;};
private:int m;int n;int** m_pData;//矩阵
};CMatrix::CMatrix()
{m=0;n=0;m_pData=NULL;
};CMatrix::CMatrix(int nRow,int nCol,int *pAry)
{m=nRow;n=nCol;m_pData=new int*[m];for (int i=0;i<m;i++){m_pData[i]=new int[n];for (int j=0;j<n;j++){m_pData[i][j]=pAry[i*n+j];}}};CMatrix::CMatrix(CMatrix &src)//复制构造函数
{m=src.Row();n=src.Col();m_pData=new int *[src.Row()];for (int i=0;i<src.Row();i++){m_pData[i]=new int[src.Col()];for (int j=0;j<src.Col();j++){m_pData[i][j]=src.m_pData[i][j];}}
};void CMatrix::output()
{for(int i=0;i<m;i++){for(int j=0;j<n;j++){cout<<m_pData[i][j]<<" ";}cout<<endl;}
};CMatrix::~CMatrix()
{if (m_pData!=NULL){for(int i=0;i<m;i++){delete[] m_pData[i];}delete[] m_pData;m_pData=NULL;}m=0;n=0;
};void main()
{int m,n;int *data;cout<<"请输入矩阵的行数：";cin>>m;cout<<"请输入矩阵的列数：";cin>>n;data=new int[n*m];cout<<"请初始化"<<m<<"行"<<n<<"列矩阵"<<endl;for (int i=0;i<m;i++){for(int j=0;j<n;j++){cin>>data[i*n+j];}}CMatrix m1(m,n,data);CMatrix m2(m1);cout<<"使用复制构造函数后，m2对象的矩阵为："<<endl;m2.output();
}

//128 走出迷宫 （类+算法）#include <iostream>
using namespace std;#define M 10
#define N 10
class Maze
{public:Maze();~Maze(){}//后面有花括号的构造函数和析构函数不用加分号void PrintMaze();//打印迷宫void GetPos();void SearchMaze();bool EEE(int i,int j);
private:int maze[M][N];int start_row;int start_col;int end_row;int end_col;bool succeed;
};Maze::Maze()
{int copy[M][N]={1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,0,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,};memcpy(maze,copy,sizeof(maze));succeed=false;
};void Maze::PrintMaze()
{bool break_flag=0;for(int i=0;i<M;i++){ for(int j=0;j<N;j++){if (maze[i][j]==1){cout<<"o ";}else if(maze[i][j]==0){cout<<"  ";}else{cout<<"矩阵元素错误"<<endl;break_flag=1;break;}}if (break_flag==1){break;}else{cout<<endl;}}
};void Maze::GetPos()
{cout<<"请输入起点的行：";cin>>start_row;cout<<"请输入起点的列：";cin>>start_col;cout<<"请输入终点的行：";cin>>end_row;cout<<"请输入终点的列：";cin>>end_col;
};void Maze::SearchMaze()
{//if (maze[start_row][start_row]==1 || maze[end_row][end_col]==1)//{// cout<<"起点、终点输入错误"<<endl;//}//else{    cout<<"jinru xunlu"<<endl;if (EEE(start_row,start_col)==false){cout<<"unsucceed"<<endl;}else{cout<<endl<<"显示路径"<<endl;for (int i=0;i<M;i++){for (int j=0;j<N;j++){if (maze[i][j]==1){cout<<"o ";}else if(maze[i][j]==2){cout<<"* ";}else{cout<<"  ";}}cout<<endl;}}}};bool Maze::EEE(int i,int j)
{   maze[i][j]=2;cout<<i<<" "<<j;if (i==end_row && j==end_col){cout<<"succeed"<<endl;succeed=true;}if (succeed!=true && maze[i][j+1]==0){ EEE(i,j+1);}if (succeed!=true && maze[i][j-1]==0){ EEE(i,j-1);}if (succeed!=true && maze[i-1][j]==0){ EEE(i-1,j);}if (succeed!=true && maze[i+1][j]==0){ EEE(i+1,j);}if(succeed!=true){maze[i][j]=0;}return succeed;
};void main()
{Maze A;A.PrintMaze();A.GetPos();A.SearchMaze();}

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