如何安装JavaFX

JavaFX的官方网站在这里，从JDK 11开始，javaFX未包含在JDK中。

安装过程如下：

安装JDK，本例为JDK 11，下载地址。
下载JavaFX 11，下载地址。
安装JavaFX 11
首先找到当前SDK的路径 ->/usr/java/jdk-11.0.4：

# which javac
/bin/javac
# ls -l javac
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 23 Aug 19 11:09 javac -> /etc/alternatives/javac
# cd /etc/alternatives/
# ls -l javac
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 30 Aug 19 11:09 javac -> /usr/java/jdk-11.0.4/bin/javac
# cd /usr/java
# ls
default  jdk-11.0.4  latest
# cd jdk-11.0.4/
# ls
bin  conf  include  jmods  legal  lib  README.html  release
# pwd
/usr/java/jdk-11.0.4

解压JavaFX到当前JDK目录：

# unzip /mnt/openjfx-11.0.2_linux-x64_bin-sdk.zip -d /usr/java/jdk-11.0.4/
Archive:  /mnt/openjfx-11.0.2_linux-x64_bin-sdk.zipcreating: /usr/java/jdk-11.0.4/javafx-sdk-11.0.2/creating: /usr/java/jdk-11.0.4/javafx-sdk-11.0.2/lib/inflating: /usr/java/jdk-11.0.4/javafx-sdk-11.0.2/lib/libjavafx_font_freetype.so  inflating: /usr/java/jdk-11.0.4/javafx-sdk-11.0.2/lib/libglassgtk3.so  inflating: /usr/java/jdk-11.0.4/javafx-sdk-11.0.2/lib/javafx-swt.jar  inflating: /usr/java/jdk-11.0.4/javafx-sdk-11.0.2/lib/libjavafx_iio.so  inflating: /usr/java/jdk-11.0.4/javafx-sdk-11.0.2/lib/libprism_sw.so  inflating: /usr/java/jdk-11.0.4/javafx-sdk-11.0.2/lib/libglassgtk2.so  inflating: /usr/java/jdk-11.0.4/javafx-sdk-11.0.2/lib/libprism_common.so  inflating: /usr/java/jdk-11.0.4/javafx-sdk-11.0.2/lib/libglass.so  inflating: /usr/java/jdk-11.0.4/javafx-sdk-11.0.2/lib/javafx.properties  inflating: /usr/java/jdk-11.0.4/javafx-sdk-11.0.2/lib/libprism_es2.so  inflating: /usr/java/jdk-11.0.4/javafx-sdk-11.0.2/lib/libfxplugins.so  inflating: /usr/java/jdk-11.0.4/javafx-sdk-11.0.2/lib/libjfxwebkit.so  inflating: /usr/java/jdk-11.0.4/javafx-sdk-11.0.2/lib/javafx.base.jar  extracting: /usr/java/jdk-11.0.4/javafx-sdk-11.0.2/lib/src.zip  inflating: /usr/java/jdk-11.0.4/javafx-sdk-11.0.2/lib/libdecora_sse.so  inflating: /usr/java/jdk-11.0.4/javafx-sdk-11.0.2/lib/javafx.controls.jar  inflating: /usr/java/jdk-11.0.4/javafx-sdk-11.0.2/lib/libavplugin-54.so  inflating: /usr/java/jdk-11.0.4/javafx-sdk-11.0.2/lib/libjavafx_font_pango.so  inflating: /usr/java/jdk-11.0.4/javafx-sdk-11.0.2/lib/libgstreamer-lite.so  inflating: /usr/java/jdk-11.0.4/javafx-sdk-11.0.2/lib/libavplugin-56.so  inflating: /usr/java/jdk-11.0.4/javafx-sdk-11.0.2/lib/libavplugin-ffmpeg-56.so  inflating: /usr/java/jdk-11.0.4/javafx-sdk-11.0.2/lib/libavplugin-57.so  inflating: /usr/java/jdk-11.0.4/javafx-sdk-11.0.2/lib/libjavafx_font.so  inflating: /usr/java/jdk-11.0.4/javafx-sdk-11.0.2/lib/javafx.fxml.jar  inflating: /usr/java/jdk-11.0.4/javafx-sdk-11.0.2/lib/javafx.swing.jar  inflating: /usr/java/jdk-11.0.4/javafx-sdk-11.0.2/lib/javafx.graphics.jar  inflating: /usr/java/jdk-11.0.4/javafx-sdk-11.0.2/lib/libavplugin-ffmpeg-57.so  inflating: /usr/java/jdk-11.0.4/javafx-sdk-11.0.2/lib/javafx.web.jar  inflating: /usr/java/jdk-11.0.4/javafx-sdk-11.0.2/lib/javafx.media.jar  inflating: /usr/java/jdk-11.0.4/javafx-sdk-11.0.2/lib/libjfxmedia.so  creating: /usr/java/jdk-11.0.4/javafx-sdk-11.0.2/legal/creating: /usr/java/jdk-11.0.4/javafx-sdk-11.0.2/legal/javafx.base/inflating: /usr/java/jdk-11.0.4/javafx-sdk-11.0.2/legal/javafx.base/ASSEMBLY_EXCEPTION  inflating: /usr/java/jdk-11.0.4/javafx-sdk-11.0.2/legal/javafx.base/LICENSE  