samtools view 和 sort

前者转化文件格式，后者将sam（比对地图）按照header位置或者reads名字排序，一般默认是位置。

下面引用其他人的笔记

samtools view

Usage: samtools view [options] <in.bam>|<in.sam>|<in.cram> [region ...]

Options:
-b output BAM
-C output CRAM (requires -T)
-1 use fast BAM compression (implies -b)
-u uncompressed BAM output (implies -b)
-h include header in SAM output
-H print SAM header only (no alignments)
-c print only the count of matching records
-o FILE output file name [stdout]
-U FILE output reads not selected by filters to FILE [null]
-t FILE FILE listing reference names and lengths (see long help) [null]
-L FILE only include reads overlapping this BED FILE [null]
-r STR only include reads in read group STR [null]
-R FILE only include reads with read group listed in FILE [null]
-q INT only include reads with mapping quality >= INT [0]
-l STR only include reads in library STR [null]
-m INT only include reads with number of CIGAR operations consuming
query sequence >= INT [0]
-f INT only include reads with all of the FLAGs in INT present [0]
-F INT only include reads with none of the FLAGS in INT present [0]
-G INT only EXCLUDE reads with all of the FLAGs in INT present [0]
-s FLOAT subsample reads (given INT.FRAC option value, 0.FRAC is the
fraction of templates/read pairs to keep; INT part sets seed)
-M use the multi-region iterator (increases the speed, removes
duplicates and outputs the reads as they are ordered in the file)
-x STR read tag to strip (repeatable) [null]
-B collapse the backward CIGAR operation
-? print long help, including note about region specification
-S ignored (input format is auto-detected)
--input-fmt-option OPT[=VAL]
Specify a single input file format option in the form
of OPTION or OPTION=VALUE
-O, --output-fmt FORMAT[,OPT[=VAL]]...
Specify output format (SAM, BAM, CRAM)
--output-fmt-option OPT[=VAL]
Specify a single output file format option in the form
of OPTION or OPTION=VALUE
-T, --reference FILE
Reference sequence FASTA FILE [null]
-@, --threads INT
Number of additional threads to use [0]

以上是官方，

Usage: samtools view [options] <in.bam>|<in.sam> [region1 [...]]
默认情况下不加 region，则是输出所有的 region.

Options: -b output BAM
默认下输出是 SAM 格式文件，该参数设置输出 BAM 格式
-h print header for the SAM output
默认下输出的 sam 格式文件不带 header，该参数设定输出sam文件时带 header 信息
-H print header only (no alignments)
-S input is SAM
默认下输入是 BAM 文件，若是输入是 SAM 文件，则最好加该参数，否则有时候会报错。
-u uncompressed BAM output (force -b)
该参数的使用需要有-b参数，能节约时间，但是需要更多磁盘空间。
-c Instead of printing the alignments, only count them and print the
total number. All filter options, such as ‘-f’, ‘-F’ and ‘-q’ ,
are taken into account.
-1 fast compression (force -b)
-x output FLAG in HEX (samtools-C specific)
-X output FLAG in string (samtools-C specific)
-c print only the count of matching records
-L FILE output alignments overlapping the input BED FILE [null]
-t FILE list of reference names and lengths (force -S) [null]
使用一个list文件来作为header的输入
-T FILE reference sequence file (force -S) [null]
使用序列fasta文件作为header的输入
-o FILE output file name [stdout]
-R FILE list of read groups to be outputted [null]
-f INT required flag, 0 for unset [0]
-F INT filtering flag, 0 for unset [0]
Skip alignments with bits present in INT [0]
数字4代表该序列没有比对到参考序列上
数字8代表该序列的mate序列没有比对到参考序列上
-q INT minimum mapping quality [0]
-l STR only output reads in library STR [null]
-r STR only output reads in read group STR [null]
-s FLOAT fraction of templates to subsample; integer part as seed [-1]
-? longer help

#################################################################

sort

Usage: samtools sort [options...] [in.bam]
Options:
-l INT Set compression level, from 0 (uncompressed) to 9 (best)
-m INT Set maximum memory per thread; suffix K/M/G recognized [768M]
-n Sort by read name
-t TAG Sort by value of TAG. Uses position as secondary index (or read name if -n is set)
-o FILE Write final output to FILE rather than standard output
-T PREFIX Write temporary files to PREFIX.nnnn.bam
--input-fmt-option OPT[=VAL]
Specify a single input file format option in the form
of OPTION or OPTION=VALUE
-O, --output-fmt FORMAT[,OPT[=VAL]]...
Specify output format (SAM, BAM, CRAM)
--output-fmt-option OPT[=VAL]
Specify a single output file format option in the form
of OPTION or OPTION=VALUE
--reference FILE
Reference sequence FASTA FILE [null]
-@, --threads INT
Number of additional threads to use [0]

sort命令格式如下：

samtools sort [-l level] [-m maxMem] [-o out.bam] [-O format] [-n] [-T tmpprefix] [-@ threads] [in.sam|in.bam|in.cram]

参数：

-l INT 设置输出文件压缩等级。0-9，0是不压缩，9是压缩等级最高。不设置此参数时，使用默认压缩等级；

-m INT 设置每个线程运行时的内存大小，可以使用K，M和G表示内存大小。

-n 设置按照read名称进行排序；

-o FILE 设置最终排序后的输出文件名；

-O FORMAT 设置最终输出的文件格式，可以是bam，sam或者cram，默认为bam；

-T PREFIX 设置临时文件的前缀；

-@ INT 设置排序和压缩是的线程数量，默认是单线程。
————————————————
sort
sort对bam文件进行排序。

Usage: samtools sort [-n] [-m <maxMem>] <in.bam> <out.prefix>
-m 参数默认下是 500,000,000 即500M（不支持K，M，G等缩写）。对于处理大数据时，如果内存够用，则设置大点的值，以节约时间。
-n 设定排序方式按short reads的ID排序。默认下是按序列在fasta文件中的顺序（即header）和序列从左往右的位点排序。

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