linux环境下基于opengl的3*3可控魔方绘制

一、前言
本程序设计使用opengl函数库，在linux环境下运行，绘制一个3*3的魔方，可以通过键盘控制任意层的旋转，达到魔方转动的效果。（参考很多年前一毕业论文，个人觉得写的好）
二、功能设计方案

1.魔方的绘制采用等效替代的思路，一个大魔方是由27块小正方体组成的，那么绘制一个标准正方体后通过空间中的移位来移动到预先设定的位置，而不是整体绘制。

2.首先对立方体建模，一个小正方体由8个点组成，有6个面，那么对正方体的几何操作本质上对6个面操作，也就是对8个点操作。正方体的空间旋转，归根到底还是顶点的旋转.

3.当键盘触发旋转，单层进行了旋转，需要更新小正方体的索引号，首先在小正方体模型池中遍历进行比对，更新出现在的该层索引号，如果不更新，旋转该层将发生扭曲错误，这和程序单层旋转的设计方案有关，本设计是通过索引号来实现任意层次的旋转的，所以旋转后要更新旋转，来知道此时此刻该层都是哪些小正方体，如果是其他设计方案，自然不用。

旋转代码片段和模型对比代码片段：

void Rotate_ZM()
{for(int i=0;i<8;i++)Rotate(&Cube[ZM[i]],rotAngle,0.0,0.0,1.0);if(rotCount++==CYCLE_COUNT){Update_Cube_index();rotAngle=0;rotZ=0;}

int is_equal(stCube *pc1,stCube *pc2)
{float x1,x2,y1,y2,z1,z2;int isFind=0;for(int i=0;i<8;i++){x1=pc1->CubePoint[i].p[0];y1=pc1->CubePoint[i].p[1];z1=pc1->CubePoint[i].p[2];isFind=0;for(int j=0;j<8;j++){x2=pc2->CubePoint[j].p[0];y2=pc2->CubePoint[j].p[1];z2=pc2->CubePoint[j].p[2];if(fabs(x1-x2)<1e-1 && fabs(y1-y2)<1e-1 && fabs(z1-z2)<1e-1)    {pc1->CubePoint[i].p[0]=pc2->CubePoint[j].p[0];pc1->CubePoint[i].p[1]=pc2->CubePoint[j].p[1];pc1->CubePoint[i].p[2]=pc2->CubePoint[j].p[2];isFind=1;break;}}if(isFind==0)  return 0;    }return 1;
}

