Oracle安装手册

整理：罗代均 luodaijun@vip.163.com

1.Linux常用命令 2

2.安装Oracle 10gR2 3

3.Oracle中文支持问题 5

4.Oracle服务启动关闭 5

5.开机自动启动Oracle 5

6.创建表空间 6

7.创建用户 7

1.Linux常用命令

查看编辑文本文件,用图形化的gedit

gedit /filepath

查看环境变量

env

设置别名

alias 别名='原命令'

如: alias startTomcat='/usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh'

查看当前所在目录

pwd

查看磁盘空间使用情况

列出所有文件，包括隐藏文件

ls -l –a

设置所有用户都具有读写权限

chmod 777 /data/www/index.html

递归下级目录

chmod -R 777 /data/www

设置文件为可执行

chmod 755 /home/oracle/startOracle.sh

或者chmod +x /home/oracle/startOracle.sh

改变文件所有者

chown user:usergroup /path

chown -R user:usergroup /path

查看进程，并用正则过滤

ps -ef | grep java

杀死进程

kill -9 pid

pkill -9 process_name

如: pkill -9 java , pkill -9 nginx

动态更新显示文件内容,查看不断变化的文件

tail -f /usr/local/tomcat/log/catalina.out

删除文件及递归删除子目录

rm /filepath

rm -rf /path

查找文件

find /path -name *.swf

I/O重定向

如将查找到的结果输出到abc.txt

find /home/oracle -name *.jsp > abc.txt

压缩解压

（1).tar.gz

解压：tar zxvf abc.tar.gz

压缩：tar czvf abc.tar.gz path

（2）.tar

压缩: tar xvf abc.tar path

解压: tar zxvf abc.tar

（3）.bz

解压：bzip –d abc.bz

（4）.bz2

解压：bzip2 –d abc.bz2

（5）.gz

解压：gzip –d abc.gz

（6）.tar.bz2

解压：tar jxvf abc.tar.bz2

压缩：tar jcvf abc.tar.bz2 path

2.安装Oracle 10gR2

安装依赖包

yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf automake

yum -y install zlib zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel pcre pcre-devel

yum -y install unixODBC unixODBC-devel sysstat libXp libXp-devel libaio-devel

创建用户和组

/usr/sbin/groupadd oinstall

/usr/sbin/groupadd dba

/usr/sbin/useradd -m -g oinstall -g dba oracle

id oracle

passwd oracle

mkdir /oracle

chown -R oracle:oinstall /oracle

chmod -R 775 /oracle

设置环境变量

su – oracle

-----------------~/.bash_profile --------------------------

export ORACLE_BASE=/oracle

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/db_1

export ORACLE_SID=mam

export NLS_LANG='simplified chinese'_china.ZHS16GBK

export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

export LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8

-------------------end--------------------------------------

环境变量生效

source ~/.bash_profile

修改内核参数

su root

------------/etc/sysctl.conf------------------------------

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000

net.core.rmem_default=4194304

net.core.rmem_max=4194304

net.core.wmem_default=262144

net.core.wmem_max=262144

-----------------end---------------------------------------

内核参数生效

sysctl –p

------------------/etc/security/limits.conf ---------------

oracle soft nproc 2047

oracle hard nproc 16384

oracle soft nofile 1024

oracle hard nofile 65536

--------------end----------------------------------------

注销用oracle用户登录

unzip oraclexxx.zip

export LC_ALL=c

非常重要！！忽略检查操作系统，不然非oracle认证过的版本都不允许安装

./runInstaller –ignoreSysPrereqs

安装完成的时候，会弹出窗口要求运行如下两个脚本(root权限)

