matplotlib学习-2

绘制散点图

假设通过爬虫你获取到了北京2016年3，10月份每天白天的最高气温（分别位于列表a,b），那么此时如何寻找气温和随时间（天）变化的某种规律？

y_3 = [11, 17, 16, 11, 12, 11, 12, 6, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 15, 14, 17, 18, 21, 16, 17, 20, 14, 15, 15, 15, 19, 21, 22, 22, 22, 23]

y_10 = [26, 26, 28, 19, 21, 17, 16, 19, 18, 20, 20, 19, 22, 23, 17, 20, 21, 20, 22, 15, 11, 15, 5, 13, 17, 10, 11, 13,12, 13, 6]

from matplotlib import pyplot as plty_3 = [11, 17, 16, 11, 12, 11, 12, 6, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 15, 14, 17, 18, 21, 16, 17, 20, 14, 15, 15, 15, 19, 21, 22, 22,22, 23]
y_10 = [26, 26, 28, 19, 21, 17, 16, 19, 18, 20, 20, 19, 22, 23, 17, 20, 21, 20, 22, 15, 11, 15, 5, 13, 17, 10, 11, 13,12, 13, 6]
x_3 = range(1, 32)
x_10 = range(51, 82)# 设置图形大小
plt.figure(figsize=(20, 8), dpi=80)# 绘制
plt.scatter(x_3, y_3, label="3yuefen")
plt.scatter(x_10, y_10, label="10yuefen")# 调整x轴的刻度
_x = list(x_3) + list(x_10)
_xtick_labels = ["3yue{}ri".format(i) for i in x_3]
_xtick_labels += ["10yue{}ri".format(i - 50) for i in x_10]
plt.xticks(_x[::3], _xtick_labels, rotation=45)# 添加描述信息
plt.xlabel("time")
plt.ylabel("tempture")
plt.title("title")# 添加图例
plt.legend(loc="upper left")# 展示
plt.show()

绘制条形图

假设你获取到了2017年内地电影票房前20的电影（列表a）和电影票房数据（列表b），那么如何更加直观的展示该数据？

a=[“战狼2”，“速度与激情”，“功夫瑜伽”，“西游伏魔篇”，“变形金刚5：最后的骑士”，“摔跤吧！爸爸”，“加勒比海盗5：死无对证”，“金刚：骷颅岛”，“极限特工：终极回归”，“生哈危机6：终章”，“乘风破浪”，“神偷奶爸3”，“智取威虎山”，“大闹天竺”，“金刚狼3：殊死一战”，“蜘蛛侠：英雄归来”，“悟空传”，“银河护卫队2”，“情圣”，“新木乃伊”]

b=[56.01,26.94,17.53,16.49,15.45,12.96,11.8,11.61,11.28,11.12,10.49,10.3,8.75,7.55,7.32,6.99,6.88,6.86,6.58,6.23] 单位：亿

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_managera = ["战狼2", "速度与激情", "功夫瑜伽", "西游伏魔篇", "变形金刚5：最后的骑士","摔跤吧！爸爸", "加勒比海盗5：死无对证", "金刚：骷颅岛", "极限特工：终极回归", "生哈危机6：终章","乘风破浪", "神偷奶爸3", "智取威虎山", "大闹天竺", "金刚狼3：殊死一战", "蜘蛛侠：英雄归来", "悟空传", "银河护卫队2", "情圣", "新木乃伊"]b = [56.01, 26.94, 17.53, 16.49, 15.45, 12.96, 11.8, 11.61, 11.28, 11.12, 10.49, 10.3, 8.75, 7.55, 7.32, 6.99, 6.88,6.86, 6.58, 6.23]# 设置图形大小
plt.figure(figsize=(20, 8), dpi=80)
# 绘制
plt.bar(range(len(a)), b, width=0.3)# 设置坐标轴显示的字符串
plt.xticks(range(len(a)), a, rotation=45)# 展示
plt.show()

