从Oracle8开始，提供了从分区交换的功能，如一个分区或子分区与一个非分区表交换、一个hash分区与另一个表的hash子分区交换等等，详细的交换方式可以参考官方文档。

基本语法：ALTER TABLE...EXCHANGE PARTITION

实验环境：11.2.0.4

zx@ORCL>select * from v$version;BANNER
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
PL/SQL Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
CORE    11.2.0.4.0      Production
TNS for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production

一、测试分区交换

创建测试表

--分区表
zx@ORCL>create table t12  ( id number(2),3  name varchar2(15))4  tablespace tt5  partition by range (id)6  (partition p1 values less than (10),7  partition p2 values less than (20),8  partition p3 values less than (30));Table created.
--非分区表
zx@ORCL>create table t2 (id number(2), name varchar2(15)) tablespace users;Table created.--插入测试数据
zx@ORCL>insert into t1 values (1, '1');1 row created.zx@ORCL>insert into t1 values (11, '11');1 row created.zx@ORCL>insert into t1 values (21, '21');1 row created.zx@ORCL>insert into t2 values (2, '2');1 row created.zx@ORCL>commit;Commit complete.zx@ORCL>select * from t1;ID NAME
---------- ---------------------------------------------1 111 1121 21zx@ORCL>select * from t2;ID NAME
---------- ---------------------------------------------2 2
--查看表存储表空间
--t2在USERS表空间，t1各个分区都在TT表空间
zx@ORCL>col segment_name for a20
zx@ORCL>col partition_name for a15
zx@ORCL>col tablespace_name for a15
zx@ORCL>select segment_name,partition_name,tablespace_name from dba_segments where segment_name in ('T1','T2');SEGMENT_NAME         PARTITION_NAME  TABLESPACE_NAME
-------------------- --------------- ---------------
T2                                   USERS
T1                   P3              TT
T1                   P2              TT
T1                   P1              TT
--查看各表的extent信息
zx@ORCL>select SEGMENT_NAME,BLOCK_ID,BLOCKS,TABLESPACE_NAME from dba_extents where segment_name='T2';SEGMENT_NAME           BLOCK_ID     BLOCKS TABLESPACE_NAME
-------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
T2                          192          8 USERSzx@ORCL>select SEGMENT_NAME,PARTITION_NAME,BLOCK_ID,BLOCKS,TABLESPACE_NAME from dba_extents where segment_name='T1';SEGMENT_NAME         PARTITION_NAME    BLOCK_ID     BLOCKS TABLESPACE_NAME
-------------------- --------------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
T1                   P2                   21376       1024 TT
T1                   P3                   22400       1024 TT
T1                   P1                   20352       1024 TT

t1分区p1与t2表交换分区

--分区
zx@ORCL>alter table t1 exchange partition p1 with table t2;Table altered.zx@ORCL>select * from t2;ID NAME
---------- ---------------------------------------------1 1zx@ORCL>select * from t1;ID NAME
---------- ---------------------------------------------2 211 1121 21

可以看到p1分区里的数据交换到了t2表里，而t2表里里的数据也存储到了t1表中。再次查看各表所在的表空间和extent

--查看表空间
zx@ORCL>select segment_name,partition_name,tablespace_name from dba_segments where segment_name in ('T1','T2');SEGMENT_NAME         PARTITION_NAME  TABLESPACE_NAME
-------------------- --------------- ---------------
T2                                   TT
T1                   P3              TT
T1                   P2              TT
T1                   P1              USERS
--查看extent
zx@ORCL>select SEGMENT_NAME,BLOCK_ID,BLOCKS,TABLESPACE_NAME from dba_extents where segment_name='T2';SEGMENT_NAME           BLOCK_ID     BLOCKS TABLESPACE_NAME
-------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
T2                        20352       1024 TTzx@ORCL>select SEGMENT_NAME,PARTITION_NAME,BLOCK_ID,BLOCKS,TABLESPACE_NAME from dba_extents where segment_name='T1';SEGMENT_NAME         PARTITION_NAME    BLOCK_ID     BLOCKS TABLESPACE_NAME
-------------------- --------------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
T1                   P1                     192          8 USERS
T1                   P2                   21376       1024 TT
T1                   P3                   22400       1024 TT