下面是demo的实现代码，因为不是最终用的版本，如果有问题也是小问题，稍作修改即可编译运行，懒得检查了。

#include <GL/gl.h>
#include <GL/glu.h>
#include <GL/glut.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>#define PI 3.1415926#define CYCLE_COUNT 90int rotate=0;
int rotAngle=0;
int  rotCount=0;
int rotX,rotY,rotZ;typedef struct
{GLfloat vx,vy,vz;
}CubeVertex;typedef struct
{GLfloat p[3];
}stPoint;typedef struct
{stPoint CubePoint[8];}stCube;static stPoint CubePoint[8]=
{{-1.0f,-1.0f,1.0f},{1.0f,-1.0f,1.0f},{1.0f,1.0f,1.0f},{-1.0f,1.0f,1.0f},{-1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f},{-1.0f,1.0f,-1.0f},{1.0f,1.0f,-1.0f},{1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f}};stCube Cube[27];stCube Static_Cube[27];int ZP[9]={0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8};int ZZ[9]={9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17};int ZM[9]={18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26};int YM[9]={0,1,2,11,10,9,18,19,20};int YZ[9]={3,4,5,14,13,12,21,22,23};int YP[9]={6,7,8,17,16,15,24,25,26};int XM[9]={2,3,8,17,12,11,20,21,26};int XZ[9]={1,4,7,16,13,10,19,22,25};int XP[9]={0,5,6,15,14,9,18,23,24};const int SZP[9]={0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8};const int SZZ[9]={9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17};const int SZM[9]={18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26};const int SYM[9]={0,1,2,11,10,9,18,19,20};const int SYZ[9]={3,4,5,14,13,12,21,22,23};const int SYP[9]={6,7,8,17,16,15,24,25,26};const int SXM[9]={2,3,8,17,12,11,20,21,26};const int SXZ[9]={1,4,7,16,13,10,19,22,25};const int SXP[9]={0,5,6,15,14,9,18,23,24};void Rotate(stCube *pCube,float angle,float x0,float y0,float z0)
{int i;double a = PI*2.0*angle/360.0;double cosa = cos(a);double sina=sin(a);if(fabs(x0)>1e-2){for(i=0;i<8;i++){float y,z;y=pCube->CubePoint[i].p[1];z=pCube->CubePoint[i].p[2];pCube->CubePoint[i].p[1]=y*cosa-z*sina;pCube->CubePoint[i].p[2]=y*sina+z*cosa;}}if(fabs(y0)>1e-2)
{for(i=0;i<8;i++){    float x,z;x=pCube->CubePoint[i].p[0];z=pCube->CubePoint[i].p[2];pCube->CubePoint[i].p[0]=x*cosa-z*sina;pCube->CubePoint[i].p[2]=x*sina+z*cosa;}
}if(fabs(z0)>1e-2){ for(i=0;i<8;i++){float x,y;x=pCube->CubePoint[i].p[0];y=pCube->CubePoint[i].p[1];pCube->CubePoint[i].p[0]=x*cosa-y*sina;pCube->CubePoint[i].p[1]=x*sina+y*cosa;}}
}int is_equal(stCube *pc1,stCube *pc2)
{float x1,x2,y1,y2,z1,z2;int isFind=0;for(int i=0;i<8;i++){x1=pc1->CubePoint[i].p[0];y1=pc1->CubePoint[i].p[1];z1=pc1->CubePoint[i].p[2];isFind=0;for(int j=0;j<8;j++){x2=pc2->CubePoint[j].p[0];y2=pc2->CubePoint[j].p[1];z2=pc2->CubePoint[j].p[2];if(fabs(x1-x2)<1e-1 && fabs(y1-y2)<1e-1 && fabs(z1-z2)<1e-1)    {pc1->CubePoint[i].p[0]=pc2->CubePoint[j].p[0];pc1->CubePoint[i].p[1]=pc2->CubePoint[j].p[1];pc1->CubePoint[i].p[2]=pc2->CubePoint[j].p[2];isFind=1;break;}}if(isFind==0)  return 0;    }return 1;
