文章目录

  • 用哪个更快更方便
  • 区别
    • 本质区别
    • 使用效果区别
  • adduser perl脚本内容

用哪个更快更方便

测试环境

$ uname -a
Linux ubt20 5.4.0-91-generic #102-Ubuntu SMP Fri Nov 5 16:31:28 UTC 2021 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

暂时推荐用 adduser，这个命令做的东西比较多。
如果你使用useradd 甚至不会在 /home下新建该用户的用户目录。

root@ubt20:/home# ls
root@ubt20:/home# useradd test1
root@ubt20:/home# ls
root@ubt20:/home# adduser test2
Adding user `test2' ...
Adding new group `test2' (1002) ...
Adding new user `test2' (1002) with group `test2' ...
Creating home directory `/home/test2' ...
Copying files from `/etc/skel' ...
New password:
Retype new password:
passwd: password updated successfully
Changing the user information for test2
Enter the new value, or press ENTER for the defaultFull Name []: test2Room Number []:Work Phone []:Home Phone []:Other []:
Is the information correct? [Y/n] y
root@ubt20:/home# ls
test2
root@ubt20:/home#
root@ubt20:/home# which useradd
/usr/sbin/useradd
root@ubt20:/home# which adduser
/usr/sbin/adduser

区别

本质区别

/usr/sbin/useradd 是一个二进制程序(binary executable program)。
/usr/sbin/adduser 是一个perl脚本，它是基于useradd的，做了很多自动/有需求的工作(如创建用户目录)。

使用效果区别

\ useradd(可执行程序) adduser(perl脚本)
是否有交互输入输出 否 是
是否会创建用户home目录 否 是
默认shell /bin/sh /bin/bash 

root@ubt20:/opt# grep test /etc/passwd
test1:x:1001:1001::/home/test1:/bin/sh
test2:x:1002:1002:test2,,,:/home/test2:/bin/bash
root@ubt20:/opt#

