Python 是一种功能强大且易于学习的编程语言，它在运维工程师的日常工作中扮演着重要的角色。Python 的简洁性和丰富的库生态系统使其成为编写自动化脚本和工具的理想选择。下面是一些运维工程师在日常工作中经常使用的 Python 脚本的概述。

命令行模块

from optparse import OptionParserparser = OptionParser()
parser.add_option("-u", "--user", action="store_true", dest="users", default=False, help="user names")
parser.add_option("-p", "--port", action="store_true", dest="ports", default=False, help="user ports")
(options, args) = parser.parse_args() if options.users==True:print("user names is true")
if options.ports==True:print("passwd is true")

批量遍历目录文件,并修改访问时间

>>> path="D:/UASM64/include/"
>>> dirs = os.listdir(path)
>>> for file in dirs:
...     print(os.path.join(path,file))import ospath = "D:/UASM64/include/"
dirs = os.listdir(path)
temp=[];for file in dirs:temp.append(os.path.join(path, file))
for x in temp:os.utime(x, (1577808000, 1577808000))

遍历目录和文件

import osdef list_all_files(rootdir):import os_files = []list = os.listdir(rootdir) #列出文件夹下所有的目录与文件for i in range(0,len(list)):path = os.path.join(rootdir,list[i])if os.path.isdir(path):_files.extend(list_all_files(path))if os.path.isfile(path):_files.append(path)return _filesa=list_all_files("C:/Users/LyShark/Desktop/a")
print(a)

检测指定端口状态

import socketsk = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM)
sk.settimeout(1)for ip in range(0,254):try:sk.connect(("192.168.1."+str(ip),443))print("192.168.1.%d server open \n"%ip)except Exception:print("192.168.1.%d server not open"%ip)sk.close()

实现批量执行CMD命令

import sys
import os
import paramikossh = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())print("------------------------------>\n")
print("使用说明,在当前目录创建ip.txt写入ip地址")
print("------------------------------>\n")user=input("输入用户名:")
passwd=input("输入密码:")
port=input("输入端口:")
cmd=input("输入执行的命令:")file = open("./ip.txt", "r")
line = file.readlines()for i in range(len(line)):print("对IP: %s 执行"%line[i].strip('\n'))ssh.connect(hostname=line[i].strip('\n'),port=port,username=user,password=passwd)stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(cmd)result = stdout.read()if not result:result=stderr.read()ssh.close()print(result.decode())

实现钉钉报警

import requests
import sys
import jsondingding_url = 'https://oapi.dingtalk.com/robot/send?access_token=6d11af3252812ea50410c2ccb861814a6ed11b2306606934a5d4ca9f2ec8c09'data = {"msgtype": "markdown","markdown": {"title": "监控","text": "apche异常"}}headers = {'Content-Type':'application/json;charset=UTF-8'}send_data = json.dumps(data).encode('utf-8')
requests.post(url=dingding_url,data=send_data,headers=headers)