绘制横着的条形图

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_manager# my_font = font_manager.FontProperties(fname="/System/Library/Fonts/Hiragino Sans GB.ttc")
a = ["战狼2", "速度与激情", "功夫瑜伽", "西游伏魔篇", "变形金刚5：最后的骑士","摔跤吧！爸爸", "加勒比海盗5：死无对证", "金刚：骷颅岛", "极限特工：终极回归", "生哈危机6：终章","乘风破浪", "神偷奶爸3", "智取威虎山", "大闹天竺", "金刚狼3：殊死一战", "蜘蛛侠：英雄归来", "悟空传", "银河护卫队2", "情圣", "新木乃伊"]b = [56.01, 26.94, 17.53, 16.49, 15.45, 12.96, 11.8, 11.61, 11.28, 11.12, 10.49, 10.3, 8.75, 7.55, 7.32, 6.99, 6.88,6.86, 6.58, 6.23]# 设置图形大小
plt.figure(figsize=(20, 8), dpi=80)# 绘制
plt.barh(range(len(a)), b, height=0.3)# 设置坐标轴显示的字符串
plt.yticks(range(len(a)), a)# 增加网格
plt.grid(alpha=0.3)# 展示
plt.show()

绘制多次条形图

假设你知道列表a中电影分别在2017-09-14（b_14），2017-09-15（b_15），2017-09-16（b_16）三天的票房，为了展示列表中电影本身的票房以及同其他电影的数据对比情况，应该如何更加直观

的呈现该数据？

a=[“猩球崛起3:终极之战”,“敦刻尔克”,“蜘蛛侠:英雄归来”,“战狼2”]

b_16=[15746,312,4497,319]

b_15=[12357,156,2045,168]

b_14=[2358,399,2358,362]

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_manager# my_font = font_manager.FontProperties(fname="/System/Library/Fonts/Hiragino Sans GB.ttc")
a = ["猩球崛起3:终极之战", "敦刻尔克", "蜘蛛侠:英雄归来", "战狼2"]
b_16 = [15746, 312, 4497, 319]
b_15 = [12357, 156, 2045, 168]
b_14 = [2358, 399, 2358, 362]x_14 = list(range(len(a)))
x_15 = [i + 0.2 for i in x_14]
x_16 = [i + 0.2 * 2 for i in x_14]# 设置图形大小
plt.figure(figsize=(20, 8), dpi=80)# 绘制
plt.bar(range(len(a)), b_14, width=0.2)
plt.bar(x_15, b_15, width=0.2)
plt.bar(x_16, b_16, width=0.2)# 设置坐标轴的刻度
plt.xticks(x_15, a)# 展示
plt.show()

绘制直方图

a=[131,98,125,131,124,139,117,128,108,135,138,131,102,107,114,119,128,121,142,127,130,124,101,110,116,117,110,128,128,115,99,136,126,134,95,138,117,111,78,132,124,113,150,110,117,86,95,144,105,126,130,126,130,126,116,123,106,112,138,123,83,101,99,136,123,117,86,95,114]

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_managera = [131, 98, 125, 131, 124, 139, 117, 128, 108, 135, 138, 131, 102, 107, 114, 119, 128, 121, 142, 127, 130, 124, 101,110, 116, 117, 110, 128, 128, 115, 99, 136, 126, 134, 95, 138, 117, 111, 78, 132, 124, 113, 150, 110, 117, 86, 95,144, 105, 126, 130, 126, 130, 126, 116, 123, 106, 112, 138, 123, 83, 101, 99, 136, 123, 117, 86, 95, 114, 112, 98,76, 86, 98, 116, 124, 135, 124, 125, 89, 83, 76]# 计算组数
d = 3  # 组距
num_bins = max(a) - min(a) // d# 设置图形大小
plt.figure(figsize=(20, 8), dpi=80)# 绘制
plt.hist(a, num_bins, normed=1)# 设置坐标轴的刻度
plt.xticks(range(min(a), max(a) + d, d))# 增加网格
plt.grid()# 展示
plt.show()