ZipKin原理学习--ZipKin入门介绍

ZipKin入门介绍

Zipkin是一款开源的分布式实时数据追踪系统（Distributed Tracking System），基于 Google Dapper的论文设计而来，由 Twitter 公司开发贡献。其主要功能是聚集来自各个异构系统的实时监控数据。分布式跟踪系统还有其他比较成熟的实现，例如：Naver的Pinpoint、Apache的HTrace、阿里的鹰眼Tracing、京东的Hydra、新浪的Watchman，美团点评的CAT，skywalking等。

ZipKin架构

ZipKin可以分为两部分，一部分是zipkin server，用来作为数据的采集存储、数据分析与展示；zipkin client是zipkin基于不同的语言及框架封装的一些列客户端工具，这些工具完成了追踪数据的生成与上报功能，架构如下：

Zipkin Server主要包括四个模块：
（1）Collector 接收或收集各应用传输的数据
（2）Storage 存储接受或收集过来的数据，当前支持Memory，MySQL，Cassandra，ElasticSearch等，默认存储在内存中。
（3）API（Query）负责查询Storage中存储的数据，提供简单的JSON API获取数据，主要提供给web UI使用

（4）Web 提供简单的web界面

服务追踪流程如下：

┌─────────────┐ ┌───────────────────────┐  ┌─────────────┐  ┌──────────────────┐
│ User Code   │ │ Trace Instrumentation │  │ Http Client │  │ Zipkin Collector │
└─────────────┘ └───────────────────────┘  └─────────────┘  └──────────────────┘│                 │                         │                 │┌─────────┐│ ──┤GET /foo ├─▶ │ ────┐                   │                 │└─────────┘         │ record tags│                 │ ◀───┘                   │                 │────┐│                 │     │ add trace headers │                 │◀───┘│                 │ ────┐                   │                 ││ record timestamp│                 │ ◀───┘                   │                 │┌─────────────────┐│                 │ ──┤GET /foo         ├─▶ │                 ││X-B3-TraceId: aa │     ────┐│                 │   │X-B3-SpanId: 6b  │   │     │           │└─────────────────┘         │ invoke│                 │                         │     │ request   │││                 │                         │     │           │┌────────┐          ◀───┘│                 │ ◀─────┤200 OK  ├─────── │                 │────┐ └────────┘│                 │     │ record duration   │                 │┌────────┐     ◀───┘│ ◀──┤200 OK  ├── │                         │                 │└────────┘       ┌────────────────────────────────┐│                 │ ──┤ asynchronously report span     ├────▶ ││                                ││{                               ││  "traceId": "aa",              ││  "id": "6b",                   ││  "name": "get",                ││  "timestamp": 1483945573944000,││  "duration": 386000,           ││  "annotations": [              ││--snip--                        │└────────────────────────────────┘

Instrumented client和server是分别使用了ZipKin Client的服务，Zipkin Client会根据配置将追踪数据发送到Zipkin Server中进行数据存储、分析和展示。

ZipKin几个概念

在追踪日志中，有几个基本概念spanId、traceId、parentId

traceId：用来确定一个追踪链的16字符长度的字符串，在某个追踪链中保持不变。

spanId：区域Id，在一个追踪链中spanId可能存在多个，每个spanId用于表明在某个服务中的身份，也是16字符长度的字符串。

parentId：在跨服务调用者的spanId会传递给被调用者，被调用者会将调用者的spanId作为自己的parentId，然后自己再生成spanId。

如下图：

刚发起调用时traceId和spanId是一致，parentId不存在。

被调用者的traceId和调用者的traceId时一致的，被调用者会产生自己的spanId，并且被调用者的parentId是调用者的spanId

安装

1、下载：

下载地址：https://search.maven.org/remote_content?g=io.zipkin.java&a=zipkin-server&v=LATEST&c=exec

2、运行：java -jar zipkin-server-2.8.3-exec.jar

3、访问：zipkin Server 运行后默认的访问地址：http://localhost:9411

4、调用链分析

启动4个服务，调用关系如下：brave-webmvc-example服务调用brave-webmvc-example2，brave-webmvc-example2分别调用brave-webmvc-example3和brave-webmvc-example4（代码地址），链路关系如下图：