adduser perl脚本内容

/usr/sbin/addusere

#!/usr/bin/perl# adduser: a utility to add users to the system
# addgroup: a utility to add groups to the system# Copyright (C) 1997, 1998, 1999 Guy Maor <maor@debian.org>
# Copyright (C) 1995 Ted Hajek <tedhajek@boombox.micro.umn.edu>
#                     Ian A. Murdock <imurdock@gnu.ai.mit.edu>
# Bugfixes and other improvements Roland Bauerschmidt <rb@debian.org>
# General scheme of the program adapted by the original debian 'adduser'
#  program by Ian A. Murdock <imurdock@gnu.ai.mit.edu>.
#
#    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
#    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
#    the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
#    (at your option) any later version.
#
#    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
#    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
#    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
#    GNU General Public License for more details.
#
#    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
#    along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
#    Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
#
#
####################
# See the usage subroutine for explanation about how the program can be called
####################use warnings;
use strict;
use Debian::AdduserCommon;
use Getopt::Long;my $version = "3.118ubuntu2";###################
# return valuesuse constant RET_OK => 0; # OK
use constant RET_OBJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS => 1; # the user or group does already exist, so the requested action cannot be performed
use constant RET_INVALID_CHARS_IN_NAME => 1; # the provided name contains invalid characters
use constant RET_ADDUSER_ABORTED => 1;  # the program was aborted (eg via Ctrl+C)
use constant RET_INVALID_CALL => 1; # getopt returned with "false"BEGIN {local $ENV{PERL_DL_NONLAZY}=1;eval 'use Locale::gettext';if ($@) {*gettext = sub { shift };*textdomain = sub { "" };*LC_MESSAGES = sub { 5 };}eval {require POSIX;import POSIX qw(setlocale);};if ($@) {*setlocale = sub { return 1 };}eval {require I18N::Langinfo;import I18N::Langinfo qw(langinfo YESEXPR NOEXPR);};if ($@) {*langinfo = sub { return shift; };*YESEXPR  = sub { "^[yY]" };*NOEXPR   = sub { "^[nN]" };}
}setlocale(LC_MESSAGES, "");
textdomain("adduser");
my $yesexpr = langinfo(YESEXPR());my %config;                     # configuration hashmy @defaults = ("/etc/adduser.conf");
my $nogroup_id = getgrnam("nogroup") || 65534;
$0 =~ s+.*/++;our $verbose = 1;               # should we be verbose?
my $allow_badname = 0;          # should we allow bad names?
my $ask_passwd = 1;             # ask for a passwd?
my $disabled_login = 0;         # leave the new account disabled?our $configfile = undef;
our $found_group_opt = undef;
our $found_sys_opt = undef;
our $ingroup_name = undef;
our $new_firstuid = undef;
our $new_gecos = undef;
our $new_gid = undef;
our $new_lastuid = undef;
our $new_uid = undef;
our $no_create_home = undef;
our $special_home = undef;
our $special_shell = undef;
our $add_extra_groups = 0;
our $use_extrausers = 0;
our $encrypt_home = undef;# Global variables we need later
my $existing_user = undef;
my $existing_group = undef;
my $new_name = undef;
my $make_group_also = 0;
my $home_dir = undef;
my $undohome = undef;
my $undouser = undef;
my $undogroup = undef;
my $shell = undef;
my $first_uid = undef;
my $last_uid = undef;
my $dir_mode = undef;
my $perm = undef;our @names;# Parse options, sanity checks
unless ( GetOptions ("quiet|q" => sub { $verbose = 0 },"force-badname" => \$allow_badname,"help|h" => sub { &usage(); exit RET_OK },"version|v" => sub { &version(); exit RET_OK },"system" => \$found_sys_opt,"group" => \$found_group_opt,"ingroup=s" => \$ingroup_name,"home=s" => \$special_home,"gecos=s" => \$new_gecos,"shell=s" => \$special_shell,"disabled-password" => sub { $ask_passwd = 0 },"disabled-login" => sub { $disabled_login = 1; $ask_passwd = 0 },"uid=i" => \$new_uid,"firstuid=i" => \$new_firstuid,"lastuid=i" => \$new_lastuid,"gid=i" => \$new_gid,"conf=s" => \$configfile,"no-create-home" => \$no_create_home,"encrypt-home" => \$encrypt_home,"add_extra_groups" => \$add_extra_groups,"extrausers" => \$use_extrausers,"debug" => sub { $verbose = 2 } ) ) {&usage();exit RET_INVALID_CALL;
}# everyone can issue "--help" and "--version", but only root can go on
dief (gtx("Only root may add a user or group to the system.\n")) if ($> != 0);if( defined($configfile) ) { @defaults = ($configfile); }# detect the right mode
my $action = $0 eq "addgroup" ? "addgroup" : "adduser";
if (defined($found_sys_opt)) {$action = "addsysuser" if ($action eq "adduser");$action = "addsysgroup" if ($action eq "addgroup");
