測試環境 CentOS7

套件管理從最早的 Red Hat Package Manager (#rpm) , 到現在常用的 Yellowdog Updater, Modified (#yum) 現在 Fedora 22 改成 DNF : Dandified Yum (#dnf) 為預設的套件管理工具.

wiki:

DNF is intended to address include poor performance, high memory usage, and the slowness of its iterative dependency resolution. DNF uses libsolv, an external dependency resolver.

因為遇到一個套件一定要用 dnf 來安裝,所以試著在 CentOS7 下來使用 dnf ,YUM 預設並沒有 dnf ,所以我們需要手動新增 dnf 的 Repo 檔 (epel-release) ,或是手動編寫 /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo .

[root@localhost ~]# yum install epel-release

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror

base | 3.6 kB 00:00

extras | 3.4 kB 00:00

nginx | 2.9 kB 00:00

updates | 3.4 kB 00:00

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

* base: centos.cs.nctu.edu.tw

* extras: centos.cs.nctu.edu.tw

* updates: centos.cs.nctu.edu.tw

Resolving Dependencies

--> Running transaction check

---> Package epel-release.noarch 0:7-6 will be installed

--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

================================================================================

Package Arch Version Repository Size

================================================================================

Installing:

epel-release noarch 7-6 extras 14 k

Transaction Summary

================================================================================

Install 1 Package

Total download size: 14 k

Installed size: 24 k

Is this ok [y/d/N]: y

Downloading packages:

epel-release-7-6.noarch.rpm | 14 kB 00:06

Running transaction check

Running transaction test

Transaction test succeeded

Running transaction

Installing : epel-release-7-6.noarch 1/1

Verifying : epel-release-7-6.noarch 1/1

Installed:

epel-release.noarch 0:7-6

Complete!

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo

[epel]

name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - $basearch

#baseurl=http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/7/$basearch

mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=epel-7&arch=$basearch

failovermethod=priority

enabled=1

gpgcheck=1

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7

[epel-debuginfo]

name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - $basearch - Debug

#baseurl=http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/7/$basearch/debug

mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=epel-debug-7&arch=$basearch

failovermethod=priority

enabled=0

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7

gpgcheck=1

[epel-source]

name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - $basearch - Source

#baseurl=http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/7/SRPMS

mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=epel-source-7&arch=$basearch

failovermethod=priority

enabled=0

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7

gpgcheck=1

現在就可以直接透過 yum 安裝 dnf

[root@localhost ~]# yum install dnf

好像因為一些安全性問題 DNF 不再提供,需要自行下載,須自行確認最新版本.

[root@localhost ~]$ wget http://springdale.math.ias.edu/data/puias/unsupported/7/x86_64/dnf-0.6.4-2.sdl7.noarch.rpm

[root@localhost ~]$ wget http://springdale.math.ias.edu/data/puias/unsupported/7/x86_64/dnf-conf-0.6.4-2.sdl7.noarch.rpm

[root@localhost ~]$ wget http://springdale.math.ias.edu/data/puias/unsupported/7/x86_64/python-dnf-0.6.4-2.sdl7.noarch.rpm

[root@localhost ~]$ yum install dnf-0.6.4-2.sdl7.noarch.rpm dnf-conf-0.6.4-2.sdl7.noarch.rpm python-dnf-0.6.4-2.sdl7.noarch.rpm

使用可以直接參考 dnf 的說明.

[root@localhost ~]# dnf

You need to give some command

usage: dnf [options] COMMAND

List of Main Commands

autoremove

check-update Check for available package upgrades

clean Remove cached data

distro-sync Synchronize installed packages to the latest available versions

downgrade downgrade a package

group Display, or use, the groups information

help Display a helpful usage message

history Display, or use, the transaction history

info Display details about a package or group of packages

install Install a package or packages on your system

list List a package or groups of packages

makecache Generate the metadata cache

provides Find what package provides the given value

reinstall reinstall a package

remove Remove a package or packages from your system

repolist Display the configured software repositories

repository-packages Run commands on top of all packages in given repository

search Search package details for the given string

updateinfo Display advisories about packages

upgrade Upgrade a package or packages on your system

upgrade-to Upgrade a package on your system to the specified version

遇過的問題

CentOS7 ARM 系統透過 yum 找不到 epel-release,只能透過 wget 再手動 rpm.

[root@localhost ~]# yum install epel-release

...No package epel-release available

Error: Nothing to do

[root@localhost ~]# wget https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -Uvh epel-release-latest-7*.rpm

安裝完 dnf 初次會遇到類似下方的錯誤訊息,需要移除 epel-release 並執行 dnf repolist

[root@localhost ~]# dnf repolist

Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64 616 kB/s | 12 MB 00:19

Failed to open: /var/cache/dnf/x86_64/7/x86_64/7/epel/repodata/a2cc7cbec8f5f02226dc6590b7a6ed439ae7324e9fa52b70e303470895d08066-updateinfo.xml.bz2.

[root@localhost ~]# yum remove epel-release

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror

Resolving Dependencies

--> Running transaction check

---> Package epel-release.noarch 0:7-6 will be erased

--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

================================================================================

Package Arch Version Repository Size

================================================================================

Removing:

epel-release noarch 7-6 @extras 24 k

Transaction Summary

================================================================================

Remove 1 Package

Installed size: 24 k

Is this ok [y/N]: y

Downloading packages:

Running transaction check

Running transaction test

Transaction test succeeded

Running transaction

Erasing : epel-release-7-6.noarch 1/1

Verifying : epel-release-7-6.noarch 1/1

Removed:

epel-release.noarch 0:7-6

Complete!

[root@localhost ~]# dnf repolist

CentOS-7 - Base 893 kB/s | 8.8 MB 00:10

CentOS-7 - Updates 1.4 MB/s | 12 MB 00:08

CentOS-7 - Extras 750 kB/s | 569 kB 00:00

Using metadata from Wed Nov 23 20:41:50 2016

repo id repo name status

base CentOS-7 - Base 9,007

extras CentOS-7 - Extras 393

nginx nginx repo 41

updates CentOS-7 - Updates 2,560

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