#coding: utf-8
import psutil
import requests
import time
import os
import jsonmonitor_name = set(['httpd','cobblerd'])  # 用户指定监控的服务进程名称proc_dict = {}
proc_name = set()  # 系统检测的进程名称
monitor_map = {'httpd': 'systemctl restart httpd','cobblerd': 'systemctl restart cobblerd'  # 系统在进程down掉后，自动重启
}dingding_url = 'https://oapi.dingtalk.com/robot/send?access_token=b5258c4335ed8ab792075013c965efcbf4f8940f92e7bd936cdc7842d3bf9405'
# 钉钉机器人token使用参考文档：http://www.pc6.com/infoview/Article_108931.htmlwhile True:for proc in psutil.process_iter(attrs=['pid','name']):proc_dict[proc.info['pid']] = proc.info['name']proc_name.add(proc.info['name'])proc_stop = monitor_name - proc_name  # 通过集合的形式来找出停掉的进程名,前者有但是后者没有的if proc_stop: # 如果确实有监控的进程停掉了，那么我们需要告警以及自动重启功能for p in proc_stop:p_status = '停止'p_name = pdata = {"msgtype": "markdown","markdown": {"title": "监控信息","text": "### %s\n" % time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %X") +"> #### 服务名：%s \n\n" % p_name +"> #### 状态：%s \n\n" % p_status +"> #### 正在尝试启动"},}headers = {'Content-Type':'application/json;charset=UTF-8'}send_data = json.dumps(data).encode('utf-8')requests.post(url=dingding_url,data=send_data,headers=headers)os.system(monitor_map[p_name]) # 执行重启命令，然后判断是否重启成功proc_set = set()for proc_again in psutil.process_iter(attrs=['pid','name']):proc_set.add(proc_again.info['name'])if p in proc_set: # 如果进程启动成功，p是以前停掉的进程，proc_set是已经重启过一次后的所有进程集合p_status = '成功'p_name = pdata = {"msgtype": "markdown","markdown": {"title": "监控信息","text": "### %s\n" % time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %X") +"> #### 服务名：%s \n\n" % p_name +"> #### 状态：%s \n\n" % p_status +"> #### 已经启动成功，服务正在运行！"},}headers = {'Content-Type':'application/json;charset=UTF-8'}send_data = json.dumps(data).encode('utf-8')requests.post(url=dingding_url,data=send_data,headers=headers)else:p_status = '重启失败'p_name = pdata = {"msgtype": "markdown","markdown": {"title": "监控信息","text": "### %s\n" % time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %X") +"> #### 服务名：%s \n\n" % p_name +"> #### 状态：%s \n\n" % p_status +"> #### Sorry,服务启动失败鸟！"},}headers = {'Content-Type':'application/json;charset=UTF-8'}send_data = json.dumps(data).encode('utf-8')requests.post(url=dingding_url,data=send_data,headers=headers)time.sleep(5)

判断指定端口是否开放

import socketport_number = [135,443,80]for index in port_number:sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)result = sock.connect_ex(('127.0.0.1', index))if result == 0:print("Port %d is open" % index)else:print("Port %d is not open" % index)sock.close()

判断指定端口并且实现钉钉轮询报警

import requests
import sys
import json
import socket
import timedef dingding(title,text):dingding_url = 'https://oapi.dingtalk.com/robot/send?access_token=6d11af3252812ea50410c2ccb861814a69ed11b2306606934a5d4ca9f2c8c09'data = {"msgtype": "markdown","markdown": {"title": title,"text": text}}headers = {'Content-Type':'application/json;charset=UTF-8'}send_data = json.dumps(data).encode('utf-8')requests.post(url=dingding_url,data=send_data,headers=headers)def net_scan():port_number = [80,135,443]for index in port_number:sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)result = sock.connect_ex(('127.0.0.1', index))if result == 0:print("Port %d is open" % index)else:return indexsock.close()while True:dingding("Warning",net_scan())time.sleep(60)

实现SSH批量CMD执行命令

import sys
import os
import paramikossh = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())def ssh_cmd(user,passwd,port,userfile,cmd):file = open(userfile, "r")line = file.readlines()for i in range(len(line)):print("对IP: %s 执行"%line[i].strip('\n'))ssh.connect(hostname=line[i].strip('\n'),port=port,username=user,password=passwd)cmd=cmdstdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(cmd)result = stdout.read()if not result:result=stderr.read()ssh.close()print(result.decode())ssh_cmd("lyshark","123","22","./ip.txt","free -h |grep 'Mem:' |awk '{print $3}'")

列举当前目录以及所有子目录下的文件，并打印出绝对路径

import sys
import osfor root,dirs,files in os.walk("C://"):for name in files:print(os.path.join(root,name))
os.walk()

按照这样的日期格式(xxxx-xx-xx)每日生成一个文件，例如今天生成的文件为2013-09-23.log， 并且把磁盘的使用情况写到到这个文件中

import os
import sys
import timenew_time = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d")
disk_status = os.popen("df -h").readlines()str1 = ''.join(disk_status)
f = open(new_time+'.log','w')
f.write("%s"%str1)f.flush()
f.close()

统计出每个IP的访问量有多少

import syslist = []f = open("/var/log/httpd/access_log","r")
str1 = f.readlines()
f.close()for i in str1:ip=i.split()[0]list.append(ip)list_num=set(list)for j in list_num:num=list.count(j)print("%s -----> %s" %(num,j))