}void Update_Cube_index()
{int i,j,k=0;for(i=0;i<9;i++){for(j=0;j<27;j++)if(is_equal(&Cube[j],&Static_Cube[SZM[i]]))ZM[k++]=j;}k=0;for(i=0;i<9;i++){for(j=0;j<27;j++)if(is_equal(&Cube[j],&Static_Cube[SZZ[i]]))ZZ[k++]=j;}   k=0;for(i=0;i<9;i++){for(j=0;j<27;j++)if(is_equal(&Cube[j],&Static_Cube[SZP[i]]))ZP[k++]=j;}    k=0;for(i=0;i<9;i++){for(j=16;j<27;j++)if(is_equal(&Cube[j],&Static_Cube[SXM[i]]))XM[k++]=j;}k=0;for(i=0;i<9;i++){for(j=0;j<27;j++)if(is_equal(&Cube[j],&Static_Cube[SXZ[i]]))XZ[k++]=j;}       k=0;for(i=0;i<9;i++){for(j=0;j<27;j++)if(is_equal(&Cube[j],&Static_Cube[SXP[i]]))XP[k++]=j;}k=0;for(i=0;i<9;i++){for(j=0;j<27;j++)if(is_equal(&Cube[j],&Static_Cube[SYM[i]]))YM[k++]=j;}        k=0;for(i=0;i<9;i++){for(j=0;j<27;j++)if(is_equal(&Cube[j],&Static_Cube[SYZ[i]]))YZ[k++]=j;}k=0;for(i=0;i<9;i++){for(j=0;j<27;j++)if(is_equal(&Cube[j],&Static_Cube[SYP[i]]))YP[k++]=j;}
}void Rotate_ZM()
{for(int i=0;i<8;i++)Rotate(&Cube[ZM[i]],rotAngle,0.0,0.0,1.0);if(rotCount++==CYCLE_COUNT){Update_Cube_index();rotAngle=0;rotZ=0;}
}void Rotate_ZZ()
{for(int i=0;i<8;i++)Rotate(&Cube[ZZ[i]],rotAngle,0.0,0.0,1.0);if(rotCount++==CYCLE_COUNT){Update_Cube_index();rotAngle=0;rotZ=0;}
}void Rotate_ZP()
{for(int i=0;i<9;i++)Rotate(&Cube[ZP[i]],rotAngle,0.0,0.0,1.0);if(rotCount++==CYCLE_COUNT){Update_Cube_index();rotAngle=0;rotZ=0;}
}void Rotate_XM()
{for(int i=0;i<9;i++)Rotate(&Cube[XM[i]],rotAngle,1.0,0.0,0.0);if(rotCount++==CYCLE_COUNT){Update_Cube_index();rotAngle=0;rotX=0;}
}void Rotate_XZ()
{for(int i=0;i<9;i++)Rotate(&Cube[XZ[i]],rotAngle,1.0,0.0,0.0);if(rotCount++==CYCLE_COUNT){Update_Cube_index();rotAngle=0;rotX=0;}}void Rotate_XP()
{rotAngle=45;for(int i=0;i<9;i++)Rotate(&Cube[XP[i]],rotAngle,1.0,0.0,0.0);
}void Rotate_YM()
{for(int i=0;i<9;i++)Rotate(&Cube[YM[i]],rotAngle,0.0,1.0,0.0);if(rotCount++==CYCLE_COUNT){Update_Cube_index();rotAngle=0;rotY=0;}
}void Rotate_YZ()
{for(int i=0;i<9;i++)Rotate(&Cube[YZ[i]],rotAngle,0.0,1.0,0.0);if(rotCount++==CYCLE_COUNT){Update_Cube_index();rotAngle=0;rotY=0;}
}void Rotate_YP()
{for(int i=0;i<9;i++)Rotate(&Cube[YP[i]],rotAngle,0.0,1.0,0.0);if(rotCount++==CYCLE_COUNT){Update_Cube_index();rotAngle=0;rotY=0;}
}void Rotate_Z(int ii)
{switch(ii){case 0: Rotate_ZP(); break;case 1: Rotate_ZZ(); break;case 2: Rotate_ZM(); break;}}void Rotate_Y(int ii){switch(ii){case 0: Rotate_YP(); break;case 1: Rotate_YZ(); break;case 2: Rotate_YM(); break;}}void Rotate_X(int ii)
{switch(ii){case 0: Rotate_XP(); break;case 1: Rotate_XZ(); break;case 2: Rotate_XM(); break;}
}void glKeyboard(unsigned char key, int x, int y)
{switch (key){case 'a':Rotate_X(0);glutPostRedisplay();break;case 'd':rotate+=3;glutPostRedisplay();break;case 'w':Rotate_Y(0) ;glutPostRedisplay();break;case 's':rotate+=3;glutPostRedisplay();break;}
}