从结果看到T2已经到了TT表空间，而T1的P1分区移动到了USERS表空间，而且P1分区与T2表的extent也做了交换，可以推断实际表里的数据没有移动位置，只是把数据字典里的相关信息做了更换。

二、再看看交换分区对于分区表的索引的影响

在分区表中创建索引

--全局索引
zx@ORCL>create index idx_t1_id on t1(id) ;Index created.
--分区索引
zx@ORCL>create index idx_t1_name on t1(name) local;Index created.zx@ORCL>select index_name,status from user_indexes where index_name like 'IDX_T1%';INDEX_NAME                                                                                 STATUS
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------
IDX_T1_ID                                                                                  VALID
IDX_T1_NAME                                                                                N/Azx@ORCL>select index_name,partition_name,status from user_ind_partitions where index_name like 'IDX_T1%';INDEX_NAME                                                                                 PARTITION_NAME  STATUS
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------- ------------------------
IDX_T1_NAME                                                                                P1              USABLE
IDX_T1_NAME                                                                                P2              USABLE
IDX_T1_NAME                                                                                P3              USABLE

交换分区查看是否对索引有影响

zx@ORCL>alter table t1 exchange partition p1 with table t2;Table altered.zx@ORCL>select index_name,status from user_indexes where index_name like 'IDX_T1%';INDEX_NAME                                                                                 STATUS
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------
IDX_T1_NAME                                                                                N/A
IDX_T1_ID                                                                                  UNUSABLEzx@ORCL>select index_name,partition_name,status from user_ind_partitions where index_name like 'IDX_T1%';INDEX_NAME                                                                                 PARTITION_NAME  STATUS
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------- ------------------------
IDX_T1_NAME                                                                                P1              UNUSABLE
IDX_T1_NAME                                                                                P2              USABLE
IDX_T1_NAME                                                                                P3              USABLE

看到全局索引IDX_T1_ID失效了，分区P1对应的分区索引也失效了，但其他分区的分区没有受到影响

交换分区时加入 UPDATE INDEXES子句

zx@ORCL>alter index idx_t1_id rebuild;Index altered.zx@ORCL>alter index idx_t1_name rebuild partition p1;Index altered.zx@ORCL>select index_name,status from user_indexes where index_name like 'IDX_T1%';INDEX_NAME                                                                                 STATUS
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------
IDX_T1_NAME                                                                                N/A
IDX_T1_ID                                                                                  VALIDzx@ORCL>select index_name,partition_name,status from user_ind_partitions where index_name like 'IDX_T1%';INDEX_NAME                                                                                 PARTITION_NAME  STATUS
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------- ------------------------
IDX_T1_NAME                                                                                P1              USABLE
IDX_T1_NAME                                                                                P2              USABLE
IDX_T1_NAME                                                                                P3              USABLEzx@ORCL>alter table t1 exchange partition p1 with table t2 update indexes ;Table altered.zx@ORCL>select index_name,status from user_indexes where index_name like 'IDX_T1%';INDEX_NAME                                                                                 STATUS
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------
IDX_T1_NAME                                                                                N/A
IDX_T1_ID                                                                                  VALIDzx@ORCL>select index_name,partition_name,status from user_ind_partitions where index_name like 'IDX_T1%';INDEX_NAME                                                                                 PARTITION_NAME  STATUS
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------- ------------------------
IDX_T1_NAME                                                                                P1              UNUSABLE
IDX_T1_NAME                                                                                P2              USABLE
IDX_T1_NAME                                                                                P3              USABLE

可以看到全局索引没有受影响，但是分区索引仍然失效。

更多信息参考官方文档：http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/server.112/e25523/part_admin002.htm#i1107555