接受用户输入数字，并进行校验，非数字给出错误提示，然后重新等待用户输入，根据用户输入数字，输出从0到该数字之间所有的素数。(只能被1和自身整除的数为素数)

import tab
import syswhile True:try:num=int(input("输入数字：").strip())for x in range(2,num+1):for y in range(2,x):if x % y == 0:breakelse:print(x)except ValueError:print("您输入的不是数字")except KeyboardInterrupt:sys.exit("\n")

查看进程的内存占用大小，写一个脚本计算一下所有进程所占用内存大小的和

import sys
import oslist=[]
sum=0str1=os.popen("ps aux","r").readlines()for i in str1:str2=i.split()new_rss=str2[5]list.append(new_rss)
for i in list[1:-1]:num=int(i)sum=sum+numprint("%s ---> %s"%(list[0],sum))

命令行参数argv

import sysif len(sys.argv) < 2:print ("没有输入任何参数")sys.exit()if sys.argv[1].startswith("-"):option = sys.argv[1][1:]if option == "version":print ("版本信息")elif option == "help":print ("帮助菜单")elif option == "option":print("配置菜单")else:print ("异常")sys.exit()

利用random生成6位数字加字母随机验证码

import sys
import randomrand=[]for x in range(6):y=random.randrange(0,5)if y == 2 or y == 4:num=random.randrange(0,9)rand.append(str(num))else:temp=random.randrange(65,91)c=chr(temp)rand.append(c)
result="".join(rand)
print(result)

使用pexpect非交互登陆系统

import pexpect
import sysssh = pexpect.spawn('ssh lyshark@59.110.167.239')
fout = file('sshlog.txt', 'w')
ssh.logfile = foutssh.expect("lyshark@59.110.167.239's password:")ssh.sendline("密码")
ssh.expect('#')ssh.sendline('ls /home')
ssh.expect('#')

取系统时间

import sys
import timetime_str = time.strftime("日期：%Y-%m-%d",time.localtime())
print(time_str)time_str= time.strftime("时间：%H:%M",time.localtime())
print(time_str)

获取内存使用情况

import sys
import os
import psutil#获取系统内存使用情况memory_convent = 1024 * 1024
mem =psutil.virtual_memory()print("内存容量为:"+str(mem.total/(memory_convent))+"MB\n")
print("已使用内存:"+str(mem.used/(memory_convent))+"MB\n")
print("可用内存:"+str(mem.total/(memory_convent)-mem.used/(1024*1024))+"MB\n")
print("buffer容量:"+str(mem.buffers/( memory_convent ))+"MB\n")
print("cache容量:"+str(mem.cached/(memory_convent))+"MB\n")

通过SNMP协议监控CPU，被监控的机器上需要支持snmp协议 yum install -y net-snmp*

#!/usr/bin/python
import osdef getAllitems(host, oid):sn1 = os.popen('snmpwalk -v 2c -c public ' + host + ' ' + oid + '|grep Raw|grep Cpu|grep -v Kernel').read().split('\n')[:-1]return sn1def getDate(host):items = getAllitems(host, '.1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.11')date = []rate = []cpu_total = 0#us = us+ni, sy = sy + irq + sirqfor item in items:float_item = float(item.split(' ')[3])cpu_total += float_itemif item == items[0]:date.append(float(item.split(' ')[3]) + float(items[1].split(' ')[3]))elif item == item[2]:date.append(float(item.split(' ')[3] + items[5].split(' ')[3] + items[6].split(' ')[3]))else:date.append(float_item)#calculate cpu usage percentagefor item in date:rate.append((item/cpu_total)*100)mean = ['%us','%ni','%sy','%id','%wa','%cpu_irq','%cpu_sIRQ']#calculate cpu usage percentageresult = map(None,rate,mean)return resultif __name__ == '__main__':hosts = ['192.168.1.17','192.168.1.17']for host in hosts:print '==========' + host + '=========='result = getDate(host)print 'Cpu(s)',#print resultfor i in range(5):print ' %.2f%s' % (result[i][0],result[i][1]),printprint

通过SNMP协议监控系统负载，被监控的机器上需要支持snmp协议 yum install -y net-snmp*

#!/usr/bin/python
import os
import sysdef getAllitems(host, oid):sn1 = os.popen('snmpwalk -v 2c -c public ' + host + ' ' + oid).read().split('\n')return sn1def getload(host,loid):load_oids = '1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.10.1.3.' + str(loid)return getAllitems(host,load_oids)[0].split(':')[3]if __name__ == '__main__':hosts = ['192.168.1.17','192.168.1.17']print ('==============System Load==============')for host in hosts:load1 = getload(host, 1)load10 = getload(host, 2)load15 = getload(host, 3)print ('%s load(1min): %s ,load(10min): %s ,load(15min): %s' % (host,load1,load10,load15))

