一. 简介

excel导出，如果数据量在百万级，会出现俩点内存溢出的问题：

1. 查询数据量过大，导致内存溢出。该问题可以通过分批查询来解决；

2. 最后下载的时候大EXCEL转换的输出流内存溢出；该方式可以通过新版的SXSSFWorkbook来解决，可通过其构造函数执指定在内存中缓存的行数，剩余的会自动缓存在硬盘的临时目录上，同时，并不会存在页面卡顿的情况；

3. 为了能够使用不同的mapper并分批写数据, 采用了外观模式和模板方法模式，大体分三步：

a. 根据总数量生成excel，确定sheet的数量和写标题；

b. 写数据，在可变的匿名内部类中实现写入逻辑；
c. 转换输出流进行下载；

4. 使用案例在3.3 ServiceImpl中，可自行书写。

5. 最近太忙，写的太仓促，性能我感觉还有一倍的优化空间，比如循环次数，现在存在无意义空循环（这个耗时比较多）的情况，缓冲流，mybatis的浮标等，待优化........

6. 优化空间很大刚试了下把空循环去掉 4个字段 90W条数据 40s 180W 75s 300W 122s

7. 转战阿里开源的EasyExcel了，那个内存控制在kb级别，绝对不会内存溢出。使用说明请参见博主的另一篇文章：

阿里开源（EasyExcel）---导出EXCEL

8. 导入的也有，请参见另一篇文章：阿里开源（EasyExcel）---导入EXCEL

二. 工具代码

2.1 配置

2.1.1 pom.xml

      <!-- poi --><dependency><groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId><artifactId>poi</artifactId><version>3.17</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId><artifactId>poi-ooxml</artifactId><version>3.17</version></dependency>

注：如果是springboot2.0,则不需要poi依赖，如果是1.0，则需要poi依赖，并且poi和poi-ooxml的版本要保持一致。

别的依赖我就不加了。

2.1.2 application.yml

# pagehelper
pagehelper:helperDialect: mysqlreasonable: false # 如果没有数据  返回空 而非最后一页的数据supportMethodsArguments: trueparams: count=countSqlreturnPageInfo: check

注： reasonable一定要为false, 其他的我就不粘了。

2.2 ExcelConstant

package com.yzx.caasscs.constant;/*** @author qjwyss* @date 2018/9/19* @description EXCEL常量类*/
public class ExcelConstant {/*** 每个sheet存储的记录数 100W*/public static final Integer PER_SHEET_ROW_COUNT = 1000000;/*** 每次向EXCEL写入的记录数(查询每页数据大小) 20W*/public static final Integer PER_WRITE_ROW_COUNT = 200000;/*** 每个sheet的写入次数 5*/public static final Integer PER_SHEET_WRITE_COUNT = PER_SHEET_ROW_COUNT / PER_WRITE_ROW_COUNT;}

注： xlsx模式的excel每个sheet最多存储104W，此处我就每个sheet存储了 100W数据；每次查询20W数据；自己根据内存来调合适的大小，写入次数待优化。

2.3 写数据委托类

package com.yzx.caasscs.util;import org.apache.poi.xssf.streaming.SXSSFSheet;/*** @author qjwyss* @date 2018/9/20* @description EXCEL写数据委托类*/
public interface WriteExcelDataDelegated {/*** EXCEL写数据委托类  针对不同的情况自行实现** @param eachSheet     指定SHEET* @param startRowCount 开始行* @param endRowCount   结束行* @param currentPage   分批查询开始页* @param pageSize      分批查询数据量* @throws Exception*/public abstract void writeExcelData(SXSSFSheet eachSheet, Integer startRowCount, Integer endRowCount, Integer currentPage, Integer pageSize) throws Exception;}

2.4 DateUtil工具类（非必须）

package com.yzx.caasscs.util;import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;/*** @author qjwyss* @date 2018/9/20* @description 日期工具类*/
public class DateUtil {public static final String YYYY_MM_DD_HH_MM_SS = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss";/*** 将日期转换为字符串** @param date   DATE日期* @param format 转换格式* @return 字符串日期*/public static String formatDate(Date date, String format) {SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat(format);return simpleDateFormat.format(date);}}

