Oracle创建表数据

说明：我们需要通用的实验数据，emp表与 dept表但是数据库中有没有。这时，我们可以手动创建。
Oracle数据库sql语句练习【emp和dept的连表查询由浅入深】

-- 创建表与数据
CREATE TABLE EMP
(EMPNO NUMBER(4) NOT NULL,
ENAME VARCHAR2(10),
JOB VARCHAR2(9),
MGR NUMBER(4),
HIREDATE DATE,
SAL NUMBER(7, 2),
COMM NUMBER(7, 2),
DEPTNO NUMBER(2)
);INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7369, 'SMITH', 'CLERK', 7902,
TO_DATE('2022-04-11', 'yyyy-mm-dd'), 800, NULL, 20);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7499, 'ALLEN', 'SALESMAN', 7698,
TO_DATE('2022-04-12', 'yyyy-mm-dd'), 1600, 300, 30);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7521, 'WARD', 'SALESMAN', 7698,
TO_DATE('2022-03-12', 'yyyy-mm-dd'), 1250, 500, 30);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7566, 'JONES', 'MANAGER', 7839,
TO_DATE('2022-03-13', 'yyyy-mm-dd'), 2975, NULL, 20);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7654, 'MARTIN', 'SALESMAN', 7698,
TO_DATE('2022-03-14', 'yyyy-mm-dd'), 1250, 1400, 30);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7698, 'BLAKE', 'MANAGER', 7839,
TO_DATE('2022-03-15', 'yyyy-mm-dd'), 2850, NULL, 30);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7782, 'CLARK', 'MANAGER', 7839,
TO_DATE('2022-03-16', 'yyyy-mm-dd'), 2450, NULL, 10);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7788, 'SCOTT', 'ANALYST', 7566,
TO_DATE('2022-03-17', 'yyyy-mm-dd'), 3000, NULL, 20);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7839, 'KING', 'PRESIDENT', NULL,
TO_DATE('2022-03-18', 'yyyy-mm-dd'), 5000, NULL, 10);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7844, 'TURNER', 'SALESMAN', 7698,
TO_DATE('2022-03-19', 'yyyy-mm-dd'), 1500, 0, 30);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7876, 'ADAMS', 'CLERK', 7788,
TO_DATE('2022-03-20', 'yyyy-mm-dd'), 1100, NULL, 20);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7900, 'JAMES', 'CLERK', 7698,
TO_DATE('2022-03-21', 'yyyy-mm-dd'), 950, NULL, 30);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7902, 'FORD', 'ANALYST', 7566,
TO_DATE('2022-03-22', 'yyyy-mm-dd'), 3000, NULL, 20);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7934, 'MILLER', 'CLERK', 7782,
TO_DATE('2022-03-23', 'yyyy-mm-dd'), 1300, NULL, 10);CREATE TABLE DEPT
(DEPTNO NUMBER(2),
DNAME VARCHAR2(14),
LOC VARCHAR2(13)
);INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES (10, 'ACCOUNTING', 'NEW YORK');
INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES (20, 'RESEARCH', 'DALLAS');
INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES (30, 'SALES', 'CHICAGO');
INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES (40, 'OPERATIONS', 'BOSTON ');select *from emp
select *from dept-- 添加约束（可选）
alter table emp add constraint emp_pk primary key(empno);
alter table dept add constraint dept_pk primary key(deptno);
alter table dept add constraint emp_fk_dept foreign key(deptno) references dept;
alter table emp add constraint emp_fk_emp foreign key(mgr) references emp;

VsCode新建项目

如果不知道自己的oracle安装路径，就看附录中的查看方法

项目配置

配置包含目录(头文件)

配置属性–>VC++目录–>包含目录(头文件)–》添加路径（注意最上方的一行配置根据实际情况选，如果不知道按照图片上的选）
E:\oracle11g\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1\OCI\include

配置属性–>VC++目录–>库目录–》添加路径（注意最上方的一行配置根据实际情况选，如果不知道按照图片上的选）
E:\oracle11g\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1\OCI\lib\MSVC

