mysql报错系列持续整理1064 - You have an error in your SQL syntax；...near...

前言

怎么又是这个错，感觉似曾相识之前遇到过多次了。是的这就是mysql语句报错1064 - You have an error in your SQL 。syntax;...near...感觉每次不管什么原因，都是报的类似错误呢。。。

本文旨在整理开发过程中遇到的类似的错误，并持续更新。

1.新建表时报错

1064 - You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near ') ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COMMENT='用户作品表'' at line 15

建表语句如下：

CREATE TABLE `user_work`` (`id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '自增主键',`is_deleted` tinyint(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '是否删除 0-未删除 1-删除',`gmt_create` datetime NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP COMMENT '创建时间',`gmt_modify` datetime NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP COMMENT '修改时间',`version` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP COMMENT '版本号',`user_name` int(2) NOT NULL,`sex` varchar(32) NOT NULL,`code` bigint(20) NOT NULL,`lesson_id` bigint(20) NOT NULL,`work_id` bigint(20) NOT NULL,`grade` bigint(20) NOT NULL,PRIMARY KEY (`id`),KEY `fk_userId` (`pin`) USING BTREE,KEY `fk_work_id` (`lesson_time_id`) USING BTREE,
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COMMENT='用户作业';

原因：mysql语句错误，14行末尾多了个逗号，去掉即可。

2.mysql保留关键字报错 ERROR 1064 (42000)

执行语句：

select * from answer where analyze = '真棒'

报错：

ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'analyze = '真棒'' at line 1

解决方法：
1、若使用了mysql的保留字，需要将其用反引号引起来。
mysql> select * from cfg_parameter where `analyze`='真棒';

2、项目中用的数据库插件可能是自动生成代码，简化了手写，这样的话生成的sql关键字无法带引号。建议不要在创建表的过程中使用mysql保留字，避免后期造成麻烦。

mysql保留关键字列表：

mysql保留关键字

现在使用navicat图形界面或者Hibernate做映射生成表的时候，渐渐的会忽视掉关键字这个问题，而后续也会不断的产生错误提示，一遍遍的查询代码无果，甚至开始怀疑人生，但是其实很多情况下只是使用了保留字而已，因此在设计数据库之初便要尽量的规避关键字和保留字。

但是这里要提一下的是mysql是支持使用关键字做字段名的，但是针对保留关键字是必须要加引用。mysql官网提供了三个例子是可以很好的说明这些的。

interval begin、end都是关键字，interval是保留关键字，因此会报错

mysql> CREATE TABLE interval (begin INT, end INT);
ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax ...
near 'interval (begin INT, end INT)'

当给interval加上引用''后便可以正确执行该sql语句，也不会报begin、end的错，因为这是mysql允许的，但是不推荐这个用法，谁知道升级之后会不会变成保留字。。。。。。

mysql> CREATE TABLE `interval` (begin INT, end INT);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

（这个可以略过，，，，，反正不推荐使用关键字做这些事，）还有一种情况——内置函数的名字，官网是这样说的：

Names of built-in functions are permitted as identifiers but may require care to be used as such

mysql> CREATE TABLE mydb.interval (begin INT, end INT);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

下面是最新版的mysql的关键字和保留字的表，可以在设计时多查一查，（R）是保留关键字

有些人可能还不明白关键字和保留字的区别，简单的说，关键字分两种：非保留和保留，保留关键字又有一个特殊类别叫未来保留。

mysql5.7官方文档地址：https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/keywords.html

Table 9.2 Keywords and Reserved Words in MySQL 5.7

ACCESSIBLE (R) ACCOUNT[a] ACTION

ADD (R) AFTER AGAINST

AGGREGATE ALGORITHM ALL (R)

ALTER (R) ALWAYS[b] ANALYSE

ANALYZE (R) AND (R) ANY

AS (R) ASC (R) ASCII

ASENSITIVE (R) AT AUTOEXTEND_SIZE

AUTO_INCREMENT AVG AVG_ROW_LENGTH

BACKUP BEFORE (R) BEGIN

BETWEEN (R) BIGINT (R) BINARY (R)