2.5 POI工具类

package com.yzx.caasscs.util;import com.yzx.caasscs.constant.ExcelConstant;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.streaming.SXSSFCell;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.streaming.SXSSFRow;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.streaming.SXSSFSheet;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.streaming.SXSSFWorkbook;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.Date;/*** @author qjwyss* @date 2018/9/18* @description POI导出工具类*/
public class PoiUtil {private final static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(PoiUtil.class);/*** 初始化EXCEL(sheet个数和标题)** @param totalRowCount 总记录数* @param titles        标题集合* @return XSSFWorkbook对象*/public static SXSSFWorkbook initExcel(Integer totalRowCount, String[] titles) {// 在内存当中保持 100 行 , 超过的数据放到硬盘中在内存当中保持 100 行 , 超过的数据放到硬盘中SXSSFWorkbook wb = new SXSSFWorkbook(100);Integer sheetCount = ((totalRowCount % ExcelConstant.PER_SHEET_ROW_COUNT == 0) ?(totalRowCount / ExcelConstant.PER_SHEET_ROW_COUNT) : (totalRowCount / ExcelConstant.PER_SHEET_ROW_COUNT + 1));// 根据总记录数创建sheet并分配标题for (int i = 0; i < sheetCount; i++) {SXSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("sheet" + (i + 1));SXSSFRow headRow = sheet.createRow(0);for (int j = 0; j < titles.length; j++) {SXSSFCell headRowCell = headRow.createCell(j);headRowCell.setCellValue(titles[j]);}}return wb;}/*** 下载EXCEL到本地指定的文件夹** @param wb         EXCEL对象SXSSFWorkbook* @param exportPath 导出路径*/public static void downLoadExcelToLocalPath(SXSSFWorkbook wb, String exportPath) {FileOutputStream fops = null;try {fops = new FileOutputStream(exportPath);wb.write(fops);} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();} finally {if (null != wb) {try {wb.dispose();} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}}if (null != fops) {try {fops.close();} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}}}}/*** 下载EXCEL到浏览器** @param wb       EXCEL对象XSSFWorkbook* @param response* @param fileName 文件名称* @throws IOException*/public static void downLoadExcelToWebsite(SXSSFWorkbook wb, HttpServletResponse response, String fileName) throws IOException {response.setHeader("Content-disposition", "attachment; filename="+ new String((fileName + ".xlsx").getBytes("utf-8"), "ISO8859-1"));//设置下载的文件名OutputStream outputStream = null;try {outputStream = response.getOutputStream();wb.write(outputStream);} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();} finally {if (null != wb) {try {wb.dispose();} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}}if (null != outputStream) {try {outputStream.close();} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}}}}/*** 导出Excel到本地指定路径** @param totalRowCount           总记录数* @param titles                  标题* @param exportPath              导出路径* @param writeExcelDataDelegated 向EXCEL写数据/处理格式的委托类 自行实现* @throws Exception*/public static final void exportExcelToLocalPath(Integer totalRowCount, String[] titles, String exportPath, WriteExcelDataDelegated writeExcelDataDelegated) throws Exception {logger.info("开始导出：" + DateUtil.formatDate(new Date(), DateUtil.YYYY_MM_DD_HH_MM_SS));// 初始化EXCELSXSSFWorkbook wb = PoiUtil.initExcel(totalRowCount, titles);// 调用委托类分批写数据int sheetCount = wb.getNumberOfSheets();for (int i = 0; i < sheetCount; i++) {SXSSFSheet eachSheet = wb.getSheetAt(i);for (int j = 1; j <= ExcelConstant.PER_SHEET_WRITE_COUNT; j++) {int currentPage = i * ExcelConstant.PER_SHEET_WRITE_COUNT + j;int pageSize = ExcelConstant.PER_WRITE_ROW_COUNT;int startRowCount = (j - 1) * ExcelConstant.PER_WRITE_ROW_COUNT + 1;int endRowCount = startRowCount + pageSize - 1;writeExcelDataDelegated.writeExcelData(eachSheet, startRowCount, endRowCount, currentPage, pageSize);}}// 下载EXCELPoiUtil.downLoadExcelToLocalPath(wb, exportPath);logger.info("导出完成：" + DateUtil.formatDate(new Date(), DateUtil.YYYY_MM_DD_HH_MM_SS));}/*** 导出Excel到浏览器** @param response* @param totalRowCount           总记录数* @param fileName                文件名称* @param titles                  标题* @param writeExcelDataDelegated 向EXCEL写数据/处理格式的委托类 自行实现* @throws Exception*/public static final void exportExcelToWebsite(HttpServletResponse response, Integer totalRowCount, String fileName, String[] titles, WriteExcelDataDelegated writeExcelDataDelegated) throws Exception {logger.info("开始导出：" + DateUtil.formatDate(new Date(), DateUtil.YYYY_MM_DD_HH_MM_SS));// 初始化EXCELSXSSFWorkbook wb = PoiUtil.initExcel(totalRowCount, titles);// 调用委托类分批写数据int sheetCount = wb.getNumberOfSheets();for (int i = 0; i < sheetCount; i++) {SXSSFSheet eachSheet = wb.getSheetAt(i);for (int j = 1; j <= ExcelConstant.PER_SHEET_WRITE_COUNT; j++) {int currentPage = i * ExcelConstant.PER_SHEET_WRITE_COUNT + j;int pageSize = ExcelConstant.PER_WRITE_ROW_COUNT;int startRowCount = (j - 1) * ExcelConstant.PER_WRITE_ROW_COUNT + 1;int endRowCount = startRowCount + pageSize - 1;writeExcelDataDelegated.writeExcelData(eachSheet, startRowCount, endRowCount, currentPage, pageSize);}}// 下载EXCELPoiUtil.downLoadExcelToWebsite(wb, response, fileName);logger.info("导出完成：" + DateUtil.formatDate(new Date(), DateUtil.YYYY_MM_DD_HH_MM_SS));}}

