postgres日志配置方式

postgre安装完之后，默认情况下会包含pg_xlog（包含WAL文件的子目录）、pg_clog（事务提交日志，包含事务提交状态数据的子目录),并没有pg_log目录，需要手动创建该目录。

$PGDATA/postgresql.conf中关于log的配置参数如下

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# ERROR REPORTING AND LOGGING
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------# - Where to Log -#log_destination = 'stderr'             # Valid values are combinations of# stderr, csvlog, syslog, and eventlog,# depending on platform.  csvlog# requires logging_collector to be on.# This is used when logging to stderr:
#logging_collector = off                # Enable capturing of stderr and csvlog# into log files. Required to be on for# csvlogs.# (change requires restart)# These are only used if logging_collector is on:
#log_directory = 'pg_log'               # directory where log files are written,# can be absolute or relative to PGDATA
#log_filename = 'postgresql-%Y-%m-%d_%H%M%S.log'        # log file name pattern,# can include strftime() escapes
#log_file_mode = 0600                   # creation mode for log files,# begin with 0 to use octal notation
#log_truncate_on_rotation = off         # If on, an existing log file with the# same name as the new log file will be# truncated rather than appended to.# But such truncation only occurs on# time-driven rotation, not on restarts# or size-driven rotation.  Default is# off, meaning append to existing files# in all cases.
#log_rotation_age = 1d                  # Automatic rotation of logfiles will# happen after that time.  0 disables.
#log_rotation_size = 10MB               # Automatic rotation of logfiles will# happen after that much log output.# 0 disables.# These are relevant when logging to syslog:
#syslog_facility = 'LOCAL0'
#syslog_ident = 'postgres'
#syslog_sequence_numbers = on
#syslog_split_messages = on# This is only relevant when logging to eventlog (win32):
# (change requires restart)
#event_source = 'PostgreSQL'# - When to Log -#client_min_messages = notice           # values in order of decreasing detail:#   debug5#   debug4#   debug3#   debug2#   debug1#   log#   notice#   warning#   error#log_min_messages = warning             # values in order of decreasing detail:#   debug5#   debug4#   debug3#   debug2#   debug1#   info#   notice#   warning#   error#   log#   fatal#   panic#log_min_error_statement = error        # values in order of decreasing detail:#   debug5#   debug4#   debug3#   debug2#   debug1#   info#   notice#   warning#   error#   log#   fatal#   panic (effectively off)#log_min_duration_statement = -1        # -1 is disabled, 0 logs all statements# and their durations, > 0 logs only# statements running at least this number# of milliseconds# - What to Log -#debug_print_parse = off
#debug_print_rewritten = off
#debug_print_plan = off
#debug_pretty_print = on
#log_checkpoints = off
#log_connections = off
#log_disconnections = off
#log_duration = off
#log_error_verbosity = default          # terse, default, or verbose messages
#log_hostname = off
#log_line_prefix = ''                   # special values:#   %a = application name#   %u = user name#   %d = database name#   %r = remote host and port#   %h = remote host#   %p = process ID#   %t = timestamp without milliseconds#   %m = timestamp with milliseconds#   %n = timestamp with milliseconds (as a Unix epoch)#   %i = command tag#   %e = SQL state#   %c = session ID#   %l = session line number#   %s = session start timestamp#   %v = virtual transaction ID#   %x = transaction ID (0 if none)#   %q = stop here in non-session#        processes#   %% = '%'# e.g. '<%u%%%d> '
#log_lock_waits = off                   # log lock waits >= deadlock_timeout
#log_statement = 'none'                 # none, ddl, mod, all
#log_replication_commands = off
#log_temp_files = -1                    # log temporary files equal or larger# than the specified size in kilobytes;# -1 disables, 0 logs all temp files
log_timezone = 'Etc/GMT0'# - Process Title -#cluster_name = ''                      # added to process titles if nonempty# (change requires restart)
#update_process_title = on

<======默认情况下log相关的参数值

#log_destination = 'stderr'
#logging_collector = off
#log_directory = 'pg_log'               # directory where log files are written,
#log_filename = 'postgresql-%Y-%m-%d_%H%M%S.log'        # log file name pattern,
#log_file_mode = 0600                   # creation mode for log files,
#log_truncate_on_rotation = off
#log_rotation_age = 1d                  # Automatic rotation of logfiles will
#log_rotation_size = 10MB
#log_min_messages = warning

输出格式默认为标准错误输出，遇到的错误直接显示出来。日志收集默认是关闭的，log的目录默认是$PGDATA/pg_log(该目录刚开始是不存在的)，如果产生日志格式为'postgresql-%Y-%m-%d_%H%M%S.log'

<=====创建pg_log日志文件夹(确保权限可读可写)

[postgres@qxy data]$ pwd
/spark/pgsql/data
[postgres@qxy data]$ mkdir pg_log

<======修改之后的参数如下，并重新启动postgres

log_destination = 'csvlog'
logging_collector = on
log_directory = 'pg_log'
log_filename = 'postgresql-%Y-%m-%d_%H%M%S.log'
#log_file_mode = 0600
log_rotation_age = 1d
log_rotation_size = 100MB
log_min_messages = info[postgres@qxy data]$
[postgres@qxy data]$ pg_ctl stop -D /spark/pgsql/data -m fast    <=====关闭postgres
waiting for server to shut down.... done
server stopped
[postgres@qxy data]$ pg_ctl start -D /spark/pgsql/data           <=====重启启动postgres
server starting
[postgres@qxy data]$ LOG:  redirecting log output to logging collector process
HINT:  Future log output will appear in directory "pg_log".     <======以后的日志将要出现在pg_log目录[postgres@qxy data]$
[postgres@qxy data]$