su root

/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh

/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/root.sh

3.Oracle中文支持问题

强制使用英文界面

export LC_ALL=c

任意支持中文的字体都可以,比如文泉驿字体

这里我使用windows系统带的simsun.ttc

cp simsun.ttc /usr/share/fonts/zh_CN/TrueType/zysong.ttf

cd $ORACLE_HOME/jdk/jre/lib

cp font.properties.zh_CN.Redhat font.properties

cd $ORACLE_HOME/jre/1.4.2/lib/

cp font.properties.zh_CN.Redhat font.properties

cd $ORACLE_HOME/javavm/lib/ojvmfonts/

cp font.properties.zh_CN.Redhat font.properties

4.Oracle服务启动关闭

dbca:数据库创建向导

netca:网络服务配置向导

启动关闭监听器

lsnrctl start

lsnrctl stop

启动关闭oracle服务

进入sqlplus环境: sqlplus /nolog

conn / as sysdba

startup --启动

shutdown --关闭

shutdown immediate –立即关闭

或者: dbstart和dbshut命令

启动管理控制台

emctl start dbconsole

emctl stop dbconsole

启动isqlplus

isqlplusctl start

isqlplusctl stop

5.开机自动启动Oracle

------------------start_oracle.sh------------------------------------

#! /bin/bash

lsnrctl start

sqlplus /nolog <<EOF

conn / as sysdba

startup

EOF

-------------------end----------------------------------------------

设置为可执行文件

chmod 755 start_oracle.sh

-------------------stop_oracle.sh------------------------------------

#! /bin/bash

lsnrctl stop

sqlplus /nolog <<EOF

conn / as sysdba

shutdown immediate

EOF

-------------------end-----------------------------------------------

chmod 755 stop_oracle.sh

添加到 /etc/rc.d/rc.local开机执行

---------------/etc/rc.d/rc.local---------------------------------

su - oracle -c /home/oracle/start_oracle.sh >> /dev/null

----------------end------------------------------------------------

6.创建表空间

建议将表数据、索引、临时文件分别创建表空间，这样只需要重点备份表数据使用的表空间,实际上索引占用的磁盘空间非常的大

设置目录权限

chown oracle:oinstall /oradata/mam

chmod 775 /oradata/mam

------------01_create_tabspace.sql--------------------------------

set echo on

set feedback off

set verify off

define tb_path=/oradata/mam

prompt '开始创建表空间'

create tablespace mam_dat datafile '&tb_path/mam_dat01.dbf' size 10M AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 10240K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED extent management local uniform size 128k online;

create tablespace mam_idx datafile '&tb_path/mam_idx01.dbf' size 10M AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 10240K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED extent management local uniform size 128k online;

create temporary tablespace mam_tmp tempfile '&tb_path/mam_tmp01.dbf' size 10m AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 10240K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED extent management local uniform size 128k;

prompt '结束'

---------------end------------------------------------------------

7.创建用户

------------------02_create_user.sql------------------------------

prompt 'start create user'

set feedback off

set define off

set echo off

create user mam identified by password

default tablespace mam_dat

temporary tablespace mam_tmp

account unlock;

grant AUDIT ANY to mam with admin option;

grant DROP USER to mam with admin option;

grant ALTER USER to mam with admin option;

grant ANALYZE ANY to mam with admin option;

grant BECOME USER to mam with admin option;

grant CREATE ROLE to mam with admin option;

grant CREATE TYPE to mam with admin option;

grant CREATE USER to mam with admin option;

grant CREATE VIEW to mam with admin option;

grant ALTER SYSTEM to mam with admin option;

grant AUDIT SYSTEM to mam with admin option;

grant CREATE TABLE to mam with admin option;

grant DROP PROFILE to mam with admin option;

grant ALTER PROFILE to mam with admin option;

grant ALTER SESSION to mam with admin option;

grant DROP ANY ROLE to mam with admin option;

grant DROP ANY TYPE to mam with admin option;

grant DROP ANY VIEW to mam with admin option;

grant QUERY REWRITE to mam with admin option;

grant ALTER ANY ROLE to mam with admin option;

grant ALTER ANY TYPE to mam with admin option;

grant ALTER DATABASE to mam with admin option;

grant CREATE CLUSTER to mam with admin option;

grant CREATE LIBRARY to mam with admin option;

grant CREATE PROFILE to mam with admin option;

grant CREATE SESSION to mam with admin option;