配置依赖项

配置属性–>链接器–>输入–>附加依赖项–>oci.lib（注意最上方的一行配置根据实际情况选，如果不知道按照图片上的选）
E:\oracle11g\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1\OCI\lib\MSVC

关闭SDL检查

配置属性–>C/C+±->SDL检查–>否（注意最上方的一行配置根据实际情况选，如果不知道按照图片上的选）

代码部分

引入头文件

右键头文件-点击添加-选择现有项。将OCI\include的oci.h引入进来。

C代码

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS     //这个宏定义最好要放到.c文件的第一行
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <oci.h>
static text *username = (text *) "scott";
static text *password = (text *) "oracle";/* Define SQL statements to be used in program. */
static text *insert = (text *)"INSERT INTO emp(empno, ename, job, sal, deptno)\VALUES (:empno, :ename, :job, :sal, :deptno)";
static text *seldept = (text *)"SELECT dname FROM dept WHERE deptno = :1";
static text *maxemp = (text *)"SELECT NVL(MAX(empno), 0) FROM emp";
static text *selemp = (text *)"SELECT ename, job FROM emp";static OCIEnv *envhp;
static OCIError *errhp;static void checkerr(/*_ OCIError *errhp, sword status _*/);
static void cleanup(/*_ void _*/);
static void myfflush(/*_ void _*/);
int main(/*_ int argc, char *argv[] _*/);static sword status;int main()
{sword    empno, sal, deptno;sword    len, len2, rv, dsize, dsize2;sb4      enamelen = 10;sb4      joblen = 9;sb4      deptlen = 14;sb2      sal_ind, job_ind;sb2      db_type, db2_type;sb1      name_buf[20], name2_buf[20];text     *cp, *ename, *job, *dept;sb2      ind[2];                                              /* indicator */ub2      alen[2];                                         /* actual length */ub2      rlen[2];                                         /* return length */OCIDescribe  *dschndl1 = (OCIDescribe *)0,*dschndl2 = (OCIDescribe *)0,*dschndl3 = (OCIDescribe *)0;OCISession *authp = (OCISession *)0;  /* 用户会话句柄 */OCIServer *srvhp;   /* 服务器句柄 */OCISvcCtx *svchp;    /* 服务句柄 */OCIStmt   *inserthp,*stmthp,*stmthp1;OCIDefine *defnp = (OCIDefine *)0;OCIBind  *bnd1p = (OCIBind *)0;             /* the first bind handle */OCIBind  *bnd2p = (OCIBind *)0;             /* the second bind handle */OCIBind  *bnd3p = (OCIBind *)0;             /* the third bind handle */OCIBind  *bnd4p = (OCIBind *)0;             /* the fourth bind handle */OCIBind  *bnd5p = (OCIBind *)0;             /* the fifth bind handle */OCIBind  *bnd6p = (OCIBind *)0;             /* the sixth bind handle */sword errcode = 0;/* 将模式初始化为线程和对象环境 */errcode = OCIEnvCreate((OCIEnv **)&envhp, (ub4)OCI_DEFAULT,(dvoid *)0, (dvoid * (*)(dvoid *, size_t)) 0,(dvoid * (*)(dvoid *, dvoid *, size_t)) 0,(void(*)(dvoid *, dvoid *)) 0, (size_t)0, (dvoid **)0);if (errcode != 0) {(void)printf("OCIEnvCreate failed with errcode = %d.\n", errcode);exit(1);}/* 分配一个错误句柄 */(void)OCIHandleAlloc((dvoid *)envhp, (dvoid **)&errhp, OCI_HTYPE_ERROR,(size_t)0, (dvoid **)0);/* 分配一个服务器句柄 */(void)OCIHandleAlloc((dvoid *)envhp, (dvoid **)&srvhp, OCI_HTYPE_SERVER,(size_t)0, (dvoid **)0);/* 分配一个服务句柄 */(void)OCIHandleAlloc((dvoid *)envhp, (dvoid **)&svchp, OCI_HTYPE_SVCCTX,(size_t)0, (dvoid **)0);/* 创建服务器上下文  指定要使用的数据库服务器。该参数指向一个字符串，该字符串指定一个连接字符串或一个服务点。如果连接字符串是NULL，则此调用附加到默认主机。字符串本身可能处于UTF-16编码模式，也可能不处于编码模式，这取决于mode应用程序环境句柄中的 或设置的长度在dblink中指定dblink_len。