void rest_model()
{int i;for(i=0;i<8;i++){Cube[0].CubePoint[i].p[0]=CubePoint[i].p[0]-2.0f;Cube[0].CubePoint[i].p[1]=CubePoint[i].p[1]-2.0f;Cube[0].CubePoint[i].p[2]=CubePoint[i].p[2]+2.0f;}for(i=0;i<8;i++){Cube[1].CubePoint[i].p[0]=CubePoint[i].p[0]+0.0f;Cube[1].CubePoint[i].p[1]=CubePoint[i].p[1]-2.0f;Cube[1].CubePoint[i].p[2]=CubePoint[i].p[2]+2.0f;}for(i=0;i<8;i++){Cube[2].CubePoint[i].p[0]=CubePoint[i].p[0]+2.0f;Cube[2].CubePoint[i].p[1]=CubePoint[i].p[1]-2.0f;Cube[2].CubePoint[i].p[2]=CubePoint[i].p[2]+2.0f;}for(i=0;i<8;i++){Cube[3].CubePoint[i].p[0]=CubePoint[i].p[0]+2.0f;Cube[3].CubePoint[i].p[1]=CubePoint[i].p[1]+0.0f;Cube[3].CubePoint[i].p[2]=CubePoint[i].p[2]+2.0f;}for(i=0;i<8;i++){Cube[4].CubePoint[i].p[0]=CubePoint[i].p[0]+0.0f;Cube[4].CubePoint[i].p[1]=CubePoint[i].p[1]+0.0f;Cube[4].CubePoint[i].p[2]=CubePoint[i].p[2]+2.0f;}for(i=0;i<8;i++){Cube[5].CubePoint[i].p[0]=CubePoint[i].p[0]-2.0f;Cube[5].CubePoint[i].p[1]=CubePoint[i].p[1]+0.0f;Cube[5].CubePoint[i].p[2]=CubePoint[i].p[2]+2.0f;}for(i=0;i<8;i++){Cube[6].CubePoint[i].p[0]=CubePoint[i].p[0]-2.0f;Cube[6].CubePoint[i].p[1]=CubePoint[i].p[1]+2.0f;Cube[6].CubePoint[i].p[2]=CubePoint[i].p[2]+2.0f;}for(i=0;i<8;i++){Cube[7].CubePoint[i].p[0]=CubePoint[i].p[0]+0.0f;Cube[7].CubePoint[i].p[1]=CubePoint[i].p[1]+2.0f;Cube[7].CubePoint[i].p[2]=CubePoint[i].p[2]+2.0f;}   for(i=0;i<8;i++){Cube[8].CubePoint[i].p[0]=CubePoint[i].p[0]+2.0f;Cube[8].CubePoint[i].p[1]=CubePoint[i].p[1]+2.0f;Cube[8].CubePoint[i].p[2]=CubePoint[i].p[2]+2.0f;}   for(i=0;i<8;i++){Cube[9].CubePoint[i].p[0]=CubePoint[i].p[0]-2.0f;Cube[9].CubePoint[i].p[1]=CubePoint[i].p[1]-2.0f;Cube[9].CubePoint[i].p[2]=CubePoint[i].p[2]+0.0f;} for(i=0;i<8;i++){Cube[10].CubePoint[i].p[0]=CubePoint[i].p[0]+0.0f;Cube[10].CubePoint[i].p[1]=CubePoint[i].p[1]-2.0f;Cube[10].CubePoint[i].p[2]=CubePoint[i].p[2]+0.0f;} for(i=0;i<8;i++){Cube[11].CubePoint[i].p[0]=CubePoint[i].p[0]-2.0f;Cube[11].CubePoint[i].p[1]=CubePoint[i].p[1]+0.0f;Cube[11].CubePoint[i].p[2]=CubePoint[i].p[2]+2.0f;} for(i=0;i<8;i++){Cube[12].CubePoint[i].p[0]=CubePoint[i].p[0]+2.0f;Cube[12].CubePoint[i].p[1]=CubePoint[i].p[1]+0.0f;Cube[12].CubePoint[i].p[2]=CubePoint[i].p[2]+0.0f;}    for(i=0;i<8;i++){Cube[13].CubePoint[i].p[0]=CubePoint[i].p[0]+0.0f;Cube[13].CubePoint[i].p[1]=CubePoint[i].p[1]+0.0f;Cube[13].CubePoint[i].p[2]=CubePoint[i].p[2]+0.0f;}for(i=0;i<8;i++){Cube[14].CubePoint[i].p[0]=CubePoint[i].p[0]-2.0f;Cube[14].CubePoint[i].p[1]=CubePoint[i].p[1]+0.0f;Cube[14].CubePoint[i].p[2]=CubePoint[i].p[2]+0.0f;}for(i=0;i<8;i++){Cube[15].CubePoint[i].p[0]=CubePoint[i].p[0]-2.0f;Cube[15].CubePoint[i].p[1]=CubePoint[i].p[1]+2.0f;Cube[15].CubePoint[i].p[2]=CubePoint[i].p[2]+0.0f;}for