三. 使用DEMO

3.1 Controller

package com.yzx.caasscs.controller.organiza;import com.yzx.caasscs.controller.BaseController;
import com.yzx.caasscs.service.organiza.UserService;
import com.yzx.caasscs.vo.PageVO;
import com.yzx.caasscs.vo.ResultVO;
import com.yzx.caasscs.vo.organiza.UserVO;
import io.swagger.annotations.Api;
import io.swagger.annotations.ApiImplicitParam;
import io.swagger.annotations.ApiImplicitParams;
import io.swagger.annotations.ApiOperation;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import springfox.documentation.annotations.ApiIgnore;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;/*** @author qjwyss* @date 2018/8/30* @description 用户控制类*/
@Api(tags = {"UserController"}, description = "用户Controller")
@RestController
@RequestMapping(value = "/user")
public class UserController extends BaseController {@Autowiredprivate UserService userService;@ApiOperation("导出用户EXCEL")@ApiImplicitParams({@ApiImplicitParam(paramType = "query", dataType = "Long", name = "loginUid", value = "登录用户UID", required = true),@ApiImplicitParam(paramType = "query", dataType = "Long", name = "uid", value = "用户UID", required = true)})@GetMapping("/export")public ResultVO<Void> exportUser(@ApiIgnore UserVO userVO, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {return this.userService.export(userVO, response);}}

3.2 Service

package com.yzx.caasscs.service.organiza;import com.yzx.caasscs.vo.PageVO;
import com.yzx.caasscs.vo.ResultVO;
import com.yzx.caasscs.vo.organiza.UserVO;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;/*** @author qjwyss* @date 2018/8/30* @description 用户SERVICE*/
public interface UserService {/*** 导出用户EXCEL** @param userVO* @return VOID* @throws Exception*/ResultVO<Void> export(UserVO userVO, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception;}

