mac os 隐私安全

If you use OS X, you probably have perused its security preferences on several occasions. These preferences are fairly straightforward, but there are some notable features about them that merit further exploration.

如果使用OS X，您可能已经多次浏览过它的安全性偏好设置。 这些首选项非常简单，但是关于它们的一些显着功能值得进一步探讨。

System security should always be one of a user’s primary concerns. We’re not just talking about strong passwords and firewalls, there are other considerations that you want to make such as encrypting your hard drive, which services can poll your location, and what apps you can install.

系统安全性应始终是用户的主要关切之一。 我们不仅在谈论强密码和防火墙，还需要考虑其他因素，例如加密硬盘驱动器，哪些服务可以轮询您的位置以及可以安装哪些应用程序。

The range of security concerns on modern systems is fairly vast and wide, thankfully most operating system makers have developed ways to make it pretty easy and painless to users. Android for example, has refined how its notifications display so you can hide sensitive notification content on your lock screen. Meanwhile, iPhone and iPad users can effortlessly unlock their devices with any of their fingerprints.

现代系统对安全性的关注范围非常广泛，值得庆幸的是，大多数操作系统制造商已经开发出使用户变得非常容易且轻松的方法。 例如，Android改进了其通知的显示方式，以便您可以在锁定屏幕上隐藏敏感的通知内容 。 同时，iPhone和iPad用户可以轻松地用任何指纹来解锁设备 。

With these kinds of improvement and enhancements, device security and user privacy are an important consideration without being onerous and getting in the way, and can even be kind of fun.

通过这些改进和增强，设备安全性和用户隐私成为重要的考虑因素，不会造成繁琐的操作，甚至可能会很有趣。

OS X is obviously no different, and because your Mac is just as likely a candidate for hacking, spying, and other types of attacks, it’s a good idea to completely understand what options it offers with regard to security and privacy.

OS X显然没有什么不同，并且由于您的Mac很可能成为黑客，间谍和其他类型攻击的候选者，因此最好完全了解它在安全性和隐私方面提供了哪些选择。

常规选项的作用 (What the General Options Do)

To access your “Security & Privacy” preferences, do so by first opening the System Preferences on the Dock or using Spotlight to search for it. Once you have opened the “Security & Privacy” preferences, you will see there are four tabs on it.

要访问“安全和隐私”首选项，请先在Dock上打开“系统偏好设置”或使用Spotlight进行搜索，以进行访问 。 打开“安全性和隐私”首选项后，您将看到上面有四个选项卡。

To make the majority of changes, you will first need to click the lock icon and enter your password.

要进行大部分更改，您首先需要单击锁图标并输入密码。

The “General” options grant users the power to change their passwords and set the timeout for when it is required to unlock your machine after the computer sleeps or the screen saver activates.

“常规”选项使用户可以更改密码并设置在计算机Hibernate或屏幕保护程序激活后需要解锁计算机的超时时间。

The section below that is really important because it lets you dictate which apps can be installed. You can constrain it to only Mac App Store apps, App Store and Apple approved apps from “identified developers,” or apps from anywhere.

下面的部分非常重要，因为它使您可以决定可以安装哪些应用程序。 您可以将其限制为仅来自“确定的开发人员”的Mac App Store应用程序 ，App Store和Apple认可的应用程序，或任何地方的应用程序。

We recommend not setting this to “Anywhere”. The middle option is usually the best compromise between system security and user convenience.

我们建议不要将此设置为“任何地方”。 中间选项通常是系统安全性和用户便利性之间的最佳折衷方案。

Finally, at the very bottom there is a persistent “Advanced…” button.

最后，在最底部有一个持久的“高级...”按钮。

Every Mac user should at the very least know about the existence of these advanced options. Chances are the password lock feature will be sufficient, but if you share a machine and forget to log out, then at least other users don’t have to wait for you to unlock and log out so they can use it.

每个Mac用户至少应该了解这些高级选项的存在。 密码锁定功能可能就足够了，但是如果您共享一台计算机而忘记注销，那么至少其他用户不必等待您解锁并注销就可以使用它。

As we said, these advanced options are persistent, meaning they will appear at the bottom of the “Security & Privacy” preferences, no matter what tab you’re using.

正如我们所说，这些高级选项是永久性的，这意味着无论您使用什么选项卡，它们都将显示在“安全性和隐私”首选项的底部。

加密可防止各种问题 (Encryption Prevents All Sorts of Problems)

The appeal of encrypting your hard drive basically boils down to this: if your laptop is lost or stolen, someone could conceivably still read the data on it. Encrypting it means that no one can access that data unless they know the password to decrypt it. Obviously, the weak point is the actual strength of the password, but encryption provides a protective umbrella against all but the most determined and skilled thieves.

