Directx11基础教程二之Directx11初始化

一,看本节教程前应该掌握：

(1)掌握 D3D11基础教程一之D3D11框架

二,程序的结构如下：

具体在VS2015的代码:

三,程序的具体代码如下：

好的,下面D3D11的初始化我分为十二个步骤,在源代码我我做出了标记,其实这跟D3D11龙书给出D3D11初始化的步骤差不多,就是多出了获取显卡信息的第一步.

好的,先贴出我的D3DClass.H代码

D3DClass.h

#ifndef D3D_CLASS_H
#define D3D_CLASS_H
#define HR(X) {if(FAILED(X)) { MessageBox(0,L"Create Failed",0,0); return false;}}
#define ReleaseCOM(x) { if (x) { x->Release(); x = 0; } }#include<Windows.h>
#include<d3d11.h>
#include<D3Dcommon.h>  //???
#include<D3DX11.h>
#include<xnamath.h>
#include<iostream>
#include<istream>
#include<ostream>
#include<strstream>
#include<fstream>
using namespace std;class D3DClass
{
private:bool mVsyncEnable;  //是否限帧渲染int mVideoCardMemory; //显卡内存char mVideoCardDescription[128]; //显卡名字private:ID3D11Device* md3dDevice;//D3D11设备ID3D11DeviceContext* md3dImmediateContext;//D3D11设备上下文IDXGISwapChain* md3dSwapChain;//D3D交换链ID3D11RenderTargetView* md3dRenderTargetView; //D3D11渲染目标视图ID3D11DepthStencilView* md3dDepthStencilView; //D3D11深度(模板)视图ID3D11Texture2D* md3dDepthStencilBuffer; //D3D11的“DepthStencil缓存”ID3D11DepthStencilState* md3dDepthStencilState; //深度(模板)缓存状态ID3D11RasterizerState* md3dRasterizerState; //D3D的光栅化状态private:XMMATRIX mWorldMatrix;  //世界变换矩阵XMMATRIX mOrthoMatrix;; //正交矩阵??XMMATRIX mProjMatrix;  //投影矩阵public://构造,拷贝构造,析构函数D3DClass();D3DClass(const D3DClass&);~D3DClass();//D3DClass初始化函数bool Initialize(int ScreenWidth, int ScreenHeight, bool vsync, HWND hwnd, bool fullscreen, float ScreenDepth, float ScreenNear);//关闭D3DClass函数void Shutdown();//绘制场景函数void BeginScene(float red, float green, float blue, float alpha);void EndScene();//Get函数ID3D11Device* GetDevice() { return md3dDevice; }ID3D11DeviceContext* GetDeviceContext(){ return md3dImmediateContext; }XMMATRIX GetWorldMatrix() { return mWorldMatrix; }XMMATRIX GetOrthoMatrix() { return mOrthoMatrix; }XMMATRIX GetmProjMatrix() { return mProjMatrix; };void GetVideoCardInfo(char*, int&); //获取显卡信息
};
#endif // !D3D_CLASS_H