调用者可以在dblink返回时释放指针*/(void)OCIServerAttach(srvhp, errhp, (text *)"", strlen(""), 0);/* 在服务上下文句柄中设置服务器属性*/(void)OCIAttrSet((dvoid *)svchp, OCI_HTYPE_SVCCTX, (dvoid *)srvhp,(ub4)0, OCI_ATTR_SERVER, (OCIError *)errhp);/* 分配一个用户会话句柄 */(void)OCIHandleAlloc((dvoid *)envhp, (dvoid **)&authp,(ub4)OCI_HTYPE_SESSION, (size_t)0, (dvoid **)0);/* 在用户会话句柄中设置用户名属性 */(void)OCIAttrSet((dvoid *)authp, (ub4)OCI_HTYPE_SESSION,(dvoid *)username, (ub4)strlen((char *)username),(ub4)OCI_ATTR_USERNAME, errhp);/* 在用户会话句柄中设置密码属性 */(void)OCIAttrSet((dvoid *)authp, (ub4)OCI_HTYPE_SESSION,(dvoid *)password, (ub4)strlen((char *)password),(ub4)OCI_ATTR_PASSWORD, errhp);checkerr(errhp, OCISessionBegin(svchp, errhp, authp, OCI_CRED_RDBMS,(ub4)OCI_DEFAULT));/* 在服务上下文句柄中设置用户会话属性*/(void)OCIAttrSet((dvoid *)svchp, (ub4)OCI_HTYPE_SVCCTX,(dvoid *)authp, (ub4)0,(ub4)OCI_ATTR_SESSION, errhp);checkerr(errhp, OCIHandleAlloc((dvoid *)envhp, (dvoid **)&stmthp,OCI_HTYPE_STMT, (size_t)0, (dvoid **)0));checkerr(errhp, OCIHandleAlloc((dvoid *)envhp, (dvoid **)&stmthp1,OCI_HTYPE_STMT, (size_t)0, (dvoid **)0));/* Retrieve the current maximum employee number. */checkerr(errhp, OCIStmtPrepare(stmthp, errhp, maxemp,(ub4)strlen((char *)maxemp),(ub4)OCI_NTV_SYNTAX, (ub4)OCI_DEFAULT));/* bind the input variable */checkerr(errhp, OCIDefineByPos(stmthp, &defnp, errhp, 1, (dvoid *)&empno,(sword) sizeof(sword), SQLT_INT, (dvoid *)0, (ub2 *)0,(ub2 *)0, OCI_DEFAULT));/* execute and fetch *//*将应用程序请求与服务器相关联。*/if (status = OCIStmtExecute(svchp, stmthp, errhp, (ub4)1, (ub4)0,(CONST OCISnapshot *) NULL, (OCISnapshot *)NULL, OCI_DEFAULT)){if (status == OCI_NO_DATA)empno = 10;else{checkerr(errhp, status);cleanup();return OCI_ERROR;}}/** When we bind the insert statement we also need to allocate the storage* of the employee name and the job description.* Since the lifetime of these buffers are the same as the statement, we* will allocate it at the time when the statement handle is allocated; this* will get freed when the statement disappears and there is less* fragmentation.** sizes required are enamelen+2 and joblen+2 to allow for \n and \0**/checkerr(errhp, OCIHandleAlloc((dvoid *)envhp, (dvoid **)&inserthp,OCI_HTYPE_STMT, (size_t)enamelen + 2 + joblen + 2,(dvoid **)&ename));job = (text *)(ename + enamelen + 2);checkerr(errhp, OCIStmtPrepare(stmthp, errhp, insert,(ub4)strlen((char *)insert),(ub4)OCI_NTV_SYNTAX, (ub4)OCI_DEFAULT));checkerr(errhp, OCIStmtPrepare(stmthp1, errhp, seldept,(ub4)strlen((char *)seldept),(ub4)OCI_NTV_SYNTAX, (ub4)OCI_DEFAULT));/*  Bind the placeholders in the INSERT statement. */if ((status = OCIBindByName(stmthp, &bnd1p, errhp, (text *) ":ENAME",-1, (dvoid *)ename,enamelen + 1, SQLT_STR, (dvoid *)0,(ub2 *)0, (ub2 *)0, (ub4)0, (ub4 *)0, OCI_DEFAULT)) ||(status = OCIBindByName(stmthp, &bnd2p, errhp, (text *) ":JOB",-1, (dvoid *)job,joblen + 1, SQLT_STR, (dvoid *)&job_ind,(ub2 *)0, (ub2 *)0, (ub4)0, (ub4 *)0, OCI_DEFAULT)) ||(status = OCIBindByName(stmthp, &bnd3p, errhp, (text *) ":SAL",-1, (dvoid *)&sal,(sword) sizeof(sal), SQLT_INT, (dvoid *)&sal_ind,(ub2 *)0, (ub2 *)0, (ub4)0, (ub4 *)0, OCI_DEFAULT)) ||(status = OCIBindByName(stmthp, &bnd4p, errhp, (text *) ":DEPTNO",-1, (dvoid *)&deptno,(sword) sizeof(deptno), SQLT_INT, (dvoid *)0,(ub2 *)0, (ub2 *)0, (ub4)0, (ub4 *)0, OCI_DEFAULT)) ||(status = OCIBindByName(stmthp, &bnd5p, errhp, (text *) ":EMPNO",-1, (dvoid *)&empno,(sword) sizeof(empno), SQLT_INT, (dvoid *)0,(ub2 *)0, (ub2 *)0, (ub4)0, (ub4 *)0, OCI_DEFAULT))){checkerr(errhp, status);cleanup();return OCI_ERROR;}/*  Bind the placeholder in the "seldept" statement. */if (status = OCIBindByPos(stmthp1, &bnd6p, errhp, 1,(dvoid *)&deptno, (sword) sizeof(deptno), SQLT_INT,(dvoid *)0, (ub2 *)0, (ub2 *)0, (ub4)0, (ub4 *)0, OCI_DEFAULT)){checkerr(errhp, status);cleanup();return OCI_ERROR;}/*  Allocate the dept buffer now that you have length. *//* the deptlen should eventually get from dschndl3.    */deptlen = 14;dept = (text *)malloc((size_t)deptlen + 1);/*  Define the output variable for the select-list. */if (status = OCIDefineByPos(stmthp1, &defnp, errhp, 1,(dvoid *)dept, deptlen + 1, SQLT_STR,(dvoid *)0, (ub2 *)0, (ub2 *)0, OCI_DEFAULT)){checkerr(errhp, status);cleanup();return OCI_ERROR;}for (;;){/* Prompt for employee name.  Break on no name. */printf("\nEnter employee name (or CR to EXIT): ");fgets((char *)ename, (int)enamelen + 1, stdin);cp = (text *)strchr((char *)ename, '\n');if (cp == ename){printf("Exiting... ");cleanup();return OCI_SUCCESS;}if (cp)*cp = '\0';else{printf("Employee name may be truncated.\n");myfflush();}/*  Prompt for the employee's job and salary. */printf("Enter employee job: ");job_ind = 0;fgets((char *)job, (int)joblen + 1, stdin);cp = (text *)strchr((char *)job, '\n');if (cp == job){job_ind = -1;            /* make it NULL in table */printf("Job is NULL.\n");/* using indicator variable */}else if (cp == 0){printf("Job description may be truncated.\n");myfflush();}else*cp = '\0';printf("Enter employee salary: ");scanf("%d", &sal);myfflush();sal_ind = (sal <= 0) ? -2 : 0;  /* set indicator variable *//**  Prompt for the employee's department number, and verify*  that the entered department number is valid*  by executing and fetching.*/do{printf("Enter employee dept: ");scanf("%d", &deptno);myfflush();if ((status = OCIStmtExecute(svchp, stmthp1, errhp, (ub4)1, (ub4)0,(CONST OCISnapshot *) NULL, (OCISnapshot *)NULL, OCI_DEFAULT))&& (status != OCI_NO_DATA)){checkerr(errhp, status);cleanup();return OCI_ERROR;}if (status == OCI_NO_DATA)printf("The dept you entered doesn't exist.\n");} while (status == OCI_NO_DATA);/**  Increment empno by 10, and execute the INSERT*  statement. If the return code is 1 (duplicate*  value in index), then generate the next*  employee number.*/empno += 10;if ((status = OCIStmtExecute(svchp, stmthp, errhp, (ub4)1, (ub4)0,(CONST OCISnapshot *) NULL, (OCISnapshot *)NULL, OCI_DEFAULT))&& status != 1){checkerr(errhp, status);cleanup();return OCI_ERROR;}while (status == 1){empno += 10;if ((status = OCIStmtExecute(svchp, stmthp, errhp, (ub4)1, (ub4)0,(CONST OCISnapshot *) NULL, (OCISnapshot *)NULL, OCI_DEFAULT))&& status != 1){checkerr(errhp, status);cleanup();return OCI_ERROR;}}  /* end for (;;) *//* Commit the change. */if (status = OCITransCommit(svchp, errhp, 0)){checkerr(errhp, status);cleanup();return OCI_ERROR;}printf("\n\n%s added to the %s department as employee number %d\n",ename, dept, empno);}
}void checkerr(errhp, status)
OCIError *errhp;
sword status;
{text errbuf[512];sb4 errcode = 0;switch (status){case OCI_SUCCESS:break;case OCI_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO:(void)printf("Error - OCI_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO\n");break;case OCI_NEED_DATA:(void)printf("Error - OCI_NEED_DATA\n");break;case OCI_NO_DATA:(void)printf("Error - OCI_NODATA\n");break;case OCI_ERROR:(void)OCIErrorGet((dvoid *)errhp, (ub4)1, (text *)NULL, &errcode,errbuf, (ub4) sizeof(errbuf), OCI_HTYPE_ERROR);(void)printf("Error - %.*s\n", 512, errbuf);break;case OCI_INVALID_HANDLE:(void)printf("Error - OCI_INVALID_HANDLE\n");break;case OCI_STILL_EXECUTING:(void)printf("Error - OCI_STILL_EXECUTE\n");break;case OCI_CONTINUE:(void)printf("Error - OCI_CONTINUE\n");break;default:break;}
}/**  Exit program with an exit code.*/
void cleanup()
{if (envhp)(void)OCIHandleFree((dvoid *)envhp, OCI_HTYPE_ENV);return;
}void myfflush()
{eb1 buf[50];fgets((char *)buf, 50, stdin);
}/* end of file cdemo81.c */