grant CREATE SYNONYM to mam with admin option;

grant CREATE TRIGGER to mam with admin option;

grant DROP ANY INDEX to mam with admin option;

grant DROP ANY TABLE to mam with admin option;

grant GRANT ANY ROLE to mam with admin option;

grant LOCK ANY TABLE to mam with admin option;

grant ALTER ANY INDEX to mam with admin option;

grant ALTER ANY TABLE to mam with admin option;

grant CREATE ANY TYPE to mam with admin option;

grant CREATE ANY VIEW to mam with admin option;

grant CREATE SEQUENCE to mam with admin option;

grant CREATE SNAPSHOT to mam with admin option;

grant DROP TABLESPACE to mam with admin option;

grant ALTER TABLESPACE to mam with admin option;

grant BACKUP ANY TABLE to mam with admin option;

grant CREATE ANY INDEX to mam with admin option;

grant CREATE ANY TABLE to mam with admin option;

grant CREATE PROCEDURE to mam with admin option;

grant DELETE ANY TABLE to mam with admin option;

grant DROP ANY CLUSTER to mam with admin option;

grant DROP ANY LIBRARY to mam with admin option;

grant DROP ANY SYNONYM to mam with admin option;

grant DROP ANY TRIGGER to mam with admin option;

grant EXECUTE ANY TYPE to mam with admin option;

grant INSERT ANY TABLE to mam with admin option;

grant SELECT ANY TABLE to mam with admin option;

grant UPDATE ANY TABLE to mam with admin option;

grant ALTER ANY CLUSTER to mam with admin option;

grant ALTER ANY LIBRARY to mam with admin option;

grant ALTER ANY TRIGGER to mam with admin option;

grant COMMENT ANY TABLE to mam with admin option;

grant CREATE TABLESPACE to mam with admin option;

grant DROP ANY SEQUENCE to mam with admin option;

grant DROP ANY SNAPSHOT to mam with admin option;

grant FORCE TRANSACTION to mam with admin option;

grant MANAGE TABLESPACE to mam with admin option;

grant ALTER ANY SEQUENCE to mam with admin option;

grant ALTER ANY SNAPSHOT to mam with admin option;

grant CREATE ANY CLUSTER to mam with admin option;

grant CREATE ANY LIBRARY to mam with admin option;

grant CREATE ANY SYNONYM to mam with admin option;

grant CREATE ANY TRIGGER to mam with admin option;

grant DROP ANY DIRECTORY to mam with admin option;

grant DROP ANY PROCEDURE to mam with admin option;

grant RESTRICTED SESSION to mam with admin option;

grant ALTER ANY PROCEDURE to mam with admin option;

grant ALTER RESOURCE COST to mam with admin option;

grant CREATE ANY SEQUENCE to mam with admin option;

grant CREATE ANY SNAPSHOT to mam with admin option;

grant DROP PUBLIC SYNONYM to mam with admin option;

grant EXECUTE ANY LIBRARY to mam with admin option;

grant GRANT ANY PRIVILEGE to mam with admin option;

grant SELECT ANY SEQUENCE to mam with admin option;

grant CREATE ANY DIRECTORY to mam with admin option;

grant CREATE ANY PROCEDURE to mam with admin option;

grant CREATE DATABASE LINK to mam with admin option;

grant GLOBAL QUERY REWRITE to mam with admin option;

grant UNLIMITED TABLESPACE to mam with admin option;

grant CREATE PUBLIC SYNONYM to mam with admin option;

grant DROP ROLLBACK SEGMENT to mam with admin option;

grant EXECUTE ANY PROCEDURE to mam with admin option;

grant FORCE ANY TRANSACTION to mam with admin option;

grant SELECT ANY DICTIONARY to mam with admin option;

grant ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT to mam with admin option;

grant CREATE ROLLBACK SEGMENT to mam with admin option;

grant DROP PUBLIC DATABASE LINK to mam with admin option;

grant CREATE PUBLIC DATABASE LINK to mam with admin option;

exit;

-----------------end---------------------------------------------

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