(i=0;i<8;i++){Cube[16].CubePoint[i].p[0]=CubePoint[i].p[0]+0.0f;Cube[16].CubePoint[i].p[1]=CubePoint[i].p[1]+2.0f;Cube[16].CubePoint[i].p[2]=CubePoint[i].p[2]+0.0f;}for(i=0;i<8;i++){Cube[17].CubePoint[i].p[0]=CubePoint[i].p[0]+2.0f;Cube[17].CubePoint[i].p[1]=CubePoint[i].p[1]+2.0f;Cube[17].CubePoint[i].p[2]=CubePoint[i].p[2]+0.0f;}for(i=0;i<8;i++){Cube[18].CubePoint[i].p[0]=CubePoint[i].p[0]-2.0f;Cube[18].CubePoint[i].p[1]=CubePoint[i].p[1]-2.0f;Cube[18].CubePoint[i].p[2]=CubePoint[i].p[2]-2.0f;}for(i=0;i<8;i++){Cube[19].CubePoint[i].p[0]=CubePoint[i].p[0]+0.0f;Cube[19].CubePoint[i].p[1]=CubePoint[i].p[1]-2.0f;Cube[19].CubePoint[i].p[2]=CubePoint[i].p[2]-2.0f;}   for(i=0;i<8;i++){Cube[20].CubePoint[i].p[0]=CubePoint[i].p[0]+2.0f;Cube[20].CubePoint[i].p[1]=CubePoint[i].p[1]-2.0f;Cube[20].CubePoint[i].p[2]=CubePoint[i].p[2]-2.0f;}for(i=0;i<8;i++){Cube[21].CubePoint[i].p[0]=CubePoint[i].p[0]+2.0f;Cube[21].CubePoint[i].p[1]=CubePoint[i].p[1]+0.0f;Cube[21].CubePoint[i].p[2]=CubePoint[i].p[2]-2.0f;}   for(i=0;i<8;i++){Cube[22].CubePoint[i].p[0]=CubePoint[i].p[0]+0.0f;Cube[22].CubePoint[i].p[1]=CubePoint[i].p[1]+0.0f;Cube[22].CubePoint[i].p[2]=CubePoint[i].p[2]-2.0f;}for(i=0;i<8;i++){Cube[23].CubePoint[i].p[0]=CubePoint[i].p[0]-2.0f;Cube[23].CubePoint[i].p[1]=CubePoint[i].p[1]+0.0f;Cube[23].CubePoint[i].p[2]=CubePoint[i].p[2]-2.0f;}for(i=0;i<8;i++){Cube[24].CubePoint[i].p[0]=CubePoint[i].p[0]-2.0f;Cube[24].CubePoint[i].p[1]=CubePoint[i].p[1]+2.0f;Cube[24].CubePoint[i].p[2]=CubePoint[i].p[2]-2.0f;}for(i=0;i<8;i++){Cube[25].CubePoint[i].p[0]=CubePoint[i].p[0]+0.0f;Cube[25].CubePoint[i].p[1]=CubePoint[i].p[1]+2.0f;Cube[25].CubePoint[i].p[2]=CubePoint[i].p[2]-2.0f;}for(i=0;i<8;i++){Cube[26].CubePoint[i].p[0]=CubePoint[i].p[0]+2.0f;Cube[26].CubePoint[i].p[1]=CubePoint[i].p[1]+2.0f;Cube[26].CubePoint[i].p[2]=CubePoint[i].p[2]-2.0f;}for(i=0;i<27;i++)Static_Cube[i]=Cube[i];}void DrawCube(int ID){stPoint *CubePoint=Cube[ID].CubePoint;glColor3f(1, 0, 0);glBegin(GL_QUADS);//glNormal3f(0.0f,1.0f,0.0f);glVertex3f(CubePoint[0].p[0],CubePoint[0].p[1],CubePoint[0].p[2]);glVertex3f(CubePoint[1].p[0],CubePoint[1].p[1],CubePoint[1].p[2]);glVertex3f(CubePoint[2].p[0],CubePoint[2].p[1],CubePoint[2].p[2]);glVertex3f(CubePoint[3].p[0],CubePoint[3].p[1],CubePoint[3].p[2]);glEnd();glColor3f(1, 1, 0);glBegin(GL_QUADS);// glNormal3f(0.0f,-1.0f,0.0f);glVertex3f(CubePoint[4].p[0],CubePoint[4].p[1],CubePoint[4].p[2]);glVertex3f(CubePoint[5].p[0],CubePoint[5].p[1],CubePoint[5].p[2]);glVertex3f(CubePoint[6].p[0],CubePoint[6].p[1],CubePoint[6].p[2]);glVertex3f(CubePoint[7].p[0],CubePoint[7].p[1],CubePoint[7].p[2]);glEnd();glColor3f(1, 0, 