BINLOG BIT BLOB (R)

BLOCK BOOL BOOLEAN

BOTH (R) BTREE BY (R)

BYTE CACHE CALL (R)

CASCADE (R) CASCADED CASE (R)

CATALOG_NAME CHAIN CHANGE (R)

CHANGED CHANNEL[c] CHAR (R)

CHARACTER (R) CHARSET CHECK (R)

CHECKSUM CIPHER CLASS_ORIGIN

CLIENT CLOSE COALESCE

CODE COLLATE (R) COLLATION

COLUMN (R) COLUMNS COLUMN_FORMAT

COLUMN_NAME COMMENT COMMIT

COMMITTED COMPACT COMPLETION

COMPRESSED COMPRESSION[d] CONCURRENT

CONDITION (R) CONNECTION CONSISTENT

CONSTRAINT (R) CONSTRAINT_CATALOG CONSTRAINT_NAME

CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA CONTAINS CONTEXT

CONTINUE (R) CONVERT (R) CPU

CREATE (R) CROSS (R) CUBE

CURRENT CURRENT_DATE (R) CURRENT_TIME (R)

CURRENT_TIMESTAMP (R) CURRENT_USER (R) CURSOR (R)

CURSOR_NAME DATA DATABASE (R)

DATABASES (R) DATAFILE DATE

DATETIME DAY DAY_HOUR (R)

DAY_MICROSECOND (R) DAY_MINUTE (R) DAY_SECOND (R)

DEALLOCATE DEC (R) DECIMAL (R)

DECLARE (R) DEFAULT (R) DEFAULT_AUTH

DEFINER DELAYED (R) DELAY_KEY_WRITE

DELETE (R) DESC (R) DESCRIBE (R)

DES_KEY_FILE DETERMINISTIC (R) DIAGNOSTICS

DIRECTORY DISABLE DISCARD

DISK DISTINCT (R) DISTINCTROW (R)

DIV (R) DO DOUBLE (R)

DROP (R) DUAL (R) DUMPFILE

DUPLICATE DYNAMIC EACH (R)

ELSE (R) ELSEIF (R) ENABLE

ENCLOSED (R) ENCRYPTION[e] END

ENDS ENGINE ENGINES

ENUM ERROR ERRORS

ESCAPE ESCAPED (R) EVENT

EVENTS EVERY EXCHANGE

EXECUTE EXISTS (R) EXIT (R)

EXPANSION EXPIRE EXPLAIN (R)

EXPORT EXTENDED EXTENT_SIZE

FALSE (R) FAST FAULTS

FETCH (R) FIELDS FILE

FILE_BLOCK_SIZE[f] FILTER[g] FIRST

FIXED FLOAT (R) FLOAT4 (R)

FLOAT8 (R) FLUSH FOLLOWS[h]

FOR (R) FORCE (R) FOREIGN (R)

FORMAT FOUND FROM (R)

FULL FULLTEXT (R) FUNCTION

GENERAL GENERATED[i] (R) GEOMETRY

GEOMETRYCOLLECTION GET (R) GET_FORMAT

GLOBAL GRANT (R) GRANTS

GROUP (R) GROUP_REPLICATION[j] HANDLER

HASH HAVING (R) HELP

HIGH_PRIORITY (R) HOST HOSTS

HOUR HOUR_MICROSECOND (R) HOUR_MINUTE (R)

HOUR_SECOND (R) IDENTIFIED IF (R)

IGNORE (R) IGNORE_SERVER_IDS IMPORT

IN (R) INDEX (R) INDEXES

INFILE (R) INITIAL_SIZE INNER (R)

INOUT (R) INSENSITIVE (R) INSERT (R)

INSERT_METHOD INSTALL INSTANCE[k]

INT (R) INT1 (R) INT2 (R)

INT3 (R) INT4 (R) INT8 (R)