}# explicitly set PATH, because super (1) cleans up the path and makes adduser unusable;
# this is also a good idea for sudo (which doesn't clean up)
$ENV{"PATH"}="/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin";
$ENV{"IFS"}=" \t\n";############################
# checks related to @names #
############################while (defined(my $arg = shift(@ARGV))) {push (@names, $arg);
}if ( (! defined $names[0]) || length($names[0]) == 0 || @names > 2) {dief (gtx("Only one or two names allowed.\n"));
}if (@names == 2) {      # must be addusertogroupdief (gtx("Specify only one name in this mode.\n"))if ($action eq "addsysuser" || $found_group_opt);$action = "addusertogroup";$existing_user = shift (@names);$existing_group = shift (@names);
}
else { # 1 parameter, must be adduser$new_name = shift (@names);
}###################################
# check for consistent parameters #
###################################if ($action ne "addgroup" &&defined($found_group_opt) +defined($ingroup_name) +defined($new_gid) > 1 ) {dief (gtx("The --group, --ingroup, and --gid options are mutually exclusive.\n"));
}if ((defined($special_home)) && ($special_home !~ m+^/+ )) {dief (gtx("The home dir must be an absolute path.\n"));
}if (defined($special_home) && $verbose) {printf gtx("Warning: The home dir %s you specified already exists.\n"),$special_homeif (!defined($no_create_home) && -d $special_home);printf gtx("Warning: The home dir %s you specified can't be accessed: %s\n"), $special_home, $!if (defined($no_create_home) && ! -d $special_home);
}if ($found_group_opt) {if ($action eq "addsysuser") {$make_group_also = 1;}elsif ($found_sys_opt) {$action = "addsysgroup";}else {$action = "addgroup";}
}my $ecryptfs_setup_private;
if (defined($encrypt_home)) {$ecryptfs_setup_private = &which('ecryptfs-setup-private');
}$ENV{"VERBOSE"} = $verbose;
$ENV{"DEBUG"}   = $verbose;# preseed configuration data and then read the config file
preseed_config(\@defaults,\%config);&checkname($new_name, $found_sys_opt) if defined $new_name;
$SIG{'INT'} = $SIG{'QUIT'} = $SIG{'HUP'} = 'handler';#####
# OK, we've processed the arguments.  $action equals one of the following,
# and the appropriate variables have been set:
#
# $action = "adduser"
#    $new_name                - the name of the new user.
#    $ingroup_name | $new_gid - the group to add the user to
#    $special_home, $new_uid, $new_gecos - optional overrides
# $action = "addgroup"
#    $new_name                - the name of the new group
#    $new_gid                 - optional override
# $action = "addsysgroup"
#    $new_name                - the name of the new group
#    $new_gid                 - optional override
# $action = "addsysuser"
#    $new_name                - the name of the new user
#    $make_group_also | $ingroup_name | $new_gid | 0  - which group
#    $special_home, $new_uid, $new_gecos - optional overrides
# $action = "addusertogroup"
#    $existing_user           - the user to be added
#    $existing_group          - the group to add her to
######################
## addsysgroup ##
#################
if ($action eq "addsysgroup") {# Check if requested group already exists and we can exit safelymy $ret = existing_group_ok($new_name, $new_gid);if ($ret == 3) {print STDERR "$0: " if $verbose;printf STDERR (gtx("The group `%s' already exists as a system group. Exiting.\n"), $new_name) if $verbose;exit RET_OK;}if ($ret == 1) {print STDERR "$0: " if $verbose;printf STDERR (gtx("The group `%s' already exists and is not a system group. Exiting.\n"), $new_name);exit RET_OBJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS;}if ($ret == 2) {print STDERR "$0: " if $verbose;printf STDERR (gtx("The group `%s' already exists, but has a different GID. Exiting.\n"), $new_name);exit RET_OBJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS;}dief (gtx("The GID `%s' is already in use.\n"),$new_gid)if (defined($new_gid) && defined(getgrgid($new_gid)));if (!defined($new_gid)) {$new_gid = &first_avail_gid($config{"first_system_gid"},$config{"last_system_gid"});if ($new_gid == -1) {print STDERR "$0: ";printf STDERR gtx("No GID is available in the range %d-%d (FIRST_SYS_GID - LAST_SYS_GID).\n"),$config{"first_system_gid"},$co
nfig{"last_system_gid"};dief (gtx("The group `%s' was not created.\n"),$new_name);}}printf (gtx("Adding group `%s' (GID %d) ...\n"),$new_name,$new_gid) if $verbose;&invalidate_nscd("group");my $groupadd = &which('groupadd');if ( ($use_extrausers) || ($config{"use_extrausers"}) ) {&systemcall($groupadd, '--extrausers', '-g', $new_gid, $new_name);} else {&systemcall($groupadd, '-g', $new_gid, $new_name);}&invalidate_nscd("group");print (gtx("Done.\n")) if $verbose;exit RET_OK;
}##############
## addgroup ##
##############