右上角JSON节目可以看到4个服务的调用数据如下图：

[{"traceId": "a4aa11d855699355","id": "a4aa11d855699355","name": "get /start","timestamp": 1526110753393795,"duration": 3873359,"annotations": [{"timestamp": 1526110753393795,"value": "sr","endpoint": {"serviceName": "brave-webmvc-example","ipv4": "192.168.1.101"}},{"timestamp": 1526110757267154,"value": "ss","endpoint": {"serviceName": "brave-webmvc-example","ipv4": "192.168.1.101"}}],"binaryAnnotations": [{"key": "ca","value": true,"endpoint": {"serviceName": "","ipv6": "::1","port": 64570}},{"key": "http.method","value": "GET","endpoint": {"serviceName": "brave-webmvc-example","ipv4": "192.168.1.101"}},{"key": "http.path","value": "/start","endpoint": {"serviceName": "brave-webmvc-example","ipv4": "192.168.1.101"}},{"key": "mvc.controller.class","value": "HomeController","endpoint": {"serviceName": "brave-webmvc-example","ipv4": "192.168.1.101"}},{"key": "mvc.controller.method","value": "start","endpoint": {"serviceName": "brave-webmvc-example","ipv4": "192.168.1.101"}}]},{"traceId": "a4aa11d855699355","id": "cf49951d471ac7c5","name": "get /foo","parentId": "a4aa11d855699355","timestamp": 1526110753583404,"duration": 3650640,"annotations": [{"timestamp": 1526110753583404,"value": "cs","endpoint": {"serviceName": "brave-webmvc-example","ipv4": "192.168.1.101"}},{"timestamp": 1526110754327066,"value": "sr","endpoint": {"serviceName": "brave-webmvc-example2","ipv4": "192.168.1.101"}},{"timestamp": 1526110757234044,"value": "cr","endpoint": {"serviceName": "brave-webmvc-example","ipv4": "192.168.1.101"}},{"timestamp": 1526110757235819,"value": "ss","endpoint": {"serviceName": "brave-webmvc-example2","ipv4": "192.168.1.101"}}],"binaryAnnotations": [{"key": "ca","value": true,"endpoint": {"serviceName": "","ipv4": "127.0.0.1","port": 64578}},{"key": "http.method","value": "GET","endpoint": {"serviceName": "brave-webmvc-example","ipv4": "192.168.1.101"}},{"key": "http.method","value": "GET","endpoint": {"serviceName": "brave-webmvc-example2","ipv4": "192.168.1.101"}},{"key": "http.path","value": "/foo","endpoint": {"serviceName": "brave-webmvc-example","ipv4": "192.168.1.101"}},{"key": "http.path","value": "/foo","endpoint": {"serviceName": "brave-webmvc-example2","ipv4": "192.168.1.101"}},{"key": "mvc.controller.class","value": "HomeController","endpoint": {"serviceName": "brave-webmvc-example2","ipv4": "192.168.1.101"}},{"key": "mvc.controller.method","value": "foo","endpoint": {"serviceName": "brave-webmvc-example2","ipv4": "192.168.1.101"}}]},{"traceId": "a4aa11d855699355","id": "c2c029d693ecc49b","name": "get /bar","parentId": "cf49951d471ac7c5","timestamp": 1526110754397322,"duration": 1583187,"annotations": [{"timestamp": 1526110754397322,"value": "cs","endpoint": {"serviceName": "brave-webmvc-example2","ipv4": "192.168.1.101"}},{"timestamp": 1526110755367168,"value": "sr","endpoint": {"serviceName": "brave-webmvc-example3","ipv4": "192.168.1.101"}},{"timestamp": 1526110755810759,"value": "ss","endpoint": {"serviceName": "brave-webmvc-example3","ipv4": "192.168.1.101"}},{"timestamp": 1526110755980509,"value": "cr","endpoint": {"serviceName": "brave-webmvc-example2","ipv4": "192.168.1.101"}}],"binaryAnnotations": [{"key": "ca","value": true,"endpoint": {"serviceName": "","ipv4": "127.0.0.1","port": 64583}},{"key": "http.method","value": "GET","endpoint": {"serviceName": "brave-webmvc-example2","ipv4": "192.168.1.101"}},{"key": "http.method","value": "GET","endpoint": {"serviceName": "brave-webmvc-example3","ipv4": "192.168.1.101"}},{"key": "http.path","value": "/bar","endpoint": {"serviceName": "brave-webmvc-example2","ipv4": "192.168.1.101"}},{"key": "http.path","value": "/bar","endpoint": {"serviceName": "brave-webmvc-example3","ipv4": "192.168.1.101"}},{"key": "mvc.controller.class","value": "HomeController","endpoint": {"serviceName": "brave-webmvc-example3","ipv4": "192.168.1.101"}},{"key": "mvc.controller.method","value": "bar","endpoint": {"serviceName": "brave-webmvc-example3","ipv4": "192.168.1.101"}}]},{"traceId": "a4aa11d855699355","id": "e3968cec8747ce95","name": "get /tar","parentId": "cf49951d471ac7c5","timestamp": 1526110756017988,"duration": 1194871,"annotations": [{"timestamp": 1526110756017988,"value": "cs","endpoint": {"serviceName": "brave-webmvc-example2","ipv4": "192.168.1.101"}},{"timestamp": 1526110757081683,"value": "sr","endpoint": {"serviceName": "brave-webmvc-example4","ipv4": "192.168.1.101"}},{"timestamp": 1526110757212859,"value": "cr","endpoint": {"serviceName": "brave-webmvc-example2","ipv4": "192.168.1.101"}},{"timestamp": 1526110757222145,"value": "ss","endpoint": {"serviceName": "brave-webmvc-example4","ipv4": "192.168.1.101"}}],"binaryAnnotations": [{"key": "ca","value": true,"endpoint": {"serviceName": "","ipv4": "127.0.0.1","port": 64584}},{"key": "http.method","value": "GET","endpoint": {"serviceName": "brave-webmvc-example4","ipv4": "192.168.1.101"}},{"key": "http.method","value": "GET","endpoint": {"serviceName": "brave-webmvc-example2","ipv4": "192.168.1.101"}},{"key": "http.path","value": "/tar","endpoint": {"serviceName": "brave-webmvc-example4","ipv4": "192.168.1.101"}},{"key": "http.path","value": "/tar","endpoint": {"serviceName": "brave-webmvc-example2","ipv4": "192.168.1.101"}},{"key": "mvc.controller.class","value": "HomeController","endpoint": {"serviceName": "brave-webmvc-example4","ipv4": "192.168.1.101"}},{"key": "mvc.controller.method","value": "tar","endpoint": {"serviceName": "brave-webmvc-example4","ipv4": "192.168.1.101"}}]}
]

5、zipkin client采集

目前官方提供了如下客户端插件进行追踪数据的采集(https://github.com/openzipkin/brave/tree/master/instrumentation)

题外话：由于项目需要和本人推动，尝试，官方在 2.15 版本添加支持 ActiveMQ 支持追踪日志收集

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