通过SNMP协议监控内存，被监控的机器上需要支持snmp协议 yum install -y net-snmp*

#!/usr/bin/python
import osdef getAllitems(host, oid):sn1 = os.popen('snmpwalk -v 2c -c public ' + host + ' ' + oid).read().split('\n')[:-1]return sn1def getSwapTotal(host):swap_total = getAllitems(host, 'UCD-SNMP-MIB::memTotalSwap.0')[0].split(' ')[3]return swap_totaldef getSwapUsed(host):swap_avail = getAllitems(host, 'UCD-SNMP-MIB::memAvailSwap.0')[0].split(' ')[3]swap_total = getSwapTotal(host)swap_used = str(round(((float(swap_total)-float(swap_avail))/float(swap_total))*100 ,2)) + '%'return swap_useddef getMemTotal(host):mem_total = getAllitems(host, 'UCD-SNMP-MIB::memTotalReal.0')[0].split(' ')[3]return mem_totaldef getMemUsed(host):mem_total = getMemTotal(host)mem_avail = getAllitems(host, 'UCD-SNMP-MIB::memAvailReal.0')[0].split(' ')[3]mem_used = str(round(((float(mem_total)-float(mem_avail))/float(mem_total))*100 ,2)) + '%'return mem_usedif __name__ == '__main__':hosts = ['192.168.1.17','192.168.1.17']print ("Monitoring Memory Usage")for host in hosts:mem_used = getMemUsed(host)swap_used = getSwapUsed(host)print ('==========' + host + '==========')print ('Mem_Used = %-15s  Swap_Used = %-15s' %(mem_used,swap_used))print()

通过SNMP协议监控磁盘，被监控的机器上需要支持snmp协议 yum install -y net-snmp*

#!/usr/bin/pythonimport re
import osdef getAllitems(host,oid):sn1 = os.popen('snmpwalk -v 2c -c public ' + host + ' ' + oid).read().split('\n')[:-1]return sn1def getDate(source,newitem):for item in source[5:]:newitem.append(item.split(':')[3].strip())return newitemdef getRealDate(item1,item2,listname):for i in range(len(item1)):listname.append(int(item1[i])*int(item2[i])/1024)return listnamedef caculateDiskUsedRate(host):hrStorageDescr = getAllitems(host, 'HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrStorageDescr')hrStorageUsed = getAllitems(host, 'HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrStorageUsed')hrStorageSize = getAllitems(host, 'HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrStorageSize')hrStorageAllocationUnits = getAllitems(host, 'HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrStorageAllocationUnits')disk_list = []hrsused = []hrsize = []hrsaunits = []#get disk_listfor item in hrStorageDescr:if re.search('/',item):disk_list.append(item.split(':')[3])#print disk_list                                      getDate(hrStorageUsed,hrsused)getDate(hrStorageSize,hrsize)#print getDate(hrStorageAllocationUnits,hrsaunits)#get hrstorageAllocationUnitsfor item in hrStorageAllocationUnits[5:]:hrsaunits.append(item.split(':')[3].strip().split(' ')[0])#caculate the result#disk_used = hrStorageUsed * hrStorageAllocationUnits /1024 (KB)disk_used = []total_size = []disk_used = getRealDate(hrsused,hrsaunits,disk_used)total_size = getRealDate(hrsize,hrsaunits,total_size)                                        diskused_rate = []for i in range(len(disk_used)):diskused_rate.append(str(round((float(disk_used[i])/float(total_size[i])*100), 2)) + '%')return diskused_rate,disk_listif __name__ == '__main__':hosts = ['192.168.1.17','192.168.1.17']for host in hosts:result = caculateDiskUsedRate(host)diskused_rate = result[0]partition = result[1]print ("==========",host,'==========')for i in range(len(diskused_rate)):print ('%-20s used: %s' %(partition[i],diskused_rate[i]))print()