if ($action eq "addgroup") {dief (gtx("The group `%s' already exists.\n"),$new_name)if (defined getgrnam($new_name));dief (gtx("The GID `%s' is already in use.\n"),$new_gid)if (defined($new_gid) && defined(getgrgid($new_gid)));if (!defined($new_gid)) {$new_gid = &first_avail_gid($config{"first_gid"},$config{"last_gid"});if ($new_gid == -1) {print STDERR "$0: ";printf STDERR gtx("No GID is available in the range %d-%d (FIRST_GID - LAST_GID).\n"),$config{"first_gid"},$config{"last_gid"
};dief (gtx("The group `%s' was not created.\n"),$new_name);}}printf (gtx("Adding group `%s' (GID %d) ...\n"),$new_name,$new_gid) if $verbose;&invalidate_nscd("group");my $groupadd = &which('groupadd');if ( ($use_extrausers) || ($config{"use_extrausers"}) ) {&systemcall($groupadd, '--extrausers', '-g', $new_gid, $new_name);} else {&systemcall($groupadd, '-g', $new_gid, $new_name);}&invalidate_nscd("group");print (gtx("Done.\n")) if $verbose;exit RET_OK;
}####################
## addusertogroup ##
####################
if ($action eq "addusertogroup") {dief (gtx("The user `%s' does not exist.\n"),$existing_user)if (!defined getpwnam($existing_user));dief (gtx("The group `%s' does not exist.\n"),$existing_group)if (!defined getgrnam($existing_group));if (&user_is_member($existing_user, $existing_group)) {printf gtx("The user `%s' is already a member of `%s'.\n"),$existing_user,$existing_group if $verbose;exit RET_OK;            # not really an error}printf gtx("Adding user `%s' to group `%s' ...\n"),$existing_user,$existing_groupif $verbose;&invalidate_nscd();my $gpasswd = &which('gpasswd');&systemcall($gpasswd, '-a',$existing_user,$existing_group);&invalidate_nscd();print (gtx("Done.\n")) if $verbose;exit RET_OK;
}################
## addsysuser ##
################
if ($action eq "addsysuser") {if (existing_user_ok($new_name, $new_uid) == 1) {# a user with this name already exists; it's a problem when it's not a system usermy $tmp_u = getpwnam($new_name);if (($tmp_u >= $config{"first_system_uid"}) and ($tmp_u <= $config{"last_system_uid"})) {printf (gtx("The system user `%s' already exists. Exiting.\n"), $new_name) if $verbose;exit RET_OK}warnf (gtx("The user `%s' already exists, but is not a system user. Exiting.\n"), $new_name);exit RET_OBJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS;}if (existing_user_ok($new_name, $new_uid) == 2) {warnf (gtx("The user `%s' already exists with a different UID. Exiting.\n"), $new_name);exit RET_OBJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS;}if (!$ingroup_name && !defined($new_gid) && !$make_group_also) {$new_gid = $nogroup_id;}check_user_group(1);if (!defined($new_uid) && $make_group_also) {$new_uid = &first_avail_uid($config{"first_system_uid"},$config{"last_system_uid"});if ($new_uid == -1) {print STDERR "$0: ";printf STDERR gtx("No UID/GID pair is available in the range %d-%d (FIRST_SYS_UID - LAST_SYS_UID).\n"),$config{"first_system_
uid"},$config{"last_system_uid"};dief (gtx("The user `%s' was not created.\n"),$new_name);}$new_gid = &first_avail_gid($config{"first_system_gid"},$config{"last_system_gid"});$ingroup_name = $new_name;}elsif (!defined($new_uid) && !$make_group_also) {$new_uid = &first_avail_uid($config{"first_system_uid"},$config{"last_system_uid"});if ($new_uid == -1) {print STDERR "$0: ";printf STDERR gtx("No UID is available in the range %d-%d (FIRST_SYS_UID - LAST_SYS_UID).\n"),$config{"first_system_uid"},$co
nfig{"last_system_uid"};dief (gtx("The user `%s' was not created.\n"),$new_name);}if (defined($new_gid)) { $ingroup_name = getgrgid($new_gid); }elsif ($ingroup_name) { $new_gid = getgrnam($ingroup_name); }else { dief (gtx("Internal error")); }}else {if (defined($new_gid)) { $ingroup_name = getgrgid($new_gid); }elsif ($ingroup_name) { $new_gid = getgrnam($ingroup_name); }elsif ($make_group_also){ $new_gid=$new_uid; $ingroup_name=$new_name; }else { dief (gtx("Internal error")); }}printf (gtx("Adding system user `%s' (UID %d) ...\n"),$new_name,$new_uid) if $verbose;&invalidate_nscd();# if we reach this point, and the group does already exist, we can use it.if ($make_group_also && !getgrnam($new_name)) {printf (gtx("Adding new group `%s' (GID %d) ...\n"),$new_name,$new_gid) if $verbose;$undogroup = $new_name;my $groupadd = &which('groupadd');if ( ($use_extrausers) || ($config{"use_extrausers"}) ) {&systemcall($groupadd, '--extrausers', '-g', $new_gid, $new_name);} else {&systemcall($groupadd, '-g', $new_gid, $new_name);}&invalidate_nscd("group");}printf gtx("Adding new user `%s' (UID %d) with group `%s' ...\n"),$new_name,$new_uid,$ingroup_nameif $verbose;$home_dir = $special_home || &homedir($new_name, $ingroup_name);$shell = $special_shell || '/usr/sbin/nologin';$undouser = $new_name;my $useradd = &which('useradd');if ( ($use_extrausers) || ($config{"use_extrausers"}) ) {&systemcall($useradd, '--extrausers', '-d', $home_dir, '-g', $ingroup_name, '-s',$shell, '-u', $new_uid, $new_name);} else {&systemcall($useradd, '-d', $home_dir, '-g', $ingroup_name, '-s',$shell, '-u', $new_uid, $new_name);}if(!