D3DClass.cpp

bool D3DClass::Initialize(int ScreenWidth, int ScreenHeight, bool vsync, HWND hwnd, bool fullscreen, float ScreenDepth, float ScreenNear)
{float fieldOfView, screenAspect;//--------------------------------------------------------------//第一,获取显示模式信息和显卡信息//---------------------------------------------------------------IDXGIAdapter* adpter;//适配器IDXGIFactory* factory;IDXGIOutput* adapterOutput;unsigned int numModes, numerator, denominator, stringLength;DXGI_MODE_DESC* displayModeList;DXGI_ADAPTER_DESC adapterDesc;int error;//存储vsyn设定mVsyncEnable = vsync;//创建一个Directx图形接口factoryHR(CreateDXGIFactory(__uuidof(IDXGIFactory), (void**)&factory));//使用factory来为显卡创建一个adapterHR(factory->EnumAdapters(0, &adpter));//列举主要的适配器输出HR(adpter->EnumOutputs(0, &adapterOutput));//获取适应适配器DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM显示格式的模式数目HR(adapterOutput->GetDisplayModeList(DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM, DXGI_ENUM_MODES_INTERLACED, &numModes, NULL));//创建一个显示模式列表存放可能的显示模式(显卡,监视器)displayModeList= new DXGI_MODE_DESC[numModes];if (!displayModeList)return false;//填充显示模式列表结构体HR(adapterOutput->GetDisplayModeList(DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM, DXGI_ENUM_MODES_INTERLACED, &numModes, displayModeList));//浏览所有的显示模式,找到适合屏幕宽度和高度的//当一个模式匹配,存储监视器刷新速度的分子分母??for (int i = 0; i<numModes; i++){if (displayModeList[i].Width == (unsigned int)ScreenWidth){if (displayModeList[i].Height == (unsigned int)ScreenHeight){numerator = displayModeList[i].RefreshRate.Numerator;denominator = displayModeList[i].RefreshRate.Denominator;}}}//获取适配器(显卡)形容HR(adpter->GetDesc(&adapterDesc));//获取显卡内存量mVideoCardMemory = (int)(adapterDesc.DedicatedVideoMemory / 1024 / 1024);//将显卡名字转存在字符数组error = wcstombs_s(&stringLength, mVideoCardDescription, 128, adapterDesc.Description, 128);if (error != 0){return false;}//释放显示模式列表delete[] displayModeList;displayModeList = NULL;ReleaseCOM(adpter);ReleaseCOM(factory);//-----------------------------------------------------//第二,填充交换链形容结构体//-----------------------------------------------------DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC sd;ZeroMemory(&sd, sizeof(sd));sd.BufferDesc.Width = ScreenWidth;sd.BufferDesc.Height = ScreenHeight;sd.BufferDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;if (mVsyncEnable) //限不限帧{sd.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Numerator =numerator;sd.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Denominator = denominator;}else{sd.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Numerator = 0;sd.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Denominator = 1;}//关闭多重采样sd.SampleDesc.Count = 1;sd.SampleDesc.Quality = 0;//是否进行全屏if (fullscreen){sd.Windowed = false;  }else{sd.Windowed = true;}sd.BufferUsage = DXGI_USAGE_RENDER_TARGET_OUTPUT;sd.BufferCount = 1;  //背后缓存数量sd.OutputWindow = hwnd; //交换链所属的窗口sd.SwapEffect = DXGI_SWAP_EFFECT_DISCARD;sd.Flags = 0;sd.BufferDesc.ScanlineOrdering = DXGI_MODE_SCANLINE_ORDER_UNSPECIFIED;sd.BufferDesc.Scaling = DXGI_MODE_SCALING_UNSPECIFIED;//---------------------------------------------------------------//第三,创建交换链和D3D设备和D3D设备上下文//---------------------------------------------------------------D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL featureLevel;featureLevel = D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_11_0;HR(D3D11CreateDeviceAndSwapChain(NULL, D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_HARDWARE, NULL, 0, &featureLevel, 1,D3D11_SDK_VERSION, &sd, &md3dSwapChain, &md3dDevice, NULL, &md3dImmediateContext));//--------------------------------------------------------------//第四,创建背后缓存视图//--------------------------------------------------------------ID3D11Texture2D*backBuffer;md3dSwapChain->GetBuffer(0, __uuidof(ID3D11Texture2D), reinterpret_cast<void**>(&backBuffer));md3dDevice->CreateRenderTargetView(backBuffer, 0, &md3dRenderTargetView);ReleaseCOM(backBuffer);//--------------------------------------------------------------//第五,填充2DTexture深度缓存(模板缓存)形容结构体，创建深度缓存(模板缓存)//--------------------------------------------------------------D3D11_TEXTURE2D_DESC depthStencilDesc;ZeroMemory(&depthStencilDesc, sizeof(depthStencilDesc));depthStencilDesc.Width=ScreenWidth;depthStencilDesc.Height = ScreenHeight;depthStencilDesc.MipLevels = 1;depthStencilDesc.ArraySize = 1;depthStencilDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_D24_UNORM_S8_UINT;depthStencilDesc.SampleDesc.Count = 1;depthStencilDesc.SampleDesc.Quality = 0;depthStencilDesc.