dhcp 服务器配置

主要目的：利用服务器自动分配所有网络参数给其所管辖的主机上，在常见的路由器上很常见。

广播
Client--> DHCPDISCOVER                       #初步连接，请求地址DHCPOFFER <-- Server
Client--> DCHPREQUEST DCHPACK <-- Server单播
Client--> DHCPREQUEST                        #再次连接，续租地址DHCPACK <-- ServerUDP:67/udp68/udp

 yum install dhcp

[root@paly ~]#vim /etc/sysconfig/dhcpd          #配置侦听网卡，不过一般会自动查看配置网段，可不用设置1 # Command line options here2 DHCPDARGS="eth1"

[root@paly ~]#/etc/init.d/dhcpd start
Starting dhcpd:                                            [FAILED]
[root@paly ~]#tail -40 /var/log/messages
...
Apr  9 00:22:22 paly dhcpd: Not configured to listen on any interfaces!
Apr  9 00:22:22 paly dhcpd:
....
Apr  9 00:22:22 paly dhcpd: exiting.

无配置文件，进行dhcp服务器配置

[root@paly ~]#cat /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
ddns-update-style          none ;          #动态dns更新方式
ignore client-updates;
default-lease-time         259200;         #租约 3 天
max-lease-time             518400;         #最后期限 6 天
option routers             192.168.1.254;  #默认路由
option domain-name         "centos.tom";
option domain-name-servers 202.97.224.69, 8.8.8.8;subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {                    #设置地址池range 192.168.1.101 192.168.1.200;
}
host tom1 {hardware ethernet      00:0C:29:5F:7B:F0;fixed-address         192.168.1.123;
}

若启动dhcpr失败，配置文件有问题，需根据日志相关报错进行修改。

[root@paly ~]#service dhcpd restart
Shutting down dhcpd:                                       [  OK  ]
Starting dhcpd:                                            [  OK  ]
[root@paly ~]#tail -40 /var/log/messages
Apr 10 00:59:55 paly dhcpd: Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Server 4.1.1-P1
Apr 10 00:59:55 paly dhcpd: Copyright 2004-2010 Internet Systems Consortium.
Apr 10 00:59:55 paly dhcpd: All rights reserved.
Apr 10 00:59:55 paly dhcpd: For info, please visit https://www.isc.org/software/dhcp/
Apr 10 00:59:55 paly dhcpd: Not searching LDAP since ldap-server, ldap-port and ldap-base-dn were not specified in the config file
Apr 10 00:59:55 paly dhcpd: Wrote 0 leases to leases file.
Apr 10 00:59:55 paly dhcpd:
Apr 10 00:59:55 paly dhcpd: No subnet declaration for eth0 (192.168.31.224).
Apr 10 00:59:55 paly dhcpd: ** Ignoring requests on eth0.  If this is not what
Apr 10 00:59:55 paly dhcpd:    you want, please write a subnet declaration
Apr 10 00:59:55 paly dhcpd:    in your dhcpd.conf file for the network segment
Apr 10 00:59:55 paly dhcpd:    to which interface eth0 is attached. **
Apr 10 00:59:55 paly dhcpd:
Apr 10 00:59:55 paly dhcpd: Listening on LPF/eth1/00:0c:29:fe:ff:6d/192.168.1.0/24
Apr 10 00:59:55 paly dhcpd: Sending on   LPF/eth1/00:0c:29:fe:ff:6d/192.168.1.0/24
Apr 10 00:59:55 paly dhcpd: Sending on   Socket/fallback/fallback-net

dhcp客户端

网卡配置成dhcp模式

可以看到tom1主机ip被固定为192.168.1.123，且默认网关设置为192.168.1.254。

dns被配置文件自动设置，这里如果网络配置文件设置行PEERDNS=no，则不会启用dhcp服务器给配置的dns，此时可以自己单独固定DNS。

服务器连接日志

[root@paly ~]#tail -40 /var/log/messages
Apr 10 13:08:03 paly dhcpd: Listening on LPF/eth1/00:0c:29:fe:ff:6d/192.168.1.0/24
Apr 10 13:08:03 paly dhcpd: Sending on   LPF/eth1/00:0c:29:fe:ff:6d/192.168.1.0/24
Apr 10 13:08:03 paly dhcpd: Sending on   Socket/fallback/fallback-net
Apr 10 13:08:28 paly dhcpd: DHCPREQUEST for 192.168.1.106 from 00:0c:29:5f:7b:f0 via eth1: lease 192.168.1.106 unavailable.
Apr 10 13:08:28 paly dhcpd: DHCPNAK on 192.168.1.106 to 00:0c:29:5f:7b:f0 via eth1
Apr 10 13:08:28 paly dhcpd: DHCPDISCOVER from 00:0c:29:5f:7b:f0 via eth1
Apr 10 13:08:28 paly dhcpd: DHCPOFFER on 192.168.1.123 to 00:0c:29:5f:7b:f0 via eth1
Apr 10 13:08:28 paly dhcpd: Dynamic and static leases present for 192.168.1.123.
Apr 10 13:08:28 paly dhcpd: Remove host declaration tom1 or remove 192.168.1.123
Apr 10 13:08:28 paly dhcpd: from the dynamic address pool for 192.168.1.0/24
Apr 10 13:08:28 paly dhcpd: DHCPREQUEST for 192.168.1.123 (192.168.1.254) from 00:0c:29:5f:7b:f0 via eth1
Apr 10 13:08:28 paly dhcpd: DHCPACK on 192.168.1.123 to 00:0c:29:5f:7b:f0 via eth1