通过SNMP协议监控网卡流量，被监控的机器上需要支持snmp协议 yum install -y net-snmp*

#!/usr/bin/pythonimport re
import os#get SNMP-MIB2 of the devices
def getAllitems(host,oid):sn1 = os.popen('snmpwalk -v 2c -c public ' + host + ' ' + oid).read().split('\n')[:-1]return sn1#get network device
def getDevices(host):device_mib = getAllitems(host,'RFC1213-MIB::ifDescr')device_list = []for item in device_mib:if re.search('eth',item):device_list.append(item.split(':')[3].strip())return device_list#get network datedef getDate(host,oid):date_mib = getAllitems(host,oid)[1:]date = []for item in date_mib:byte = float(item.split(':')[3].strip())date.append(str(round(byte/1024,2)) + ' KB')return dateif __name__ == '__main__':hosts = ['192.168.1.17','192.168.1.17']for host in hosts:device_list = getDevices(host)inside = getDate(host,'IF-MIB::ifInOctets')outside = getDate(host,'IF-MIB::ifOutOctets')print '==========' + host + '=========='for i in range(len(inside)):print '%s : RX: %-15s   TX: %s ' % (device_list[i], inside[i], outside[i])print

实现多级菜单

import os
import sysps="[None]->"
ip=["192.168.1.1","192.168.1.2","192.168.1.3"]
flage=1while True:ps="[None]->"temp=input(ps)if (temp=="test"):print("test page !!!!")elif(temp=="user"):while (flage == 1):ps="[User]->"temp1=input(ps)if(temp1 =="exit"):flage=0breakelif(temp1=="show"):for i in range(len(ip)):print(i)

检查各个进程读写的磁盘IO

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding=utf-8 -*-import sys
import os
import time
import signal
import reclass DiskIO:def __init__(self, pname=None, pid=None, reads=0, writes=0):self.pname = pnameself.pid = pidself.reads = 0self.writes = 0def main():argc = len(sys.argv)if argc != 1:print ("usage: please run this script like [./lyshark.py]")sys.exit(0)if os.getuid() != 0:print ("Error: This script must be run as root")sys.exit(0)signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, signal_handler)os.system('echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/block_dump')print ("TASK              PID       READ      WRITE")while True:os.system('dmesg -c > /tmp/diskio.log')l = []f = open('/tmp/diskio.log', 'r')line = f.readline()while line:m = re.match(\'^(\S+)(\d+)(\d+): (READ|WRITE) block (\d+) on (\S+)', line)if m != None:if not l:l.append(DiskIO(m.group(1), m.group(2)))line = f.readline()continuefound = Falsefor item in l:if item.pid == m.group(2):found = Trueif m.group(3) == "READ":item.reads = item.reads + 1elif m.group(3) == "WRITE":item.writes = item.writes + 1if not found:l.append(DiskIO(m.group(1), m.group(2)))line = f.readline()time.sleep(1)for item in l:print ("%-10s %10s %10d %10d" % \(item.pname, item.pid, item.reads, item.writes))
def signal_handler(signal, frame):os.system('echo 0 > /proc/sys/vm/block_dump')sys.exit(0)if __name__=="__main__":main()

利用Pexpect实现自动非交互登陆linux

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-import pexpect
import sysssh = pexpect.spawn('ssh root@59.110.167.239')
fout = file('sshlog.log', 'w')
ssh.logfile = foutssh.expect("root@59.110.167.239's password:")ssh.sendline("密码")ssh.expect('#')
ssh.sendline('ls /home')
ssh.expect('#')