$disabled_login) {my $usermod = &which('usermod');&systemcall($usermod, '-p', '*', $new_name);}my $chage = &which('chage');print "$chage -M 99999 $new_name\n" if ($verbose > 1);# do _not_ use systemcall() here, since systemcall() dies on# non-zero exit code and we need to do special handling here!if (system($chage, '-M', '99999', $new_name)) {if( ($?>>8) ne 15 ) {&cleanup(sprintf((gtx("`%s' returned error code %d. Exiting.\n")), "$chage -M 99999 $new_name", $?>>8))if ($?>>8);&cleanup(sprintf((gtx("`%s' exited from signal %d. Exiting.\n")), "$chage -M 99999 $new_name", $?&255));} else {printf STDERR (gtx("%s failed with return code 15, shadow not enabled, password aging cannot be set. Continuing.\n"), $chage)
;}}&invalidate_nscd();if(defined($new_gecos)) {&ch_gecos($new_gecos);}create_homedir (0);exit RET_OK;
}#############
## adduser ##
#############
if ($action eq "adduser") {if (!$ingroup_name && !defined($new_gid)) {if ($config{"usergroups"} =~  /yes/i) { $make_group_also = 1; }else { $new_gid = $config{"users_gid"}; }}check_user_group(0);$first_uid = $new_firstuid || $config{"first_uid"};$last_uid = $new_lastuid || $config{"last_uid"};printf (gtx("Adding user `%s' ...\n"),$new_name) if $verbose;if (!defined($new_uid) && $make_group_also) {$new_uid = &first_avail_uid($first_uid,$last_uid);if ($new_uid == -1) {print STDERR "$0: ";printf STDERR gtx("No UID/GID pair is available in the range %d-%d (FIRST_UID - LAST_UID).\n"),$first_uid,$last_uid;dief (gtx("The user `%s' was not created.\n"),$new_name);}$new_gid = &first_avail_gid($config{"first_gid"},$config{"last_gid"});$ingroup_name = $new_name;}elsif (!defined($new_uid) && !$make_group_also) {$new_uid = &first_avail_uid($first_uid,$last_uid);if ($new_uid == -1) {print STDERR "$0: ";printf STDERR gtx("No UID is available in the range %d-%d (FIRST_UID - LAST_UID).\n"),$config{"first_uid"},$config{"last_uid"
};dief (gtx("The user `%s' was not created.\n"),$new_name);}if (defined($new_gid)) { $ingroup_name = getgrgid($new_gid); }elsif ($ingroup_name) { $new_gid = getgrnam($ingroup_name); }else { dief (gtx("Internal error")); }}else {if (defined($new_gid)) { $ingroup_name = getgrgid($new_gid); }elsif ($ingroup_name) { $new_gid = getgrnam($ingroup_name); }elsif ($make_group_also){ $new_gid=$new_uid; $ingroup_name=$new_name; }else { dief (gtx("Internal error")); }}&invalidate_nscd();if ($make_group_also) {printf (gtx("Adding new group `%s' (%d) ...\n"),$new_name,$new_gid) if $verbose;$undogroup = $new_name;my $groupadd = &which('groupadd');if ( ($use_extrausers) || ($config{"use_extrausers"}) ) {&systemcall($groupadd, '--extrausers', '-g', $new_gid, $new_name);} else {&systemcall($groupadd, '-g', $new_gid, $new_name);}&invalidate_nscd();}printf gtx("Adding new user `%s' (%d) with group `%s' ...\n"),$new_name,$new_uid,$ingroup_nameif $verbose;$home_dir = $special_home || &homedir($new_name, $ingroup_name);$shell = $special_shell || $config{"dshell"};$undouser = $new_name;my $useradd = &which('useradd');if ( ($use_extrausers) || ($config{"use_extrausers"}) ) {&systemcall($useradd, '--extrausers', '-d', $home_dir, '-g', $ingroup_name, '-s',$shell, '-u', $new_uid, $new_name);} else {&systemcall($useradd, '-d', $home_dir, '-g', $ingroup_name, '-s',$shell, '-u', $new_uid, $new_name);}&invalidate_nscd();create_homedir (1); # copy skeleton data# useradd without -p has left the account disabled (password string is '!')my $yesexpr = langinfo(YESEXPR());if ($ask_passwd) {for (;;) {my $passwd = &which('passwd');# do _not_ use systemcall() here, since systemcall() dies on# non-zero exit code and we need to do special handling here!system($passwd, $new_name);my $ok = $?>>8;if ($ok != 0) {my $answer;# hm, error, should we break now?print (gtx("Permission denied\n")) if ($ok == 1);print (gtx("invalid combination of options\n")) if ($ok == 2);print (gtx("unexpected failure, nothing done\n")) if ($ok == 3);print (gtx("unexpected failure, passwd file missing\n")) if ($ok == 4);print (gtx("passwd file busy, try again\n")) if ($ok == 5);print (gtx("invalid argument to option\n")) if ($ok == 6);# Translators: [y/N] has to be replaced by values defined in your# locale.  You can see by running "locale noexpr" which regular# expression will be checked to find positive answer.print (gtx("Try again? [y/N] "));chop ($answer=<STDIN>);last if ($answer !~ m/$yesexpr/o);}else {last; ## passwd ok}}} else {if(!