Q&A

windows服务器下oracle数据库查看客户端安装位置

win+R键调出运行界面，输入 services.msc

bin 前面的路径就是 oracle 的根目录。

库计算机类型“x64”与目标计算机类型“x86”冲突

E:\oracle11g\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1\OCI\lib\MSVC\oci.lib : warning LNK4272: 库计算机类型“x64”与目标计算机类型“x86”冲突

两种解决方式

调整编译程序的类型

重新引入依赖项引入ociw32.lib的文件

配置属性–>链接器–>输入–>附加依赖项–>ociw32.lib（注意最上方的一行配置根据实际情况选，如果不知道按照图片上的选）

附录

oracle的OCI目录下没有samples包

如果装的oracle不是完整版，oci目录下就没有samples包，这时就需要单独安装一下。我这里的版本是oracle11g，配套的版本在官网链接如下，里面win64_11gR2_examples.zip
https://www.oracle.com/cn/database/technologies/microsoft-windows.html

下载下来以后，双击安装就会在oracle的OCI目录下生成samples目录，如果安装失败了，就直接去资料包中网盘中去下载samples包吧。

samples文件夹中每个c文件的Demo含义，参考官方文档https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/appdev.112/e10646/ociabdem.htm

oci的手册下载

https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/nav/portal_5.htm

参考

11g oci的手册
https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/appdev.112/e10646/oci02bas.htm
11g oci的simple的demo列表
https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/appdev.112/e10646/ociabdem.htm
21 oci的手册
https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/21/lnoci/oci-programming-basics.html
21 oci的simple的demo列表
https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/21/lnoci/oci-demo-programs.html

资料包

链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1ICPj3eHMDCxpi5zdWcsdag
提取码：jgeg
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