前言

我们每一个的selenium测试都应该在指定的环境下运行，这个环境可以是web浏览器、移动设备、移动模拟器等等。

那怎么来指定我们的selenium测试脚本运行环境呢？

本次分享主要解决这个问题！！！

在python版本的webdrive中，DesiredCapabilities类为我们提供了解决方案，通过这个类，我们能够配置webdriver在指定的环境执行我们的测试脚本。

我们先看一张实际测试过程中会应用到的结构图，基于selenium grid进行分布式测试：

在上图中，我们可以使用windows下ie、firefox或linux下ie、firefox进行测试，甚至可以设置使用andriod或ios设备下浏览器进行测试。

那怎么来进行设置呢？

我们先看一下DesiredCapabilities的源码

源码分析

DesiredCapabilities类代码在C:\Python27\Lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\common\desired_capabilities.py。

注：笔者的python安装在C盘下。

class DesiredCapabilities(object):"""    Set of default supported desired capabilities.
Use this as a starting point for creating a desired capabilities
object for requesting remote webdrivers for
connecting to selenium server or selenium grid.
Usage Example::        from selenium import webdriverselenium_grid_url = "http://198.0.0.1:4444/wd/hub"# Create a desired capabilities object as a starting point.capabilities = DesiredCapabilities.FIREFOX.copy()capabilities['platform'] = "WINDOWS"capabilities['version'] = "10"# Instantiate an instance of Remote WebDriver with the desired capabilities.driver = webdriver.Remote(desired_capabilities=capabilities,command_executor=selenium_grid_url)Note: Always use '.copy()' on the DesiredCapabilities object to avoid the sideeffects of altering the Global class instance.    """FIREFOX = {"browserName": "firefox","version": "","platform": "ANY","javascriptEnabled": True,"marionette": True,}INTERNETEXPLORER = {"browserName": "internet explorer","version": "","platform": "WINDOWS","javascriptEnabled": True,}EDGE = {"browserName": "MicrosoftEdge","version": "","platform": "WINDOWS"}CHROME = {"browserName": "chrome","version": "","platform": "ANY","javascriptEnabled": True,}OPERA = {"browserName": "opera","version": "","platform": "ANY","javascriptEnabled": True,}SAFARI = {"browserName": "safari","version": "","platform": "MAC","javascriptEnabled": True,}HTMLUNIT = {"browserName": "htmlunit","version": "","platform": "ANY",}HTMLUNITWITHJS = {"browserName": "htmlunit","version": "firefox","platform": "ANY","javascriptEnabled": True,}IPHONE = {"browserName": "iPhone","version": "","platform": "MAC","javascriptEnabled": True,}IPAD = {"browserName": "iPad","version": "","platform": "MAC","javascriptEnabled": True,}ANDROID = {"browserName": "android","version": "","platform": "ANDROID","javascriptEnabled": True,}PHANTOMJS = {"browserName": "phantomjs","version": "","platform": "ANY","javascriptEnabled": True,}

翻译下：

Set of default supported desired capabilities.
desired capabilities默认支持的设置。Use this as a starting point for creating a desired capabilities object
forrequesting remote webdrivers for connecting to selenium server
or selenium grid.
使用该类为selenium server或selenium grid启动一个desired capabilities配置

对配置项进行解释

FIREFOX = {    "browserName": "firefox",  # 浏览器名称"version": "",             # 操作系统版本"platform": "ANY",         # 平台，这里可以是windows、linux、andriod等等"javascriptEnabled": True, # 是否启用js"marionette": True,        # 这个值没找对应的说明^_^  不解释了}

DesiredCapabilities示例

from selenium import webdriver# 本地启动selenium grid
selenium_grid_url = "http://127.0.0.1:4444/wd/hub"# 创建一个DesiredCapabilities实例
capabilities = DesiredCapabilities.FIREFOX.copy()
capabilities['platform'] = "WINDOWS"  # 指定操作系统capabilities['version'] = "10"   # 指定操作系统版本# 连接到远程服务进行自动化测试
driver = webdriver.Remote(desired_capabilities=capabilities,command_executor=selenium_grid_url)

总结

这里的本质就是

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