<======终端操作产生错误

postgres=#
postgres=#
postgres=# \d t1Table "public.t1"Column |         Type          | Modifiers
--------+-----------------------+-----------name   | character varying(31) | postgres=# insert into t1 select md5(random()::text);
ERROR:  value too long for type character varying(31)   <======md5产生的长度大于31字节
postgres=#
postgres=#

<=====查看产生的错误文件

postgres@qxy pg_log]$
[postgres@qxy pg_log]$ ls -ltr
total 8
-rw-------. 1 postgres postgres   96 Sep 28 07:51 postgresql-2018-09-28_075114.log
-rw-------. 1 postgres postgres 1039 Sep 28 07:53 postgresql-2018-09-28_075114.csv
[postgres@qxy pg_log]$
[postgres@qxy pg_log]$ more postgresql-2018-09-28_075114.csv
2018-09-28 07:51:14.371 GMT,,,10248,,5baddd72.2808,1,,2018-09-28 07:51:14 GMT,,0,LOG,00000,"ending log output to stderr",,"Future log output will go to log d
estination ""csvlog"".",,,,,,,""
2018-09-28 07:51:14.375 GMT,,,10250,,5baddd72.280a,1,,2018-09-28 07:51:14 GMT,,0,LOG,00000,"database system was shut down at 2018-09-28 07:51:01 GMT",,,,,,,,
,""
2018-09-28 07:51:14.378 GMT,,,10250,,5baddd72.280a,2,,2018-09-28 07:51:14 GMT,,0,LOG,00000,"MultiXact member wraparound protections are now enabled",,,,,,,,,
""
2018-09-28 07:51:14.380 GMT,,,10248,,5baddd72.2808,2,,2018-09-28 07:51:14 GMT,,0,LOG,00000,"database system is ready to accept connections",,,,,,,,,""
2018-09-28 07:51:14.381 GMT,,,10254,,5baddd72.280e,1,,2018-09-28 07:51:14 GMT,,0,LOG,00000,"autovacuum launcher started",,,,,,,,,""
2018-09-28 07:53:20.343 GMT,"postgres","postgres",10270,"[local]",5badddc1.281e,1,"INSERT",2018-09-28 07:52:33 GMT,2/19,0,ERROR,22001,"value too long for typ
e character varying(31)",,,,,,"insert into t1 select md5(random()::text);",,,"psql.bin"
[postgres@qxy pg_log]$
[postgres@qxy pg_log]$

<=====错误文件插入表中(格式化日志内容)

CREATE TABLE postgres_log
(log_time timestamp(3) with time zone,user_name text,database_name text,process_id integer,connection_from text,session_id text,session_line_num bigint,command_tag text,session_start_time timestamp with time zone,virtual_transaction_id text,transaction_id bigint,error_severity text,sql_state_code text,message text,detail text,hint text,internal_query text,internal_query_pos integer,context text,query text,query_pos integer,location text,application_name text,PRIMARY KEY (session_id, session_line_num)
);postgres=# CREATE TABLE postgres_log
postgres-# (
postgres(#   log_time timestamp(3) with time zone,
postgres(#   user_name text,
postgres(#   database_name text,
postgres(#   process_id integer,
postgres(#   connection_from text,
postgres(#   session_id text,
postgres(#   session_line_num bigint,
postgres(#   command_tag text,
postgres(#   session_start_time timestamp with time zone,
postgres(#   virtual_transaction_id text,
postgres(#   transaction_id bigint,
postgres(#   error_severity text,
postgres(#   sql_state_code text,
postgres(#   message text,
postgres(#   detail text,
postgres(#   hint text,
postgres(#   internal_query text,
postgres(#   internal_query_pos integer,
postgres(#   context text,
postgres(#   query text,
postgres(#   query_pos integer,
postgres(#   location text,
postgres(#   application_name text,
postgres(#   PRIMARY KEY (session_id, session_line_num)
postgres(# );
CREATE TABLE
postgres=#
postgres=#
postgres=# copy postgres_log from '/spark/pgsql/data/pg_log/postgresql-2018-09-28_075114.csv' with csv;
COPY 6
postgres=#

<=====查询产生的错误

postgres=# select log_time,database_name,user_name,application_name,message from postgres_log;log_time          | database_name | user_name | application_name |                         message
----------------------------+---------------+-----------+------------------+----------------------------------------------------------2018-09-28 07:51:14.371+00 |               |           |                  | ending log output to stderr2018-09-28 07:51:14.375+00 |               |           |                  | database system was shut down at 2018-09-28 07:51:01 GMT2018-09-28 07:51:14.378+00 |               |           |                  | MultiXact member wraparound protections are now enabled2018-09-28 07:51:14.38+00  |               |           |                  | database system is ready to accept connections2018-09-28 07:51:14.381+00 |               |           |                  | autovacuum launcher started2018-09-28 07:53:20.343+00 | postgres      | postgres  | psql.bin         | value too long for type character varying(31)(6 rows)postgres=#

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