$disabled_login) {my $usermod = &which('usermod');&systemcall($usermod, '-p', '*', $new_name);}}if (defined($new_gecos)) {&ch_gecos($new_gecos);}else {my $noexpr = langinfo(NOEXPR());for (;;) {my $chfn = &which('chfn');if ( ($use_extrausers) || ($config{"use_extrausers"}) ) {&systemcall($chfn, '--extrausers', $new_name);} else {&systemcall($chfn, $new_name);}# Translators: [y/N] has to be replaced by values defined in your# locale.  You can see by running "locale yesexpr" which regular# expression will be checked to find positive answer.print (gtx("Is the information correct? [Y/n] "));chop (my $answer=<STDIN>);last if ($answer !~ m/$noexpr/o);}}if ( ( $add_extra_groups || $config{"add_extra_groups"} ) && defined($config{"extra_groups"}) ) {printf (gtx("Adding new user `%s' to extra groups ...\n"), $new_name);foreach my $newgrp ( split ' ', $config{"extra_groups"} ) {if (!defined getgrnam($newgrp)) {warnf (gtx("The group `%s' does not exist.\n"),$newgrp);next;}if (&user_is_member($new_name, $newgrp)) {printf gtx("The user `%s' is already a member of `%s'.\n"),$new_name,$newgrp if $verbose;next;}printf gtx("Adding user `%s' to group `%s' ...\n"),$new_name,$newgrpif $verbose;&invalidate_nscd();my $gpasswd = &which('gpasswd');&systemcall($gpasswd, '-M',join(',', get_group_members($newgrp), $new_name),$newgrp);&invalidate_nscd();}}if ($config{"quotauser"}) {printf (gtx("Setting quota for user `%s' to values of user `%s' ...\n"), $new_name, $config{quotauser});my $edquota = &which('edquota');&systemcall($edquota, '-p', $config{quotauser}, $new_name);}&systemcall('/usr/local/sbin/adduser.local', $new_name, $new_uid,$new_gid, $home_dir) if (-x "/usr/local/sbin/adduser.local");exit RET_OK;
}#
# we never go here
## calculate home directory
sub homedir {my $dir = $config{"dhome"};$dir .= '/' . $_[1] if ($config{"grouphomes"} =~ /yes/i);$dir .= '/' . substr($_[0],0,1) if ($config{"letterhomes"} =~ /yes/i);$dir .= '/' . $_[0];return $dir;
}# create_homedir -- create the homedirectory
# parameter
#   1: $copy_skeleton:
#     if 0  -> don't copy the skeleton data
#     if 1  -> copy the files in /etc/skel to the newly created home directory
# return values:
#   none
sub create_homedir {my ($copy_skeleton) = @_;if ($no_create_home) {printf gtx("Not creating home directory `%s'.\n"), $home_dir if $verbose;}elsif (-e $home_dir) {printf gtx("The home directory `%s' already exists.  Not copying from `%s'.\n"),$home_dir,$config{skel} if $verbose && !$no_create_home;my @homedir_stat = stat($home_dir);my $home_uid = $homedir_stat[4];my $home_gid = $homedir_stat[5];if (($home_uid != $new_uid) || ($home_gid != $new_gid)) {warnf gtx("Warning: The home directory `%s' does not belong to the user you are currently creating.\n"), $home_dir;}undef @homedir_stat; undef $home_uid; undef $home_gid;}else {printf gtx("Creating home directory `%s' ...\n"),$home_dir if $verbose;$undohome = $home_dir;&mktree($home_dir) || &cleanup(sprintf(gtx("Couldn't create home directory `%s': %s.\n"), $home_dir, $!));chown($new_uid, $new_gid, $home_dir)|| &cleanup("chown $new_uid:$new_gid $home_dir: $!\n");$dir_mode = get_dir_mode($make_group_also);chmod ($dir_mode, $home_dir) ||&cleanup("chmod $dir_mode $home_dir: $!\n");if ($action eq "adduser") {# Mute the commandsystem('sh' => ( '-c' => '"$@" >/dev/null 2>&1', '--', '/usr/sbin/zsysctl', 'userdata', 'create', $new_name, $home_dir,));chown($new_uid, $new_gid, $home_dir)|| &cleanup("chown $new_uid:$new_gid $home_dir: $!\n");$dir_mode = get_dir_mode($make_group_also);chmod ($dir_mode, $home_dir) ||&cleanup("chmod $dir_mode $home_dir: $!\n");}if (defined($encrypt_home)) {printf gtx("Setting up encryption ...\n") if $verbose;&systemcall($ecryptfs_setup_private, '-b', '-u', $new_name);}if ($config{"skel"} && $copy_skeleton) {printf gtx("Copying files from `%s' ...\n"),$config{skel} if $verbose;open(my $FIND, "cd $config{skel}; find .  -print |")|| &cleanup(sprintf(gtx("fork for `find' failed: %s\n"), $!));while (<$FIND>) {chop;next if ($_ eq ".");next if ($_ =~ qr/$config{skel_ignore_regex}/ );&copy_to_dir($config{"skel"}, $_, $home_dir, $new_uid,$new_gid, ($config{"setgid_home"} =~ /yes/i));}}if (defined($encrypt_home)) {&systemcall("/bin/umount", $home_dir);}}
}# mktree: create a directory and all parent directories, we don't care about the rights and so on
# parameters:
#   tree: the path
# return values:
#   none
sub mktree {my($tree) = @_;my($done, @path);my $default_dir_mode = 0755;$tree =~ s:^/*(.*)/*$:$1:; # chop off leading & trailing slashes@path = split(/\//, $tree);$done = "";while (@path) {$done .= '/' . shift(@path);-d $done || mkdir($done, $default_dir_mode) || return 0;}return 1;
}# existing_user_ok: check if there's already a user present on the system which satisfies the requirements