利用psutil模块获取系统的各种统计信息

import sys
import psutil
import time
import os #获取当前时间
time_str =  time.strftime( "%Y-%m-%d", time.localtime( ) )
file_name = "./" + time_str + ".log"if os.path.exists ( file_name ) == False :os.mknod( file_name )handle = open ( file_name , "w" )
else :handle = open ( file_name , "a" )#获取命令行参数的个数
if len( sys.argv ) == 1 :print_type = 1
else :print_type = 2def isset ( list_arr , name ) :if name in list_arr :return Trueelse :return Falseprint_str = "";#获取系统内存使用情况
if ( print_type == 1 ) or isset( sys.argv,"mem" )  :memory_convent = 1024 * 1024mem = psutil.virtual_memory()print_str +=  " 内存状态如下:\n" print_str = print_str + "   系统的内存容量为: "+str( mem.total/( memory_convent ) ) + " MB\n" print_str = print_str + "   系统的内存以使用容量为: "+str( mem.used/( memory_convent ) ) + " MB\n" print_str = print_str + "   系统可用的内存容量为: "+str( mem.total/( memory_convent ) - mem.used/( 1024*1024 )) + "MB\n"print_str = print_str + "   内存的buffer容量为: "+str( mem.buffers/( memory_convent ) ) + " MB\n" print_str = print_str + "   内存的cache容量为:" +str( mem.cached/( memory_convent ) ) + " MB\n"#获取cpu的相关信息
if ( print_type == 1 ) or isset( sys.argv,"cpu" ) :print_str += " CPU状态如下:\n"cpu_status = psutil.cpu_times()print_str = print_str + "   user = " + str( cpu_status.user ) + "\n" print_str = print_str + "   nice = " + str( cpu_status.nice ) + "\n"print_str = print_str + "   system = " + str( cpu_status.system ) + "\n"print_str = print_str + "   idle = " + str ( cpu_status.idle ) + "\n"print_str = print_str + "   iowait = " + str ( cpu_status.iowait ) + "\n"print_str = print_str + "   irq = " + str( cpu_status.irq ) + "\n"print_str = print_str + "   softirq = " + str ( cpu_status.softirq ) + "\n" print_str = print_str + "   steal = " + str ( cpu_status.steal ) + "\n"print_str = print_str + "   guest = " + str ( cpu_status.guest ) + "\n"#查看硬盘基本信息
if ( print_type == 1 ) or isset ( sys.argv,"disk" ) :print_str +=  " 硬盘信息如下:\n" disk_status = psutil.disk_partitions()for item in disk_status :print_str = print_str + "   "+ str( item ) + "\n"#查看当前登录的用户信息
if ( print_type == 1 ) or isset ( sys.argv,"user" ) :print_str +=  " 登录用户信息如下:\n " user_status = psutil.users()for item in  user_status :print_str = print_str + "   "+ str( item ) + "\n"print_str += "---------------------------------------------------------------\n"
print ( print_str )
handle.write( print_str )
handle.close()

# 输出内存使用情况(以字节为单位)import psutilmem = psutil.virtual_memory()
print mem.total,mem.used,mem
print psutil.swap_memory()  # 输出获取SWAP分区信息# 输出CPU使用情况cpu = psutil.cpu_stats()
printcpu.interrupts,cpu.ctx_switchespsutil.cpu_times(percpu=True)      # 输出每个核心的详细CPU信息
psutil.cpu_times().user              # 获取CPU的单项数据 [用户态CPU的数据]
psutil.cpu_count()                   # 获取CPU逻辑核心数，默认logical=True
psutil.cpu_count(logical=False) # 获取CPU物理核心数# 输出磁盘信息psutil.disk_partitions()         # 列出全部的分区信息
psutil.disk_usage('/')               # 显示出指定的挂载点情况【字节为单位】
psutil.disk_io_counters()       # 磁盘总的IO个数
psutil.disk_io_counters(perdisk=True)  # 获取单个分区IO个数# 输出网卡信息
psutil.net_io_counter() 获取网络总的IO，默认参数pernic=False
psutil.net_io_counter(pernic=Ture)获取网络各个网卡的IO# 获取进程信息
psutil.pids()     # 列出所有进程的pid号
p = psutil.Process(2047)
p.name()   列出进程名称
p.exe()    列出进程bin路径
p.cwd()    列出进程工作目录的绝对路径
p.status()进程当前状态[sleep等状态]
p.create_time()   进程创建的时间 [时间戳格式]
p.uids()
p.gids()
p.cputimes()  【进程的CPU时间，包括用户态、内核态】
p.cpu_affinity()  # 显示CPU亲缘关系
p.memory_percent()   进程内存利用率
p.meminfo()   进程的RSS、VMS信息
p.io_counters()   进程IO信息，包括读写IO数及字节数
p.connections()   返回打开进程socket的namedutples列表
p.num_threads()   进程打开的线程数#下面的例子中，Popen类的作用是获取用户启动的应用程序进程信息，以便跟踪程序进程的执行情况import psutil
from subprocess import PIPE
p =psutil.Popen(["/usr/bin/python" ,"-c","print 'helloworld'"],stdout=PIPE)
p.name()
p.username()
p.communicate()
p.cpu_times()# 其它
psutil.users()    # 显示当前登录的用户，和Linux的who命令差不多# 获取开机时间
psutil.boot_time() 结果是个UNIX时间戳，下面我们来转换它为标准时间格式，如下：
datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(psutil.boot_time())  # 得出的结果不是str格式，继续进行转换 datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(psutil.boot_time()).strftime('%Y-%m-%d%H:%M:%S')

