关于Ubuntu command-not-found是如何实现的研究

一直好奇Ubuntu20 原生的bash 每次输入命令行，没有该命令后会提示你如何安装这个软件包，前一段时间一直在找，直到我使用oh-my-zsh添加command-not-found插件后，找到了根源。

cat command-not-found.plugin.zsh
## Platforms with a built-in command-not-found handler init filefor file (# Arch Linux. Must have pkgfile installed: https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Pkgfile#Command_not_found/usr/share/doc/pkgfile/command-not-found.zsh# macOS (M1 and classic Homebrew): https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-command-not-found/opt/homebrew/Library/Taps/homebrew/homebrew-command-not-found/handler.sh/usr/local/Homebrew/Library/Taps/homebrew/homebrew-command-not-found/handler.sh
); doif [[ -r "$file" ]]; thensource "$file"unset filereturn 0fi
done
unset file## Platforms with manual command_not_found_handler() setup# Debian and derivatives: https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/command-not-found
if [[ -x /usr/lib/command-not-found || -x /usr/share/command-not-found/command-not-found ]]; thencommand_not_found_handler() {if [[ -x /usr/lib/command-not-found ]]; then/usr/lib/command-not-found -- "$1"return $?elif [[ -x /usr/share/command-not-found/command-not-found ]]; then/usr/share/command-not-found/command-not-found -- "$1"return $?elseprintf "zsh: command not found: %s\n" "$1" >&2return 127fi}
fi# Fedora: https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Features/PackageKitCommandNotFound
if [[ -x /usr/libexec/pk-command-not-found ]]; thencommand_not_found_handler() {if [[ -S /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket && -x /usr/libexec/packagekitd ]]; then/usr/libexec/pk-command-not-found "$@"return $?fiprintf "zsh: command not found: %s\n" "$1" >&2return 127}
fi# NixOS: https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/tree/master/nixos/modules/programs/command-not-found
if [[ -x /run/current-system/sw/bin/command-not-found ]]; thencommand_not_found_handler() {/run/current-system/sw/bin/command-not-found "$@"}
fi# Termux: https://github.com/termux/command-not-found
if [[ -x /data/data/com.termux/files/usr/libexec/termux/command-not-found ]]; thencommand_not_found_handler() {/data/data/com.termux/files/usr/libexec/termux/command-not-found "$1"}
fi# SUSE and derivates: https://www.unix.com/man-page/suse/1/command-not-found/
if [[ -x /usr/bin/command-not-found ]]; thencommand_not_found_handler() {/usr/bin/command-not-found "$1"}
fi

发现debian衍生系列的发现版会用/usr/lib/command-not-found脚本，如果懂python，又要兴趣的朋友可以深入研究一下。提升python能力。

cat /usr/lib/command-not-found
#!/usr/bin/python3
# (c) Zygmunt Krynicki 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008
# Licensed under GPL, see COPYING for the whole textfrom __future__ import absolute_import, print_function__version__ = "0.3"
BUG_REPORT_URL = "https://bugs.launchpad.net/command-not-found/+filebug"try:import sysif sys.path and sys.path[0] == '/usr/lib':# Avoid ImportError noise due to odd installation location.sys.path.pop(0)if sys.version < '3':# We might end up being executed with Python 2 due to an old# /etc/bash.bashrc.import osif "COMMAND_NOT_FOUND_FORCE_PYTHON2" not in os.environ:os.execvp("/usr/bin/python3", [sys.argv[0]] + sys.argv)import gettextimport localefrom optparse import OptionParserfrom CommandNotFound.util import crash_guardfrom CommandNotFound import CommandNotFound
except KeyboardInterrupt:import syssys.exit(127)def enable_i18n():cnf = gettext.translation("command-not-found", fallback=True)kwargs = {}if sys.version < '3':kwargs["unicode"] = Truecnf.install(**kwargs)try:locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, '')except locale.Error:locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, 'C')def fix_sys_argv(encoding=None):"""Fix sys.argv to have only unicode strings, not binary strings.This is required by various places where such argument might beautomatically coerced to unicode string for formatting"""if encoding is None:encoding = locale.getpreferredencoding()sys.argv = [arg.decode(encoding) for arg in sys.argv]class LocaleOptionParser(OptionParser):"""OptionParser is broken as its implementation of _get_encoding() usessys.getdefaultencoding() which is ascii, what it should be using islocale.getpreferredencoding() which returns value based on LC_CTYPE (mostlikely) and allows for UTF-8 encoding to be used."""def _get_encoding(self, file):encoding = getattr(file, "encoding", None)if not encoding:encoding = locale.getpreferredencoding()return encodingdef main():enable_i18n()if sys.version < '3':fix_sys_argv()parser = LocaleOptionParser(version=__version__,usage=_("%prog [options] <command-name>"))parser.add_option('-d', '--data-dir', action='store',default="/usr/share/command-not-found",help=_("use this path to locate data fields"))parser.add_option('--ignore-installed', '--ignore-installed',action='store_true',  default=False,help=_("ignore local binaries and display the available packages"))parser.add_option('--no-failure-msg',action='store_true', default=False,help=_("don't print '<command-name>: command not found'"))(options, args) = parser.parse_args()if len(args) == 1:try:cnf = CommandNotFound.CommandNotFound(options.data_dir)except FileNotFoundError:print(_("Could not find command-not-found database. Run 'sudo apt update' to populate it."), file=sys.stderr)print(_("%s: command not found") % args[0], file=sys.stderr)returnif not cnf.advise(args[0], options.ignore_installed) and not options.no_failure_msg:print(_("%s: command not found") % args[0], file=sys.stderr)if __name__ == "__main__":crash_guard(main, BUG_REPORT_URL, __version__)

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