1);glBegin(GL_QUADS);// glNormal3f(0.0f,0.0f,1.0f);glVertex3f(CubePoint[5].p[0],CubePoint[5].p[1],CubePoint[5].p[2]);glVertex3f(CubePoint[3].p[0],CubePoint[3].p[1],CubePoint[3].p[2]);glVertex3f(CubePoint[2].p[0],CubePoint[2].p[1],CubePoint[2].p[2]);glVertex3f(CubePoint[6].p[0],CubePoint[6].p[1],CubePoint[6].p[2]);glEnd();glColor3f(1, 1, 1);glBegin(GL_QUADS);//glNormal3f(0.0f,0.0f,-1.0f);glVertex3f(CubePoint[4].p[0],CubePoint[4].p[1],CubePoint[4].p[2]);glVertex3f(CubePoint[7].p[0],CubePoint[7].p[1],CubePoint[7].p[2]);glVertex3f(CubePoint[1].p[0],CubePoint[1].p[1],CubePoint[1].p[2]);glVertex3f(CubePoint[0].p[0],CubePoint[0].p[1],CubePoint[0].p[2]);glEnd();glColor3f(0.5, 0.5, 0);glBegin(GL_QUADS);//glNormal3f(-1.0f,0.0f,0.0f);glVertex3f(CubePoint[7].p[0],CubePoint[7].p[1],CubePoint[7].p[2]);glVertex3f(CubePoint[6].p[0],CubePoint[6].p[1],CubePoint[6].p[2]);glVertex3f(CubePoint[2].p[0],CubePoint[2].p[1],CubePoint[2].p[2]);glVertex3f(CubePoint[1].p[0],CubePoint[1].p[1],CubePoint[1].p[2]);glEnd();glColor3f(1, 0, 0.5);glBegin(GL_QUADS);//glNormal3f(1.0f,0.0f,0.0f);glVertex3f(CubePoint[4].p[0],CubePoint[4].p[1],CubePoint[4].p[2]);glVertex3f(CubePoint[0].p[0],CubePoint[0].p[1],CubePoint[0].p[2]);glVertex3f(CubePoint[3].p[0],CubePoint[3].p[1],CubePoint[3].p[2]);glVertex3f(CubePoint[5].p[0],CubePoint[5].p[1],CubePoint[5].p[2]);glEnd();}void renderScene(void) {//glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT|GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT );  glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); glLoadIdentity();glPushMatrix();glTranslatef(-0.1,0.0,-0.0);glScalef(0.1, 0.1, 0.1);gluLookAt (0.0, 0.0, 2.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0,0.0); glRotatef(rotate, 0, 0, 1);glRotatef(rotate, 1, 0, 0);for(int j=0;j<27;j++)DrawCube(j);glPopMatrix();glutSwapBuffers();}void main(int argc, char **argv) {glutInit(&argc, argv);glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DEPTH | GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGBA);glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH);                        glClearColor(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);                  glClearDepth(1.0f);                          glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);                          glDepthFunc(GL_LEQUAL);                         glHint(GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT, GL_NICEST);  glutInitWindowPosition(100,100);glutInitWindowSize(1000, 1000);rest_model();gluLookAt (2.0, 2.0, 0.0, 2.0, 1.0, 5.0, 2.0, 1.0, 5.0);glutCreateWindow("Cube_Demo");glutDisplayFunc(renderScene);glutKeyboardFunc(glKeyboard);glutIdleFunc(renderScene);glutMainLoop();
}

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