生成一个随机密码

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import random, string
def GenPassword(length):#随机出数字的个数numOfNum = random.randint(1,length-1)numOfLetter = length - numOfNum#选中numOfNum个数字slcNum = [random.choice(string.digits) for i in range(numOfNum)]#选中numOfLetter个字母slcLetter = [random.choice(string.ascii_letters) for i in range(numOfLetter)]#打乱这个组合slcChar = slcNum + slcLetterrandom.shuffle(slcChar)#生成密码genPwd = ''.join([i for i in slcChar])return genPwd
if __name__ == '__main__':print (GenPassword(6))

监控系统CPU

import psutil>>> psutil.cpu_times()
scputimes(user=8277.5625, system=2510.953125, idle=31077.65625, interrupt=147.375, dpc=133.0625)
>>> psutil.cpu_times().user
8277.5625
>>> psutil.cpu_count(logical=False)
8
>>> psutil.cpu_percent(interval=1, percpu=True)
[18.5, 14.1, 14.1, 4.7]

监控系统内存

>>> import psutil
>>>
>>> psutil.virtual_memory()
svmem(total=8457035776, available=5508038656, percent=34.9, used=2948997120, free=5508038656)
>>> psutil.total
8457035776
>>> psutil.free
5508038656
>>> psutil.swap_memory()
sswap(total=9799213056, used=3736629248, free=6062583808, percent=38.1, sin=0, sout=0)

监控系统磁盘

>>> import psutil
>>>
>>> psutil.disk_usage("C:\\")                #获取指定分区(参数)的使用情况
sdiskusage(total=115865546752, used=31459299328, free=84406247424, percent=27.2)
>>> psutil.disk_io_counters()                #获取硬盘总的IO个数,与读写信息
sdiskio(read_count=1577844, write_count=1529528, read_bytes=71110199808, write_bytes=103924939776, read_time=6624, write_time=8764)

监控网络数据包

>>> import psutil
>>>
>>> psutil.net_io_counters()
snetio(bytes_sent=1841534, bytes_recv=11572249, packets_sent=14450, packets_recv=16930, errin=0, errout=0, dropin=0, dropout=0)
>>> psutil.net_io_counters().bytes_sent
1841539

管理系统进程信息

>>> import psutil
>>>
>>> psutil.pids()                      #列出所有进程号
[0, 4, 360, 544, 636, 708, 716, 808, 880, 304, 384, 1028, 1120]
>>>
>>> p=psutil.Process(1956)             #实例化进程PID
>>> p.name()                           #取进程名字
>>> p.num_threads()                    #取进程线程数
>>> p.memory_percent()                 #取进程利用率
>>> p.status()                         #进程状态
>>> p.exe()                            #取bin路径
>>> p.cwd()                            #进程工作目录绝对路径
>>> p.io_counters()                    #进程IO信息,包括读写IO数及字节数