inflating: /usr/java/jdk-11.0.4/javafx-sdk-11.0.2/legal/javafx.base/ADDITIONAL_LICENSE_INFO  creating: /usr/java/jdk-11.0.4/javafx-sdk-11.0.2/legal/javafx.graphics/inflating: /usr/java/jdk-11.0.4/javafx-sdk-11.0.2/legal/javafx.graphics/ASSEMBLY_EXCEPTION  inflating: /usr/java/jdk-11.0.4/javafx-sdk-11.0.2/legal/javafx.graphics/jpeg_fx.md  inflating: /usr/java/jdk-11.0.4/javafx-sdk-11.0.2/legal/javafx.graphics/LICENSE  inflating: /usr/java/jdk-11.0.4/javafx-sdk-11.0.2/legal/javafx.graphics/ADDITIONAL_LICENSE_INFO  creating: /usr/java/jdk-11.0.4/javafx-sdk-11.0.2/legal/javafx.controls/inflating: /usr/java/jdk-11.0.4/javafx-sdk-11.0.2/legal/javafx.controls/ASSEMBLY_EXCEPTION  inflating: /usr/java/jdk-11.0.4/javafx-sdk-11.0.2/legal/javafx.controls/LICENSE  inflating: /usr/java/jdk-11.0.4/javafx-sdk-11.0.2/legal/javafx.controls/ADDITIONAL_LICENSE_INFO  creating: /usr/java/jdk-11.0.4/javafx-sdk-11.0.2/legal/javafx.fxml/inflating: /usr/java/jdk-11.0.4/javafx-sdk-11.0.2/legal/javafx.fxml/ASSEMBLY_EXCEPTION  inflating: /usr/java/jdk-11.0.4/javafx-sdk-11.0.2/legal/javafx.fxml/LICENSE  inflating: /usr/java/jdk-11.0.4/javafx-sdk-11.0.2/legal/javafx.fxml/ADDITIONAL_LICENSE_INFO  creating: /usr/java/jdk-11.0.4/javafx-sdk-11.0.2/legal/javafx.web/inflating: /usr/java/jdk-11.0.4/javafx-sdk-11.0.2/legal/javafx.web/ASSEMBLY_EXCEPTION  inflating: /usr/java/jdk-11.0.4/javafx-sdk-11.0.2/legal/javafx.web/libxml2.md  inflating: /usr/java/jdk-11.0.4/javafx-sdk-11.0.2/legal/javafx.web/LICENSE  inflating: /usr/java/jdk-11.0.4/javafx-sdk-11.0.2/legal/javafx.web/icu_web.md  inflating: /usr/java/jdk-11.0.4/javafx-sdk-11.0.2/legal/javafx.web/webkit.md  inflating: /usr/java/jdk-11.0.4/javafx-sdk-11.0.2/legal/javafx.web/ADDITIONAL_LICENSE_INFO  inflating: /usr/java/jdk-11.0.4/javafx-sdk-11.0.2/legal/javafx.web/libxslt.md  creating: /usr/java/jdk-11.0.4/javafx-sdk-11.0.2/legal/javafx.swing/inflating: /usr/java/jdk-11.0.4/javafx-sdk-11.0.2/legal/javafx.swing/ASSEMBLY_EXCEPTION  inflating: /usr/java/jdk-11.0.4/javafx-sdk-11.0.2/legal/javafx.swing/LICENSE  inflating: /usr/java/jdk-11.0.4/javafx-sdk-11.0.2/legal/javafx.swing/ADDITIONAL_LICENSE_INFO  creating: /usr/java/jdk-11.0.4/javafx-sdk-11.0.2/legal/javafx.media/inflating: /usr/java/jdk-11.0.4/javafx-sdk-11.0.2/legal/javafx.media/glib.md  inflating: /usr/java/jdk-11.0.4/javafx-sdk-11.0.2/legal/javafx.media/ASSEMBLY_EXCEPTION  inflating: /usr/java/jdk-11.0.4/javafx-sdk-11.0.2/legal/javafx.media/LICENSE  inflating: /usr/java/jdk-11.0.4/javafx-sdk-11.0.2/legal/javafx.media/libffi.md  inflating: /usr/java/jdk-11.0.4/javafx-sdk-11.0.2/legal/javafx.media/gstreamer.md  inflating: /usr/java/jdk-11.0.4/javafx-sdk-11.0.2/legal/javafx.media/applecoreaudio.md  inflating: /usr/java/jdk-11.0.4/javafx-sdk-11.0.2/legal/javafx.media/ADDITIONAL_LICENSE_INFO

测试

export PATH_TO_FX=/usr/java/jdk-11.0.4/javafx-sdk-11.0.2/lib
javac --module-path $PATH_TO_FX --add-modules javafx.controls JavaFXSkel.java
java --module-path $PATH_TO_FX --add-modules javafx.controls JavaFXSkel

参考

https://openjfx.io/openjfx-docs/#introduction
https://gluonhq.com/products/javafx/
http://comfilewiki.co.kr/en/doku.php?id=comfilepi:install_the_oracle_jdk_and_openjfx:index

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