这道题要剪枝，不然会超时，还有就是每次参加过的城市下次不能再参观，不然会WA。
对于障碍物的坐标我用了两种方法，第一种就是直接用STL里面的set，对于判断是否访问过直接用的count，用时960ms；当我把集合换成数组，200ms通过。
用set的AC代码：

#include<cstring>
#include<cstdio>
#include<cmath>
#include<set>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
const int maxn=300;
int dx[]={1,0,0,-1,5};
int dy[]={0,1,-1,0,5}; //east,north,south,west
char dir[]="ensw";
int vis[maxn][maxn];
int n,cnt;
struct node{int x,y;node(int x=0,int y=0):x(x),y(y){}bool operator < (const node &p) const{return x>p.x||(x==p.x&&y>p.y);}
};
set<node>u;void dfs(int *a,int cur,int d,node pos){if(cur==n&&pos.x==150&&pos.y==150){cnt++;for(int i=0;i<n;++i) printf("%c",dir[a[i]]);printf("\n");return;}if(cur>=n) return;if((abs(pos.x-150)+abs(pos.y-150))>((n-cur)*(n+cur+1)/2)) return; //cutfor(int i=0;i<4;++i){if(dx[i]==dx[d]||dy[i]==dy[d]) continue;int newx=pos.x+(cur+1)*dx[i],newy=pos.y+(cur+1)*dy[i];if(vis[newx][newy]) continue; //已经旅游过int flag=0,c,p;if(newx==pos.x){c=min(newy,pos.y),p=max(newy,pos.y);for(int k=c;k<=p;++k){node newc(newx,k);if(u.count(newc)) {flag=1;break;}}}else if(newy==pos.y){c=min(newx,pos.x),p=max(newx,pos.x);for(int k=c;k<=p;++k){node newc(k,newy);if(u.count(newc)) {flag=1;break;}}}if(flag) continue;a[cur]=i;vis[newx][newy]=1;dfs(a,cur+1,i,node(newx,newy));vis[newx][newy]=0;}
}int main(){int T;scanf("%d",&T);while(T--){memset(vis,0,sizeof(vis));int k;scanf("%d%d",&n,&k);int x,y;for(int i=0;i<k;++i){scanf("%d%d",&x,&y);u.insert(node(x+150,y+150)); //障碍物坐标保存}cnt=0;int a[25];dfs(a,0,4,node(150,150));printf("Found %d golygon(s).\n\n",cnt);u.clear();}return 0;
}

用数组的AC代码：

#include<cstring>
#include<cstdio>
#include<cmath>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
const int maxn=300;
int dx[]={1,0,0,-1,5};
int dy[]={0,1,-1,0,5}; //east,north,south,west
char dir[]="ensw";
int vis[maxn][maxn],def[maxn][maxn];
int n,cnt;
struct node{int x,y;node(int x=0,int y=0):x(x),y(y){}bool operator < (const node &p) const{return x>p.x||(x==p.x&&y>p.y);}
};void dfs(int *a,int cur,int d,node pos){if(cur==n&&pos.x==150&&pos.y==150){cnt++;for(int i=0;i<n;++i) printf("%c",dir[a[i]]);printf("\n");return;}if(cur>=n) return;if((abs(pos.x-150)+abs(pos.y-150))>((n-cur)*(n+cur+1)/2)) return; //cutfor(int i=0;i<4;++i){if(dx[i]==dx[d]||dy[i]==dy[d]) continue;int newx=pos.x+(cur+1)*dx[i],newy=pos.y+(cur+1)*dy[i];if(vis[newx][newy]) continue; //已经旅游过int flag=0,c,p;if(newx==pos.x){c=min(newy,pos.y),p=max(newy,pos.y);for(int k=c;k<=p;++k){node newc(newx,k);if(def[newx][k]) {flag=1;break;}}}else if(newy==pos.y){c=min(newx,pos.x),p=max(newx,pos.x);for(int k=c;k<=p;++k){node newc(k,newy);if(def[k][newy]) {flag=1;break;}}}if(flag) continue;a[cur]=i;vis[newx][newy]=1;dfs(a,cur+1,i,node(newx,newy));vis[newx][newy]=0;}
}int main(){int T;scanf("%d",&T);while(T--){memset(vis,0,sizeof(vis));memset(def,0,sizeof(def));int k;scanf("%d%d",&n,&k);int x,y;for(int i=0;i<k;++i){scanf("%d%d",&x,&y);def[x+150][y+150]=1;}cnt=0;int a[25];dfs(a,0,4,node(150,150));printf("Found %d golygon(s).\n\n",cnt);}return 0;
}

如有不当之处欢迎指出！