文本分词

#从左到右将字符串解析为标记流(stream of tokens)
In [17]: text = 'foo = 23 + 42 * 10'In [18]: tokens= [('NAME','foo'),('EQ','='),('NUM','23'),('PLUS','+'),('NUM','42'),('TIMES','*'),('NUM','...: 10')]In [19]: import re
#使用正则表达式
InIn [20]: NAME = r'(?P<NAME>[a-zA_][a-zA-Z_0-9]*)'In [21]: NUM = r'(?P<NUM>\d+)'In [22]: PLUS = r'(?P<PLUS>\+)'In [23]: TIMES = r'(?P<TIMES>\*)'In [24]: EQ = r'(?P<EQ>=)'In [25]: WS = r'(?P<WS>\s+)'In [26]: master_pat = re.compile('|'.join([NAME,NUM,PLUS,TIMES,EQ,WS]))
#使用模式对象的scanner()方法来完成分词操作
In [27]: scanner = master_pat.scanner('foo = 42')
#在给定的文本中重复调用match()方法，一次匹配一个模式，下面是匹配过程
In [28]: scanner.match()
Out[28]: <re.Match object; span=(0, 3), match='foo'>In [29]: _.lastgroup,_.group()
Out[29]: ('NAME', 'foo')In [30]: scanner.match()
Out[30]: <re.Match object; span=(3, 4), match=' '>In [31]: _.lastgroup,_.group()
Out[31]: ('WS', ' ')In [32]: scanner.match()
Out[32]: <re.Match object; span=(4, 5), match='='>In [33]: _.lastgroup,_.group()
Out[33]: ('EQ', '=')In [34]: scanner.match()
Out[34]: <re.Match object; span=(5, 6), match=' '>In [35]: _.lastgroup,_.group()
Out[35]: ('WS', ' ')In [36]: scanner.match()
Out[36]: <re.Match object; span=(6, 8), match='42'>In [37]: _.lastgroup,_.group()
Out[37]: ('NUM', '42')
#通过生成器函数来转化为代码的形式
In [40]: from collections import namedtupleIn [41]: token = namedtuple('token',['type','value'])In [42]: def generate_tokens(pat,text):...:     scanner = pat.scanner(text)...:     for m in iter(scanner.match,None):...:         yield token(m.lastgroup,m.group())...:         In [43]: for tok in generate_tokens(master_pat,'foo = 42'):...:     print(tok)...:
token(type='NAME', value='foo')
token(type='WS', value=' ')
token(type='EQ', value='=')
token(type='WS', value=' ')
token(type='NUM', value='42')
#过滤空格标记
In [45]: tokens = (tok for tok in generate_tokens(master_pat,text) if tok.type != 'WS')In [46]: for tok in tokens:print(tok)
token(type='NAME', value='foo')
token(type='EQ', value='=')
token(type='NUM', value='23')
token(type='PLUS', value='+')
token(type='NUM', value='42')
token(type='TIMES', value='*')
token(type='NUM', value='10')

编写一个简单的递归下降解析器

import re
import collections#定义文本分词变量
NUM = r'(?P<NUM>\d+)'
PLUS = r'(?P<PLUS>\+)'
MINUS = r'(?P<MINUS>-)'
TIMES = r'(?P<TIMES>\*)'
DIVIDE = r'(?P<DIVIDE>/)'
LPAREN = r'(?P<LPAREN>\()'
RPAREN = r'(?P<RPAREN>\))'
WS = r'(?P<WS>\s+)'master_pat = re.compile('|'.join([NUM,PLUS,MINUS,TIMES,DIVIDE,LPAREN,RPAREN,WS]))
Token = collections.namedtuple('Token',['type','value'])#过滤文本分词
def generate_tokens(text):scanner = master_pat.scanner(text)for m in iter(scanner.match,None):tok = Token(m.lastgroup,m.group())if tok.type != 'WS':yield tokclass ExpressionEvaluator:def parse(self,text):self.tokens = generate_tokens(text)self.nexttok = Noneself.tok = Noneself._advance()return self.expr()def _advance(self):self.tok,self.nexttok = self.nexttok,next(self.tokens,None)def _accept(self,toktype):if self.nexttok and self.nexttok.type == toktype:self._advance()return Trueelse:return Falsedef _expect(self,toktype):if not self._accept(toktype):raise SyntaxError('Expected' + toktype)def expr(self):exprval = self.term()while self._accept('PLUS') or self._accept('MINUS'):op = self.tok.typeright = self.term()if op == 'PLUS':exprval += rightelif op == 'MINUS':exprval -= rightreturn exprvaldef term(self):termval = self.factor()while self._accept('TIMES') or self._accept('DIVIDE'):op = self.tok.typeright = self.factor()if op == 'TIMES':termval *= rightelif op == 'DIVIDE':termval /= rightreturn termvaldef factor(self):if self._accept('NUM'):return int(self.tok.value)elif self._accept('LPAREN'):exprval = self.expr()self._expect('RPAREN')return exprvalelse:raise SyntaxError('Expected NUMBER or LPAREN')if __name__ == '__main__':e = ExpressionEvaluator()print(e.parse('2'))print(e.parse('2 + 3'))print(e.parse('2 + 3 * 4'))print(e.parse('2 + (3 + 4) * 5'))