INTEGER (R) INTERVAL (R) INTO (R)

INVOKER IO IO_AFTER_GTIDS (R)

IO_BEFORE_GTIDS (R) IO_THREAD IPC

IS (R) ISOLATION ISSUER

ITERATE (R) JOIN (R) JSON[l]

KEY (R) KEYS (R) KEY_BLOCK_SIZE

KILL (R) LANGUAGE LAST

LEADING (R) LEAVE (R) LEAVES

LEFT (R) LESS LEVEL

LIKE (R) LIMIT (R) LINEAR (R)

LINES (R) LINESTRING LIST

LOAD (R) LOCAL LOCALTIME (R)

LOCALTIMESTAMP (R) LOCK (R) LOCKS

LOGFILE LOGS LONG (R)

LONGBLOB (R) LONGTEXT (R) LOOP (R)

LOW_PRIORITY (R) MASTER MASTER_AUTO_POSITION

MASTER_BIND (R) MASTER_CONNECT_RETRY MASTER_DELAY

MASTER_HEARTBEAT_PERIOD MASTER_HOST MASTER_LOG_FILE

MASTER_LOG_POS MASTER_PASSWORD MASTER_PORT

MASTER_RETRY_COUNT MASTER_SERVER_ID MASTER_SSL

MASTER_SSL_CA MASTER_SSL_CAPATH MASTER_SSL_CERT

MASTER_SSL_CIPHER MASTER_SSL_CRL MASTER_SSL_CRLPATH

MASTER_SSL_KEY MASTER_SSL_VERIFY_SERVER_CERT (R) MASTER_TLS_VERSION[m]

MASTER_USER MATCH (R) MAXVALUE (R)

MAX_CONNECTIONS_PER_HOUR MAX_QUERIES_PER_HOUR MAX_ROWS

MAX_SIZE MAX_STATEMENT_TIME[n] MAX_UPDATES_PER_HOUR

MAX_USER_CONNECTIONS MEDIUM MEDIUMBLOB (R)

MEDIUMINT (R) MEDIUMTEXT (R) MEMORY

MERGE MESSAGE_TEXT MICROSECOND

MIDDLEINT (R) MIGRATE MINUTE

MINUTE_MICROSECOND (R) MINUTE_SECOND (R) MIN_ROWS

MOD (R) MODE MODIFIES (R)

MODIFY MONTH MULTILINESTRING

MULTIPOINT MULTIPOLYGON MUTEX

MYSQL_ERRNO NAME NAMES

NATIONAL NATURAL (R) NCHAR

NDB NDBCLUSTER NEVER[o]

NEW NEXT NO

NODEGROUP NONBLOCKING[p] NONE

NOT (R) NO_WAIT NO_WRITE_TO_BINLOG (R)

NULL (R) NUMBER NUMERIC (R)

NVARCHAR OFFSET OLD_PASSWORD[q]

ON (R) ONE ONLY

OPEN OPTIMIZE (R) OPTIMIZER_COSTS[r] (R)

OPTION (R) OPTIONALLY (R) OPTIONS

OR (R) ORDER (R) OUT (R)

OUTER (R) OUTFILE (R) OWNER

PACK_KEYS PAGE PARSER

PARSE_GCOL_EXPR[s] PARTIAL PARTITION (R)

PARTITIONING PARTITIONS PASSWORD

PHASE PLUGIN PLUGINS

PLUGIN_DIR POINT POLYGON

PORT PRECEDES[t] PRECISION (R)

PREPARE PRESERVE PREV

PRIMARY (R) PRIVILEGES PROCEDURE (R)

PROCESSLIST PROFILE PROFILES

PROXY PURGE (R) QUARTER

QUERY QUICK RANGE (R)

READ (R) READS (R) READ_ONLY

READ_WRITE (R) REAL (R) REBUILD

RECOVER REDOFILE REDO_BUFFER_SIZE

REDUNDANT REFERENCES (R) REGEXP (R)