3.3 ServiceImpl

package com.yzx.caasscs.service.impl.organiza;import com.github.pagehelper.PageHelper;
import com.github.pagehelper.PageInfo;
import com.yzx.caasscs.constant.middleware.RedisConstant;
import com.yzx.caasscs.constant.organiza.UserApartmentConstant;
import com.yzx.caasscs.constant.organiza.UserConstant;
import com.yzx.caasscs.constant.organiza.UserRoleConstant;
import com.yzx.caasscs.constant.sys.SysLogConstant;
import com.yzx.caasscs.entity.dscaasscs.organiza.User;
import com.yzx.caasscs.entity.dscaasscs.organiza.UserApartment;
import com.yzx.caasscs.entity.dscaasscs.organiza.UserRole;
import com.yzx.caasscs.mapper.dscaasscs.organiza.UserApartmentMapper;
import com.yzx.caasscs.mapper.dscaasscs.organiza.UserMapper;
import com.yzx.caasscs.mapper.dscaasscs.organiza.UserRoleMapper;
import com.yzx.caasscs.mapper.dscaasscs.sys.RoleMenuMapper;
import com.yzx.caasscs.service.organiza.UserService;
import com.yzx.caasscs.service.sys.SysLogService;
import com.yzx.caasscs.util.CommonUtil;
import com.yzx.caasscs.util.DateUtil;
import com.yzx.caasscs.util.PoiUtil;
import com.yzx.caasscs.util.WriteExcelDataDelegated;
import com.yzx.caasscs.vo.PageVO;
import com.yzx.caasscs.vo.ResultVO;
import com.yzx.caasscs.vo.organiza.UserApartmentVO;
import com.yzx.caasscs.vo.organiza.UserRoleVO;
import com.yzx.caasscs.vo.organiza.UserVO;
import com.yzx.caasscs.vo.sys.MenuVO;
import com.yzx.caasscs.vo.sys.RoleMenuVO;
import com.yzx.caasscs.vo.sys.SysLogVO;
import net.sf.json.JSONObject;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.streaming.SXSSFRow;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.streaming.SXSSFSheet;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
import org.springframework.util.CollectionUtils;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;/*** @author qjwyss* @date 2018/8/30* @description 用户SERVICEIMPL*/
@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {@Autowiredprivate UserMapper userMapper;@Autowiredprivate HttpServletRequest request;@Overridepublic ResultVO<Void> export(UserVO userVO, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {// 总记录数Integer totalRowCount = this.userMapper.selectUserVOCount(userVO);// 导出EXCEL文件名称String filaName = "用户EXCEL";// 标题String[] titles = {"账号", "密码", "状态", "昵称", "职位", "手机号", "邮箱", "创建人ID", "创建时间", "修改人ID", "修改时间"};// 开始导入PoiUtil.exportExcelToWebsite(response, totalRowCount, filaName, titles, new WriteExcelDataDelegated() {@Overridepublic void writeExcelData(SXSSFSheet eachSheet, Integer startRowCount, Integer endRowCount, Integer currentPage, Integer pageSize) throws Exception {PageHelper.startPage(currentPage, pageSize);List<UserVO> userVOList = userMapper.selectUserVOList(userVO);if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(userVOList)) {// --------------   这一块变量照着抄就行  强迫症 后期也封装起来     ----------------------for (int i = startRowCount; i <= endRowCount; i++) {SXSSFRow eachDataRow = eachSheet.createRow(i);if ((i - startRowCount) < userVOList.size()) {UserVO eachUserVO = userVOList.get(i - startRowCount);// ---------   这一块变量照着抄就行  强迫症 后期也封装起来     -----------------------eachDataRow.createCell(0).setCellValue(eachUserVO.getUsername() == null ? "" : eachUserVO.getUsername());eachDataRow.createCell(1).setCellValue(eachUserVO.getPassword() == null ? "" : eachUserVO.getPassword());eachDataRow.createCell(2).setCellValue(eachUserVO.getUserState() == null ? "" : (eachUserVO.getUserState() == 1 ? "启用" : "停用"));eachDataRow.createCell(3).setCellValue(eachUserVO.getNickname() == null ? "" : eachUserVO.getNickname());eachDataRow.createCell(4).setCellValue(eachUserVO.getPosition() == null ? "" : eachUserVO.getPosition());eachDataRow.createCell(5).setCellValue(eachUserVO.getMobile() == null ? "" : eachUserVO.getMobile());eachDataRow.createCell(6).setCellValue(eachUserVO.getEmail() == null ? "" : eachUserVO.getEmail());if (null != eachUserVO.getCreateUid()) {eachDataRow.createCell(7).setCellValue(eachUserVO.getCreateUid());}if (null != eachUserVO.getCreateTime()) {eachDataRow.createCell(8).setCellValue(DateUtil.formatDate(eachUserVO.getCreateTime(), DateUtil.YYYY_MM_DD_HH_MM_SS));}if (null != eachUserVO.getUpdateUid()) {eachDataRow.createCell(9).setCellValue(eachUserVO.getUpdateUid());}if (null != eachUserVO.getUpdateTime()) {eachDataRow.createCell(10).setCellValue(DateUtil.formatDate(eachUserVO.getUpdateTime(), DateUtil.YYYY_MM_DD_HH_MM_SS));}}}}}});return ResultVO.getSuccess("导出用户EXCEL成功");}}

3.4 mapper

package com.yzx.caasscs.mapper.dscaasscs.organiza;import com.yzx.caasscs.entity.dscaasscs.organiza.User;
import com.yzx.caasscs.vo.organiza.UserVO;import java.util.List;/*** @author qjwyss* @date 2018/8/29* @description 用户MAPPER*/
public interface UserMapper {/*** 查询用户列表** @param userVO* @return UserVO集合* @throws Exception*/List<UserVO> selectUserVOList(UserVO userVO) throws Exception;/*** 查询用户数量** @param userVO* @return 用户数量* @throws Exception*/Integer selectUserVOCount(UserVO userVO) throws Exception;}

