Android 主题切换(theme)，语种切换，动态获取自定义属性(attr)值

Google提供的更换主题包方法参考：

https://source.android.google.cn/devices/architecture/rros?hl=zh-cn
https://www.jianshu.com/p/398f1beb1a6e
https://blog.csdn.net/dayong198866/article/details/106281654

主题语言切换

1.开发环境：Android studio 3.4.0，kotlin实现
2.开发准备
①在values中添加资源文件【“new“ → "Values resouce file”】定义为”custom_theme_attrs“，内容如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources><!-- 控制app背景色 format:颜色值、资源引用 --><attr name="custom_attr_app_bg" format="color|reference" /><!-- 控制app标题栏背景色 format:颜色值、资源引用 --><attr name="custom_attr_app_title_layout_bg" format="color|reference" /><!-- 用户头像显示占位Drawable format:颜色值、资源引用 --><attr name="custom_attr_user_photo_place_holder" format="color|reference" /><!-- 用户昵称字体颜色 format:颜色值、资源引用 --><attr name="custom_attr_nickname_text_color" format="color|reference" /><!-- 用户备注字体颜色 format:颜色值、资源引用 --><attr name="custom_attr_remark_text_color" format="color|reference" /><!-- 用户头像显示的透明度 format:尺寸值、资源引用 --><attr name="custom_attr_user_photo_alpha" format="dimension|reference" /><attr name="titlebar_bg" format="color|reference"/><attr name="titlebar_text_color" format="color|reference"/><attr name="body_bg" format="color|reference"/><attr name="body_text_color" format="color|reference"/><attr name="title" format="string"/>
</resources>

②在资源文件”styles“中添加如下代码【添加主题】

<!-- 主题：白天 --><style name="theme_day" parent="Theme.AppCompat.Light.NoActionBar"><item name="titlebar_bg">#1EABF0</item><item name="titlebar_text_color">#FFFFFF</item><item name="body_bg">#F3F3F3</item><item name="body_text_color">#333333</item></style><!-- 主题：夜晚 --><style name="theme_night" parent="Theme.AppCompat.Light.NoActionBar"><item name="titlebar_bg">#000000</item><item name="titlebar_text_color">#FFFFFF</item><item name="body_bg">#888888</item><item name="body_text_color">#EAEAEA</item></style><!-- theme_day.chi_sim 表示继承theme_day --><style name="theme_day.chi_sim"><item name="title">主题配置</item></style><style name="theme_night.eng"><item name="title">TopicConfig</item></style>

3.添加观察者接口：

package com.zjhj.maxapp.themeinterface ThemeChangeObserver {/*** 加载当前主题*/fun loadingCurrentTheme()/*** 主题改变后通知*/fun notifyThemeChanged()
}

4.在BaseActivity中实现接口

package com.zjhj.maxapp.baseimport android.content.Context
import android.os.Bundle
import android.view.WindowManager
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity
import com.zjhj.maxapp.App
import com.zjhj.maxapp.R
import com.zjhj.maxapp.theme.ThemeChangeObserver
import com.zjhj.maxapp.utils.L //自定义日志类/*** CreateTime 2020/4/2 09:10* Author LiuShiHua* Description：*/
abstract class BaseActivity : AppCompatActivity(), ThemeChangeObserver {private val KEY_THEME_TAG = "myThemeTag"private var isChangeTheme: Boolean = falseoverride fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {window.addFlags(WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_KEEP_SCREEN_ON)window.addFlags(WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_FULLSCREEN)setThemeBeforeCreate()super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)setContentView()initView()initData()getData()}/***/private fun setThemeBeforeCreate() {App.registerObserver(this)//将当前Acitivity注册成观察者loadingCurrentTheme()}/*** 加载当前主题* 需要在super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)之前执行才会生效*/override fun loadingCurrentTheme() {when (getThemeTag()) {1 -> setTheme(R.style.theme_day_chi_sim)-1 -> setTheme(R.style.theme_night_eng)}L.d("loadingCurrentTheme:" + this::class.java)}abstract fun setContentView()abstract fun initView()abstract fun initData()abstract fun getData()/*** 获取当前主题类型*/protected open fun getThemeTag(): Int {val preferences = getSharedPreferences("MaxTheme", Context.MODE_PRIVATE)return preferences.getInt(KEY_THEME_TAG, 1)}/*** 设置主题类型* 保存在sharedprferences中*/protected open fun setThemeTag(tag: Int) {L.d("setThemeTag:" + tag)val preferences = getSharedPreferences("MaxTheme", Context.MODE_PRIVATE)val edit = preferences.edit()edit.putInt(KEY_THEME_TAG, tag)edit.commit()App.notifyByThemeChanged()}/*** 注销这个观察者*/override fun onDestroy() {App.unregisterObserver(this)super.onDestroy()}
}

5.在APP（继承 Application）中管理观察者

package com.zjhj.maxappimport android.app.Application
import android.content.Context
import com.zjhj.maxapp.theme.ThemeChangeObserver/*** CreateTime 2020/4/9 09:40* Author LiuShiHua* Description：*/
class App : Application() {companion object {//静态属性或方法lateinit var context: Contextgetprivate var mThemeChangeObserverStack: MutableList<ThemeChangeObserver>? = null/*** 获得observer堆栈*/private fun obtainThemeChangeObserverStack(): MutableList<ThemeChangeObserver>? {if (mThemeChangeObserverStack == null) mThemeChangeObserverStack = ArrayList()return mThemeChangeObserverStack}/*** 向堆栈中添加observer*/fun registerObserver(observer: ThemeChangeObserver?) {if (observer == null || obtainThemeChangeObserverStack()!!.contains(observer)) returnobtainThemeChangeObserverStack()!!.add(observer)}/*** 从堆栈中移除observer*/fun unregisterObserver(observer: ThemeChangeObserver?) {if (observer == null || !obtainThemeChangeObserverStack()!!.contains(observer)) returnobtainThemeChangeObserverStack()!!.remove(observer)}/*** 向堆栈中所有对象发送更新UI的指令*/fun notifyByThemeChanged() {val observers: List<ThemeChangeObserver>? = obtainThemeChangeObserverStack()for (observer in observers!!) {observer.loadingCurrentTheme() //observer.notifyThemeChanged() //}}}override fun onCreate() {super.onCreate()context = this}
}

5.在BaseActivity实例中去调用更换主题

package com.zjhj.maxappimport com.zjhj.maxapp.base.BaseActivity
import kotlinx.android.synthetic.main.activity_theme.*class ThemeActivity : BaseActivity() {override fun setContentView() {setContentView(R.layout.activity_theme)}override fun initView() {changeTheme.setOnClickListener {if (getThemeTag()==1) {//设置主题setThemeTag(-1)} else {setThemeTag(1)}recreate()//重新构建页面}}override fun initData() {}override fun getData() {}override fun notifyThemeChanged() {}
}

6.说明：网上有些建议是使用recreate()来重新构建页面就行，实际中很多Activity都无法使用recreate()来重新构建页面，或者想保存之前的页面信息而不希望页面重新构建，我这里使用的是在Activity中notifyThemeChanged中重新设置对应主题的属性值【感觉比较low】

...override fun notifyThemeChanged() {val typedValue = TypedValue()//获取当前主题下的titlebar_bg属性值，并赋给typedValuetheme.resolveAttribute(R.attr.titlebar_bg, typedValue, true)//设置属性值【注意：属性是那种类型，设置的时候就用成那种类型】toolBar.setBackgroundColor(typedValue.data)}
...

实现效果：在主题设置也改变主题后其他页面跟这变化