RELAY RELAYLOG RELAY_LOG_FILE

RELAY_LOG_POS RELAY_THREAD RELEASE (R)

RELOAD REMOVE RENAME (R)

REORGANIZE REPAIR REPEAT (R)

REPEATABLE REPLACE (R) REPLICATE_DO_DB[u]

REPLICATE_DO_TABLE[v] REPLICATE_IGNORE_DB[w] REPLICATE_IGNORE_TABLE[x]

REPLICATE_REWRITE_DB[y] REPLICATE_WILD_DO_TABLE[z] REPLICATE_WILD_IGNORE_TABLE[aa]

REPLICATION REQUIRE (R) RESET

RESIGNAL (R) RESTORE RESTRICT (R)

RESUME RETURN (R) RETURNED_SQLSTATE

RETURNS REVERSE REVOKE (R)

RIGHT (R) RLIKE (R) ROLLBACK

ROLLUP ROTATE[ab] ROUTINE

ROW ROWS ROW_COUNT

ROW_FORMAT RTREE SAVEPOINT

SCHEDULE SCHEMA (R) SCHEMAS (R)

SCHEMA_NAME SECOND SECOND_MICROSECOND (R)

SECURITY SELECT (R) SENSITIVE (R)

SEPARATOR (R) SERIAL SERIALIZABLE

SERVER SESSION SET (R)

SHARE SHOW (R) SHUTDOWN

SIGNAL (R) SIGNED SIMPLE

SLAVE SLOW SMALLINT (R)

SNAPSHOT SOCKET SOME

SONAME SOUNDS SOURCE

SPATIAL (R) SPECIFIC (R) SQL (R)

SQLEXCEPTION (R) SQLSTATE (R) SQLWARNING (R)

SQL_AFTER_GTIDS SQL_AFTER_MTS_GAPS SQL_BEFORE_GTIDS

SQL_BIG_RESULT (R) SQL_BUFFER_RESULT SQL_CACHE

SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS (R) SQL_NO_CACHE SQL_SMALL_RESULT (R)

SQL_THREAD SQL_TSI_DAY SQL_TSI_HOUR

SQL_TSI_MINUTE SQL_TSI_MONTH SQL_TSI_QUARTER

SQL_TSI_SECOND SQL_TSI_WEEK SQL_TSI_YEAR

SSL (R) STACKED START

STARTING (R) STARTS STATS_AUTO_RECALC

STATS_PERSISTENT STATS_SAMPLE_PAGES STATUS

STOP STORAGE STORED[ac] (R)

STRAIGHT_JOIN (R) STRING SUBCLASS_ORIGIN

SUBJECT SUBPARTITION SUBPARTITIONS

SUPER SUSPEND SWAPS

SWITCHES TABLE (R) TABLES

TABLESPACE TABLE_CHECKSUM TABLE_NAME

TEMPORARY TEMPTABLE TERMINATED (R)

TEXT THAN THEN (R)

TIME TIMESTAMP TIMESTAMPADD

TIMESTAMPDIFF TINYBLOB (R) TINYINT (R)

TINYTEXT (R) TO (R) TRAILING (R)

TRANSACTION TRIGGER (R) TRIGGERS

TRUE (R) TRUNCATE TYPE

TYPES UNCOMMITTED UNDEFINED

UNDO (R) UNDOFILE UNDO_BUFFER_SIZE

UNICODE UNINSTALL UNION (R)

UNIQUE (R) UNKNOWN UNLOCK (R)

UNSIGNED (R) UNTIL UPDATE (R)

UPGRADE USAGE (R) USE (R)

USER USER_RESOURCES USE_FRM

USING (R) UTC_DATE (R) UTC_TIME (R)

UTC_TIMESTAMP (R) VALIDATION[ad] VALUE

VALUES (R) VARBINARY (R) VARCHAR (R)

VARCHARACTER (R) VARIABLES VARYING (R)