# parameter:
#   new_name: the name of the user to check
#   new_uid : the UID of the user
# return values:
#   0 if the the user doesn't exist
#   1 if the user already exists with the specified uid (or $new_uid wasn't specified)
#   2 if the user already exists, but $new_uid doesn't matches its uid
sub existing_user_ok {my($new_name,$new_uid) = @_;my ($dummy1,$dummy2,$uid);if (($dummy1,$dummy2,$uid) = getpwnam($new_name)) {if( defined($new_uid) && $uid == $new_uid ) {return 1;}if (! defined($new_uid)) {return 1;}# TODO: do we really need this code? Range check shouldn't performed hereif( $uid >= $config{"first_system_uid"} &&$uid <= $config{"last_system_uid" } ) {return 2;}} else {return 0;}
}# existing_group_ok: check if there's already a group which satiesfies the requirements
# parameter:
#   new_name: the name of the group
#   new_gid : the UID of the group
# return values:
#   0 if the group doesn't exist
#   1 if the group already exists with the specified gid (or $new_gid wasn't specified)
#   2 if the group already exists, but $new_gid doesn't match its gid
#   3 if the group already exists inside the system range
sub existing_group_ok {my($new_name,$new_gid) = @_;my ($dummy1,$dummy2,$gid);if (($dummy1,$dummy2,$gid) = getgrnam($new_name)) {# TODO: is this check required? There shouldn't be any gid outside of our allowed range anyways ...if( $gid >= $config{"first_system_gid"} &&$gid <= $config{"last_system_gid" } ) {return 3;}if (! defined($new_gid)) {return 1;}if ($gid == $new_gid) {return 1;} else {return 2;}} else {return 0;}
}# check_user_group: ???
# parameters:
#   system: 0 if the user isn't a system user, 1 otherwise
# return values:
#
sub check_user_group {my ($system) = @_;if( !$system || !existing_user_ok($new_name, $new_uid) ) {if( defined getpwnam($new_name) ) {if( $system ) {dief (gtx("The user `%s' already exists, and is not a system user.\n"),$new_name);} else {dief (gtx("The user `%s' already exists.\n"),$new_name);}}dief (gtx("The UID %d is already in use.\n"),$new_uid)if (defined($new_uid) && getpwuid($new_uid));}if ($make_group_also) {if( !$system || !existing_group_ok($new_name, $new_uid) ) {dief (gtx("The group `%s' already exists.\n"),$new_name)if (defined getgrnam($new_name));dief (gtx("The GID %d is already in use.\n"),$new_uid)if (defined($new_uid) && defined(getgrgid($new_uid)));}}else {dief (gtx("The group `%s' does not exist.\n"),$ingroup_name)if ($ingroup_name && !defined(getgrnam($ingroup_name)));dief (gtx("The GID %d does not exist.\n"),$new_gid)if (defined($new_gid) && !defined(getgrgid($new_gid)));}
}# copy_to_dir :
# parameters:
#   fromdir
#   file
#   todir
#   newi
#   newg
#   sgiddir
# return values:
#   none
sub copy_to_dir {my($fromdir, $file, $todir, $newu, $newg, $sgiddir) = @_;if (-l "$fromdir/$file") {my $target=readlink("$fromdir/$file") or &cleanup("readlink: $!\n");my $curgid="$)";my $curuid="$>";my $error="";$)="$newg";$>="$newu";symlink("$target", "$todir/$file") or $error="$!";$>="$curuid";$)="$curgid";if( "$error" ne "" ) {&cleanup("symlink: $!\n");}return;}elsif (-f "$fromdir/$file") {open (FILE, "$fromdir/$file") || &cleanup("open $fromdir/$file: $!");open (NEWFILE, ">$todir/$file") || &cleanup("open >$todir/$file: $!");(print NEWFILE <FILE>) || &cleanup("print $todir/$file: $!");close FILE;close(NEWFILE)  || &cleanup("close $todir/$file ");}elsif (-d "$fromdir/$file") {mkdir("$todir/$file", 700) || &cleanup("mkdir: $!");}else {&cleanup(sprintf((gtx("Cannot deal with %s.\nIt is not a dir, file, or symlink.\n")), "$fromdir/$file"));}chown($newu, $newg, "$todir/$file")|| &cleanup("chown $newu:$newg $todir/$file: $!\n");$perm = (stat("$fromdir/$file"))[2] & 07777;$perm |= 02000 if (-d "$fromdir/$file" && ($perm & 010) && $sgiddir);chmod($perm, "$todir/$file") || &cleanup("chmod $todir/$file: $!\n");
}# checkname: perform some sanity checks
# parameters:
#   name: the name to check
#   system: 0 if the user isn't a system user, 1 otherwise
# return values:
#   none (exits on error)
sub checkname {my ($name, $system) = @_;if ($name !~ /^[_.A-Za-z0-9][-\@_.A-Za-z0-9]*\$?$/) {printf STDERR
(gtx("%s: To avoid problems, the username should consist only of
letters, digits, underscores, periods, at signs and dashes, and not start with
a dash (as defined by IEEE Std 1003.1-2001). For compatibility with Samba
machine accounts \$ is also supported at the end of the username\n"), $0);exit RET_INVALID_CHARS_IN_NAME;;}if ($system? $name !~ qr/$config{"name_regex_system"}/: $name !~ qr/$config{"name_regex"}/) {if ($allow_badname) {print (gtx("Allowing use of questionable username.\n")) if ($verbose);}else {printf STDERR
(gtx("%s: Please enter a username matching the regular expression configured
via the NAME_REGEX[_SYSTEM] configuration variable.  Use the `--force-badname'
option to relax this check or reconfigure NAME_REGEX.\n"), $0);exit RET_INVALID_CHARS_IN_NAME;}}
}# first_avail_uid: return the first available uid in given range