客户端 DHCP 连接不会自动设置默认网关

主机tom2 dhcp客户端无默认网关

对比分析tom1主机，发现

怀疑可能tom2主机未安装dhcp导致的。

yum 安装 dhcp后仍未自动配置默认网关，最后发现是/etc/sysconfig/network文件中设置了网关gateway注释后，重启网卡解决。

连接日志

Apr 10 13:34:32 paly dhcpd: DHCPREQUEST for 192.168.31.197 from 02:96:ea:f7:99:da via eth1: ignored (not authoritative).
Apr 10 13:34:55 paly dhcpd: DHCPREQUEST for 192.168.1.105 from 00:0c:29:88:9f:67 (ton) via eth1
Apr 10 13:34:55 paly dhcpd: DHCPACK on 192.168.1.105 to 00:0c:29:88:9f:67 (ton) via eth1

详细

[root@paly ~]#rpm -ql dhcp
/etc/dhcp
/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
/etc/dhcp/dhcpd6.conf
/etc/openldap/schema/dhcp.schema
/etc/portreserve/dhcpd
/etc/rc.d/init.d/dhcpd
/etc/rc.d/init.d/dhcpd6
/etc/rc.d/init.d/dhcrelay               #dhcp中继服务器
/etc/rc.d/init.d/dhcrelay6
/etc/sysconfig/dhcpd
/etc/sysconfig/dhcpd6
/etc/sysconfig/dhcrelay
/etc/sysconfig/dhcrelay6
/usr/bin/omshell
/usr/sbin/dhcpd
/usr/sbin/dhcrelay
/usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.1.1
/usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.1.1/3.0b1-lease-convert
/usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.1.1/IANA-arp-parameters
/usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.1.1/README.ldap
/usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.1.1/api+protocol
/usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.1.1/dhclient-tz-exithook.sh
/usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.1.1/dhcpd-conf-to-ldap
/usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.1.1/dhcpd.conf.sample
/usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.1.1/dhcpd6.conf.sample
/usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.1.1/draft-ietf-dhc-ldap-schema-01.txt
/usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.1.1/ms2isc
/usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.1.1/ms2isc/Registry.perlmodule
/usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.1.1/ms2isc/ms2isc.pl
/usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.1.1/ms2isc/readme.txt
/usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.1.1/sethostname.sh
/usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.1.1/solaris.init
/usr/share/man/man1/omshell.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man5/dhcpd.conf.5.gz
/usr/share/man/man5/dhcpd.leases.5.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/dhcpd.8.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/dhcrelay.8.gz
/var/lib/dhcpd
/var/lib/dhcpd/dhcpd.leases
/var/lib/dhcpd/dhcpd6.leases
[root@paly ~]#cat /var/lib/dhcpd/dhcpd.leases
# The format of this file is documented in the dhcpd.leases(5) manual page.
# This lease file was written by isc-dhcp-4.1.1-P1lease 192.168.1.106 {starts 6 2022/04/09 18:41:19;ends 2 2022/04/12 18:41:19;tstp 2 2022/04/12 18:41:19;cltt 6 2022/04/09 18:41:19;binding state active;next binding state free;hardware ethernet 00:0c:29:5f:7b:f0;client-hostname "ton.tom";
}
lease 192.168.1.105 {starts 6 2022/04/09 19:32:44;ends 2 2022/04/12 19:32:44;tstp 2 2022/04/12 19:32:44;cltt 6 2022/04/09 19:32:44;binding state active;next binding state free;hardware ethernet 00:0c:29:88:9f:67;client-hostname "ton";
}
server-duid "\000\001\000\001)\344x\013\000\014)\376\377m";lease 192.168.1.105 {starts 0 2022/04/10 05:34:55;ends 3 2022/04/13 05:34:55;cltt 0 2022/04/10 05:34:55;binding state active;next binding state free;hardware ethernet 00:0c:29:88:9f:67;client-hostname "ton";
}

https://serverfault.com/questions/638542/centos-7-is-not-setting-my-gateway-from-dhcp

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dhcp 服务器配置

dhcp客户端

客户端 DHCP 连接不会自动设置默认网关

详细

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