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT;depthStencilDesc.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_DEPTH_STENCIL;depthStencilDesc.CPUAccessFlags = 0;depthStencilDesc.MiscFlags = 0;HR(md3dDevice->CreateTexture2D(&depthStencilDesc,//要创建的纹理的形容0,&md3dDepthStencilBuffer)); //指向深度缓存的指针//-------------------------------------------------------------//第六,创建并设定深度缓存(模板缓存)状态，指示如何使用Depth和stencil(Test)//-------------------------------------------------------------D3D11_DEPTH_STENCIL_DESC DSDESC;ZeroMemory(&DSDESC, sizeof(DSDESC));DSDESC.DepthEnable = true;DSDESC.DepthWriteMask = D3D11_DEPTH_WRITE_MASK_ALL;DSDESC.DepthFunc = D3D11_COMPARISON_LESS;DSDESC.StencilEnable = true;DSDESC.StencilReadMask = 0xff;DSDESC.StencilWriteMask = 0xff;//前面设定DSDESC.FrontFace.StencilFailOp = D3D11_STENCIL_OP_KEEP;DSDESC.FrontFace.StencilDepthFailOp = D3D11_STENCIL_OP_INCR;DSDESC.FrontFace.StencilPassOp = D3D11_STENCIL_OP_KEEP;DSDESC.FrontFace.StencilFunc = D3D11_COMPARISON_ALWAYS;//背面设定,在光栅化状态剔除背面时这个设定没用,但是依然要设定,不然无法创建深度(模板)状态DSDESC.BackFace.StencilFailOp = D3D11_STENCIL_OP_KEEP;DSDESC.BackFace.StencilDepthFailOp = D3D11_STENCIL_OP_DECR;DSDESC.BackFace.StencilPassOp = D3D11_STENCIL_OP_KEEP;DSDESC.BackFace.StencilFunc = D3D11_COMPARISON_ALWAYS;HR(md3dDevice->CreateDepthStencilState(&DSDESC, &md3dDepthStencilState));md3dImmediateContext->OMSetDepthStencilState(md3dDepthStencilState, 1);//--------------------------------------------------------------//第七,创建深度缓存(模板缓存)视图//--------------------------------------------------------------HR(md3dDevice->CreateDepthStencilView(md3dDepthStencilBuffer, //我们基于这个深度缓存/漏字板缓存创建一个视图0,&md3dDepthStencilView));//指向深度缓存/漏字板视图的指针//-------------------------------------------------------------//第八,把那些视图绑定到输出合并阶段//-------------------------------------------------------------md3dImmediateContext->OMSetRenderTargets(1, &md3dRenderTargetView, md3dDepthStencilView);//-------------------------------------------------------------//第九,创建并设定光栅化状态,用于控制如何渲染目标(以线框还是实体模式等等)//-------------------------------------------------------------D3D11_RASTERIZER_DESC rasterDesc;rasterDesc.AntialiasedLineEnable = false;rasterDesc.CullMode = D3D11_CULL_BACK; //背面剔除rasterDesc.DepthBias = 0;rasterDesc.DepthBiasClamp = 0.0f;rasterDesc.DepthClipEnable = true; //深度裁剪开启rasterDesc.FillMode = D3D11_FILL_SOLID; //实体渲染rasterDesc.FrontCounterClockwise = false; //顺时针rasterDesc.MultisampleEnable = false;rasterDesc.ScissorEnable = false;rasterDesc.SlopeScaledDepthBias = 0.0f;HR(md3dDevice->CreateRasterizerState(&rasterDesc, &md3dRasterizerState));md3dImmediateContext->RSSetState(md3dRasterizerState);//-------------------------------------------------------------//第十,创建并设定视口//-------------------------------------------------------------D3D11_VIEWPORT viewport;viewport.Width = static_cast<float>(ScreenWidth);viewport.Height = static_cast<float>(ScreenHeight);viewport.MinDepth = 0.0f;viewport.MaxDepth = 1.0f;viewport.TopLeftX = 0.0f;viewport.TopLeftY = 0.0f;md3dImmediateContext->RSSetViewports(1, &viewport);//-------------------------------------------------------------//第十一,创建投影矩阵，初始化世界矩阵和用户接口矩阵//-------------------------------------------------------------fieldOfView = (float)XM_PI / 4.0f;screenAspect = (float)ScreenWidth / (float)ScreenHeight;//投影矩阵mProjMatrix = XMMatrixPerspectiveFovLH(fieldOfView, screenAspect, ScreenNear, ScreenDepth);//世界矩阵mWorldMatrix = XMMatrixIdentity();//2D渲染矩阵,用于变换用户接口,正交投影矩阵mOrthoMatrix = XMMatrixOrthographicLH(static_cast<float>(ScreenWidth), static_cast<float>(ScreenHeight), ScreenNear, ScreenDepth);//第十二,输出一个Text文件保存显卡的信息 char CardInfo[128];int memory;GetVideoCardInfo(CardInfo, memory);ofstream os("I:/1.txt");os << "memory=" << memory << "  " << " CardInfo= " << CardInfo;return true;
}

四,本节教程程序得注意的地方如下：

(1)D3DClass的初始化第十二步显卡信息的文件"1.txt"输出在我的I盘上，这点大家请注意根据自己情况修改.

(2) 我用的是 xnamath.h 数学库,并非原作者的 d3dx10math.h库

五,程序的运行结果如下：

六,源代码链接如下：

点击打开链接

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