3.5 mapper.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd" >
<mapper namespace="com.yzx.caasscs.mapper.dscaasscs.organiza.UserMapper" ><resultMap id="BaseResultMap" type="com.yzx.caasscs.entity.dscaasscs.organiza.User" ><id column="uid" property="uid" jdbcType="BIGINT" /><result column="username" property="username" jdbcType="VARCHAR" /><result column="password" property="password" jdbcType="VARCHAR" /><result column="state" property="state" jdbcType="INTEGER" /><result column="nickname" property="nickname" jdbcType="VARCHAR" /><result column="position" property="position" jdbcType="VARCHAR" /><result column="mobile" property="mobile" jdbcType="VARCHAR" /><result column="email" property="email" jdbcType="VARCHAR" /><result column="create_uid" property="createUid" jdbcType="BIGINT" /><result column="create_time" property="createTime" jdbcType="TIMESTAMP" /><result column="update_uid" property="updateUid" jdbcType="BIGINT" /><result column="update_time" property="updateTime" jdbcType="TIMESTAMP" /></resultMap><!-- 查询用户分页列表返回MAP --><resultMap id="SelectUserVOListMap" type="com.yzx.caasscs.vo.organiza.UserVO"><id column="uid" property="uid" jdbcType="BIGINT" /><result column="username" property="username" jdbcType="VARCHAR" /><result column="user_state" property="userState" jdbcType="INTEGER" /><result column="nickname" property="nickname" jdbcType="VARCHAR" /><result column="position" property="position" jdbcType="VARCHAR" /><result column="mobile" property="mobile" jdbcType="VARCHAR" /><result column="email" property="email" jdbcType="VARCHAR" /><result column="create_uid" property="createUid" jdbcType="BIGINT" /><result column="create_time" property="createTime" jdbcType="TIMESTAMP" /><result column="update_uid" property="updateUid" jdbcType="BIGINT" /><result column="update_time" property="updateTime" jdbcType="TIMESTAMP" /><result column="apartment_name" property="apartmentName" jdbcType="VARCHAR" /><result column="role_names" property="roleNames" jdbcType="VARCHAR" /></resultMap><sql id="Base_Column_List" >uid, username, password, state, nickname, position, mobile, email, create_uid, create_time,update_uid, update_time</sql><!-- 查询用户列表 --><select id="selectUserVOList" parameterType="com.yzx.caasscs.vo.organiza.UserVO" resultMap="SelectUserVOListMap">SELECTU.uid, U.username, U.state AS user_state, U.nickname, U.position, U.mobile, U.email, U.create_uid, U.create_time,U.update_uid, U.update_time,A.apartment_name,(SELECTGROUP_CONCAT( R.role_name ) AS role_name_listFROMuser_role AS URLEFT JOIN role AS R ON R.rid = UR.ridWHEREUR.state > 0AND UR.uid = U.uidGROUP BY UR.uid) role_namesFROM`user` AS ULEFT JOIN user_apartment AS UA ON UA.uid = U.uidLEFT JOIN apartment AS A ON A.aid = UA.aidWHEREU.state > 0<if test="userState != null">AND U.state = #{userState,jdbcType=INTEGER}</if><if test="nickname != null and nickname != ''">AND U.nickname LIKE CONCAT("%", #{nickname,jdbcType=VARCHAR}, "%")</if><if test="apartmentName != null and apartmentName != ''">AND A.apartment_name LIKE CONCAT("%", #{apartmentName,jdbcType=VARCHAR}, "%")</if>ORDER BY U.create_time DESC</select><!-- 查询用户列表数量 --><select id="selectUserVOCount" parameterType="com.yzx.caasscs.vo.organiza.UserVO" resultType="java.lang.Integer" >SELECTCOUNT(1)FROM`user` AS ULEFT JOIN user_apartment AS UA ON UA.uid = U.uidLEFT JOIN apartment AS A ON A.aid = UA.aidWHEREU.state > 0<if test="userState != null">AND U.state = #{userState,jdbcType=INTEGER}</if><if test="nickname != null and nickname != ''">AND U.nickname LIKE CONCAT("%", #{nickname,jdbcType=VARCHAR}, "%")</if><if test="apartmentName != null and apartmentName != ''">AND A.apartment_name LIKE CONCAT("%", #{apartmentName,jdbcType=VARCHAR}, "%")</if></select></mapper>

4. 测试

每个sheet存100W，每次查询写20W，每条记录10个字段，时间如下：

数据量	时间
100W	3.5分钟
150W	7分钟

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POI百万级大数据量EXCEL导出