加密硬盘驱动器的吸引力基本上可以归结为这一点：如果您的笔记本电脑丢失或被盗，可以想象有人仍然可以读取其中的数据。 加密意味着没有人可以访问该数据，除非他们知道解密该数据的密码。 显然，弱点是密码的实际强度，但是加密为除最坚定和最熟练的窃贼外的所有人员提供了保护伞。

OS X’s encryption feature is called FileVault, and can be enabled on the “FileVault” tab.

OS X的加密功能称为FileVault，可以在“ FileVault”选项卡上启用。

Encrypting your Mac’s hard drive is a fairly straightforward process and if you haven’t done it yet, we recommend doing so as soon as possible.

加密Mac的硬盘驱动器是一个相当简单的过程 ，如果您尚未加密，我们建议您尽快进行加密。

通过防火墙阻止入侵者 (Keep Intruders out with the Firewall)

A firewall is essential to keep outside attacks from occurring. With your firewall on, any “unauthorized applications, programs, and services” will be denied from accepting incoming connections.

防火墙对于防止外部攻击至关重要。 启用防火墙后，将拒绝任何“未经授权的应用程序，程序和服务”接受传入的连接。

Clicking the “Firewall Options…” button will let you “Block all incoming connections” or dictate which apps and services are specifically allowed or blocked.

单击“防火墙选项...”按钮将使您“阻止所有传入连接”或指示明确允许或阻止哪些应用程序和服务。

If you’re still unsure whether or not you need to enable the firewall on your Mac, then you can learn more about it and how it works, and thus make an informed decision.

如果仍然不确定是否需要在Mac上启用防火墙， 则可以了解更多有关防火墙及其工作原理的信息 ，从而做出明智的决定。

所有重要的隐私选项 (The All-Important Privacy Options)

We at last get to the meat of the matter, the “Privacy” tab. There are a few important items here that you want to pay attention to, so let’s jump right in.

最后，我们来了解问题的实质，“隐私”选项卡。 您需要注意一些重要的事项，所以让我们直接进入。

To start, the “Location Services” can be completely disabled, or you can selectively deactivate specific apps that use it.

首先，可以完全禁用“位置服务”，也可以有选择地停用使用它的特定应用。

Click the “Details…” button next to “System Services” to turn off location-based Spotlight suggestions. You can also show the menu bar icon when System Services request your location.

点击“系统服务”旁边的“详细信息...”按钮，以关闭基于位置的Spotlight建议 。 当系统服务请求您的位置时，您还可以显示菜单栏图标 。

If you want to limit which apps have access to your contacts, then you’ll need to do so in the privacy “Contacts” section. Just uncheck any apps you want to block.

如果您想限制哪些应用有权访问您的联系人，则需要在隐私“联系人”部分中进行访问。 只需取消选中您要阻止的任何应用程序即可。

Be sure to also take a look at the “Diagnostics & Usage” options where you can elect or decline to send crash, diagnostics, and usage data to Apple.

一定还要查看“诊断和使用情况”选项，您可以在其中选择或拒绝将崩溃，诊断和使用情况数据发送到Apple。

You’ll probably want to linger a bit on the “Privacy” options just to make sure you’ve got everything locked down the way you want. Don’t be shy about going through all the other categories and seeing what actions you can take to protect your identity.

您可能想要在“隐私”选项上稍作停留，以确保您按照自己的方式锁定了所有内容。 不要羞于浏览所有其他类别，看看您可以采取什么措施来保护自己的身份。

Taking your security and privacy seriously, even on a notoriously secure system like OS X, will always rank at the top of computing’s best practices. At the very least then, even if you don’t plan to ever use OS X’s firewall or encrypt your system drive, the general and privacy options we’ve discussed certainly do deserve careful attention.

即使在臭名昭著的安全系统(如OS X)上，也要认真考虑您的安全性和隐私，始终将其列为计算最佳实践的首位。 至少到那时，即使您不打算使用OS X的防火墙或对系统驱动器进行加密，我们所讨论的常规选项和隐私选项也确实值得认真注意。

Don’t forget, we value your comments, questions, and suggestions, so if you have any feedback you would like to leave with us, please speak up in our discussion forum.

别忘了，我们重视您的评论，问题和建议，因此，如果您有任何意见想与我们保持联系，请在我们的论坛中畅所欲言。

翻译自: https://www.howtogeek.com/217126/understand-privacy-and-security-settings-in-os-x-to-keep-your-data-safe/

mac os 隐私安全