# parameters:
#   min, max: the range
# return values:
#   -1 if no free uid is available
#  otherwise the choosen uid
sub first_avail_uid {my ($min, $max) = @_;printf (gtx("Selecting UID from range %d to %d ...\n"),$min,$max) if ($verbose > 1);my $t = $min;while ($t <= $max) {return $t if (!defined(getpwuid($t)));$t++;}return -1; # nothing available
}# first_avail_gid: return the first available gid in given range
# parameters:
#   min, max: the range
# return values:
#   -1 if no free gid is available
#   otherwise the choosen gid
sub first_avail_gid {my ($min, $max) = @_;printf (gtx("Selecting GID from range %d to %d ...\n"),$min,$max) if ($verbose > 1);my $t = $min;while ($t <= $max) {return $t if (!defined(getgrgid($t)));$t++;}return -1; # nothing available
}sub ch_gecos {my $chfn = &which('chfn');my $gecos = shift;if($gecos =~ /,/){my($gecos_name,$gecos_room,$gecos_work,$gecos_home,$gecos_other)= split(/,/,$gecos);if ( ($use_extrausers) || ($config{"use_extrausers"}) ) {&systemcall($chfn, '--extrausers', '-f', $gecos_name, '-r', $gecos_room, $new_name);&systemcall($chfn,'--extrausers','-w',$gecos_work,$new_name)if(defined($gecos_work));&systemcall($chfn,'--extrausers','-h',$gecos_home,$new_name)if(defined($gecos_home));&systemcall($chfn,'--extrausers','-o',$gecos_other,$new_name)if(defined($gecos_other));} else {&systemcall($chfn, '-f', $gecos_name, '-r', $gecos_room, $new_name);&systemcall($chfn,'-w',$gecos_work,$new_name)if(defined($gecos_work));&systemcall($chfn,'-h',$gecos_home,$new_name)if(defined($gecos_home));&systemcall($chfn,'-o',$gecos_other,$new_name)if(defined($gecos_other));}}else{if ( ($use_extrausers) || ($config{"use_extrausers"}) ) {&systemcall($chfn, '--extrausers', '-f', $gecos, $new_name);} else {&systemcall($chfn, '-f', $gecos, $new_name);}}
}# user is member of group?
sub user_is_member {my($user, $group) = @_;for (split(/ /, (getgrnam($group))[3])) {return 1 if ($user eq $_);}return 0;
}sub cleanup {my ($msg) = @_;printf (gtx("Stopped: %s\n"),$msg);if ($undohome) {printf (gtx("Removing directory `%s' ...\n"),$undohome);&systemcall('rm', '-rf', $undohome);}if ($undouser) {printf (gtx("Removing user `%s' ...\n"),$undouser);&systemcall('userdel', $undouser);}if ($undogroup) {printf (gtx("Removing group `%s' ...\n"),$undogroup);&systemcall('groupdel', $undogroup);}# do we need to invalidate the nscd cache here, too?exit RET_ADDUSER_ABORTED;
}sub handler {my($sig) = @_;# Translators: the variable %s is INT, QUIT, or HUP.# Please do not insert a space character between SIG and %s.&cleanup(sprintf(gtx("Caught a SIG%s.\n"), $sig));
}sub version {printf (gtx("adduser version %s\n\n"), $version);print gtx("Adds a user or group to the system.Copyright (C) 1997, 1998, 1999 Guy Maor <maor\@debian.org>
Copyright (C) 1995 Ian Murdock <imurdock\@gnu.ai.mit.edu>,Ted Hajek <tedhajek\@boombox.micro.umn.edu>
\n");print gtx(
"This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at
your option) any later version.This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
General Public License, /usr/share/common-licenses/GPL, for more details.
");
}sub usage {printf gtx(
"adduser [--home DIR] [--shell SHELL] [--no-create-home] [--uid ID]
[--firstuid ID] [--lastuid ID] [--gecos GECOS] [--ingroup GROUP | --gid ID]
[--disabled-password] [--disabled-login] [--add_extra_groups]
[--encrypt-home] USERAdd a normal useradduser --system [--home DIR] [--shell SHELL] [--no-create-home] [--uid ID]
[--gecos GECOS] [--group | --ingroup GROUP | --gid ID] [--disabled-password]
[--disabled-login] [--add_extra_groups] USERAdd a system useradduser --group [--gid ID] GROUP
addgroup [--gid ID] GROUPAdd a user groupaddgroup --system [--gid ID] GROUPAdd a system groupadduser USER GROUPAdd an existing user to an existing groupgeneral options:--quiet | -q      don't give process information to stdout--force-badname   allow usernames which do not match theNAME_REGEX[_SYSTEM] configuration variable--extrausers      uses extra users as the database--help | -h       usage message--version | -v    version number and copyright--conf | -c FILE  use FILE as configuration file\n\n");
}sub get_dir_mode{my $setgid = shift;# no longer make home directories setgid per default (closes: #64806)$setgid = 0 unless $config{"setgid_home"} =~  /yes/i;my $dir_mode = $config{"dir_mode"};if(!defined($dir_mode) || ! ($dir_mode =~ /[0-7]{3}/ ||$dir_mode =~ /[0-7]{4}/)){$dir_mode = $setgid ? 2755 : 0755;}else{$dir_mode = $config{"dir_mode"};if($setgid && (length($dir_mode) == 3 || $dir_mode =~ /^[0-1|4-5][0-7]{3}$/)){$dir_mode += 2000;}}return oct($dir_mode);}# Local Variables:
# mode:cperl
# cperl-indent-level:4
# End:# vim:set ai et sts=4 sw=4 tw=0:

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