VIEW VIRTUAL[ae] (R) WAIT

WARNINGS WEEK WEIGHT_STRING

WHEN (R) WHERE (R) WHILE (R)

WITH (R) WITHOUT[af] WORK

WRAPPER WRITE (R) X509

XA XID[ag] XML

XOR (R) YEAR YEAR_MONTH (R)

ZEROFILL (R)

[a] ACCOUNT: added in 5.7.6 (nonreserved)

[b] ALWAYS: added in 5.7.6 (nonreserved)

[c] CHANNEL: added in 5.7.6 (nonreserved)

[d] COMPRESSION: added in 5.7.8 (nonreserved)

[e] ENCRYPTION: added in 5.7.11 (nonreserved)

[f] FILE_BLOCK_SIZE: added in 5.7.6 (nonreserved)

[g] FILTER: added in 5.7.3 (nonreserved)

[h] FOLLOWS: added in 5.7.2 (nonreserved)

[i] GENERATED: added in 5.7.6 (reserved)

[j] GROUP_REPLICATION: added in 5.7.6 (nonreserved)

[k] INSTANCE: added in 5.7.11 (nonreserved)

[l] JSON: added in 5.7.8 (nonreserved)

[m] MASTER_TLS_VERSION: added in 5.7.10 (nonreserved)

[n] MAX_STATEMENT_TIME: added in 5.7.4 (nonreserved); removed in 5.7.8

[o] NEVER: added in 5.7.4 (nonreserved)

[p] NONBLOCKING: removed in 5.7.6

[q] OLD_PASSWORD: removed in 5.7.5

[r] OPTIMIZER_COSTS: added in 5.7.5 (reserved)

[s] PARSE_GCOL_EXPR: added in 5.7.6 (reserved); became nonreserved in 5.7.8

[t] PRECEDES: added in 5.7.2 (nonreserved)

[u] REPLICATE_DO_DB: added in 5.7.3 (nonreserved)

[v] REPLICATE_DO_TABLE: added in 5.7.3 (nonreserved)

[w] REPLICATE_IGNORE_DB: added in 5.7.3 (nonreserved)

[x] REPLICATE_IGNORE_TABLE: added in 5.7.3 (nonreserved)

[y] REPLICATE_REWRITE_DB: added in 5.7.3 (nonreserved)

[z] REPLICATE_WILD_DO_TABLE: added in 5.7.3 (nonreserved)

[aa] REPLICATE_WILD_IGNORE_TABLE: added in 5.7.3 (nonreserved)

[ab] ROTATE: added in 5.7.11 (nonreserved)

[ac] STORED: added in 5.7.6 (reserved)

[ad] VALIDATION: added in 5.7.5 (nonreserved)

[ae] VIRTUAL: added in 5.7.6 (reserved)

[af] WITHOUT: added in 5.7.5 (nonreserved)

[ag] XID: added in 5.7.5 (nonreserved)

5.7相比于5.6新增的关键字

`ACCOUNT`	`ALWAYS`	`CHANNEL`
`COMPRESSION`	`ENCRYPTION`	`FILE_BLOCK_SIZE`
`FILTER`	`FOLLOWS`	`GENERATED` (R)
`GROUP_REPLICATION`	`INSTANCE`	`JSON`
`MASTER_TLS_VERSION`	`NEVER`	`OPTIMIZER_COSTS` (R)
`PARSE_GCOL_EXPR`	`PRECEDES`	`REPLICATE_DO_DB`
`REPLICATE_DO_TABLE`	`REPLICATE_IGNORE_DB`	`REPLICATE_IGNORE_TABLE`
`REPLICATE_REWRITE_DB`	`REPLICATE_WILD_DO_TABLE`	`REPLICATE_WILD_IGNORE_TABLE`
`ROTATE`	`STACKED`	`STORED` (R)
`VALIDATION`	`VIRTUAL` (R)	`WITHOUT`
`XID`

5.7相比于5.6删除的关键字

OLD_PASSWORD

参见：https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/keywords.html