关键字 https://www.cnblogs.com/Z-Fanghan/p/6892944.html

现在使用navicat图形界面或者Hibernate做映射生成表的时候，渐渐的会忽视掉关键字这个问题，而后续也会不断的产生错误提示，一遍遍的查询代码无果，甚至开始怀疑人生，但是其实很多情况下只是使用了保留字而已，因此在设计数据库之初便要尽量的规避关键字和保留字。

但是这里要提一下的是mysql是支持使用关键字做字段名的，但是针对保留关键字是必须要加引用。mysql官网提供了三个例子是可以很好的说明这些的。

interval begin、end都是关键字，interval是保留关键字，因此会报错

mysql> CREATE TABLE interval (begin INT, end INT);

ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error inyour SQL syntax ...

near 'interval (begin INT, end INT)'

当给interval加上引用''后便可以正确执行该sql语句，也不会报begin、end的错，因为这是mysql允许的，但是不推荐这个用法，谁知道升级之后会不会变成保留字。。。。。。

mysql> CREATE TABLE `interval` (begin INT, end INT);

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

(这个可以略过，，，，，反正不推荐使用关键字做这些事，)还有一种情况——内置函数的名字，官网是这样说的：

Names of built-in functions are permitted as identifiers but may require care to be used as such

mysql> CREATE TABLE mydb.interval (begin INT, end INT);

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

下面是最新版的mysql的关键字和保留字的表，可以在设计时多查一查，(R)是保留关键字

有些人可能还不明白关键字和保留字的区别，简单的说，关键字分两种：非保留和保留，保留关键字又有一个特殊类别叫未来保留。

mysql5.7官方文档地址：https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/keywords.html

Table 9.2 Keywords and Reserved Words in MySQL 5.7

ACCESSIBLE (R)

ACCOUNT[a]

ACTION

ADD (R)

AFTER

AGAINST

AGGREGATE

ALGORITHM

ALL (R)

ALTER (R)

ALWAYS[b]

ANALYSE

ANALYZE (R)

AND (R)

ANY

AS (R)

ASC (R)

ASCII

ASENSITIVE (R)

AT

AUTOEXTEND_SIZE

AUTO_INCREMENT

AVG

AVG_ROW_LENGTH

BACKUP

BEFORE (R)

BEGIN

BETWEEN (R)

BIGINT (R)

BINARY (R)

BINLOG

BIT

BLOB (R)

BLOCK

BOOL

BOOLEAN

BOTH (R)

BTREE

BY (R)

BYTE

CACHE

CALL (R)

CASCADE (R)

CASCADED

CASE (R)

CATALOG_NAME

CHAIN

CHANGE (R)

CHANGED

CHANNEL[c]

CHAR (R)

CHARACTER (R)

CHARSET

CHECK (R)

CHECKSUM

CIPHER

CLASS_ORIGIN

CLIENT

CLOSE

COALESCE

CODE

COLLATE (R)

COLLATION

COLUMN (R)

COLUMNS

COLUMN_FORMAT

COLUMN_NAME

COMMENT

COMMIT

COMMITTED

COMPACT

COMPLETION

COMPRESSED

COMPRESSION[d]

CONCURRENT

CONDITION (R)

CONNECTION

CONSISTENT

CONSTRAINT (R)

CONSTRAINT_CATALOG

CONSTRAINT_NAME

CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA

CONTAINS

CONTEXT

CONTINUE (R)

CONVERT (R)

CPU

CREATE (R)

CROSS (R)

CUBE

CURRENT

CURRENT_DATE (R)

CURRENT_TIME (R)

CURRENT_TIMESTAMP (R)

CURRENT_USER (R)

CURSOR (R)

CURSOR_NAME

DATA

DATABASE (R)

DATABASES (R)

DATAFILE

DATE

DATETIME

DAY

DAY_HOUR (R)

DAY_MICROSECOND (R)

DAY_MINUTE (R)

DAY_SECOND (R)

DEALLOCATE

DEC (R)

DECIMAL (R)

DECLARE (R)

DEFAULT (R)

DEFAULT_AUTH

DEFINER

DELAYED (R)

DELAY_KEY_WRITE

DELETE (R)

DESC (R)

DESCRIBE (R)

DES_KEY_FILE

DETERMINISTIC (R)

DIAGNOSTICS

DIRECTORY

DISABLE

DISCARD

DISK

DISTINCT (R)

DISTINCTROW (R)

DIV (R)

DO

DOUBLE (R)

DROP (R)

DUAL (R)

DUMPFILE

DUPLICATE

DYNAMIC

EACH (R)

ELSE (R)

ELSEIF (R)

ENABLE

ENCLOSED (R)

ENCRYPTION[e]

END

ENDS

ENGINE

ENGINES

ENUM

ERROR

ERRORS

ESCAPE

ESCAPED (R)

EVENT

EVENTS

EVERY

EXCHANGE

EXECUTE

EXISTS (R)

EXIT (R)

EXPANSION

EXPIRE

EXPLAIN (R)

EXPORT

EXTENDED

EXTENT_SIZE

FALSE (R)

FAST

FAULTS

FETCH (R)

FIELDS

FILE

FILE_BLOCK_SIZE[f]

FILTER[g]

FIRST

FIXED

FLOAT (R)

FLOAT4 (R)

FLOAT8 (R)

FLUSH

FOLLOWS[h]

FOR (R)

FORCE (R)

FOREIGN (R)

FORMAT

FOUND

FROM (R)

FULL

FULLTEXT (R)

FUNCTION

GENERAL

GENERATED[i] (R)

GEOMETRY

GEOMETRYCOLLECTION

GET (R)

GET_FORMAT

GLOBAL

GRANT (R)

GRANTS

GROUP (R)

GROUP_REPLICATION[j]

HANDLER

HASH

HAVING (R)

HELP

HIGH_PRIORITY (R)

HOST

HOSTS

HOUR

HOUR_MICROSECOND (R)

HOUR_MINUTE (R)

HOUR_SECOND (R)

IDENTIFIED

IF (R)

IGNORE (R)

IGNORE_SERVER_IDS

IMPORT

IN (R)

INDEX (R)

INDEXES

INFILE (R)

INITIAL_SIZE

INNER (R)

INOUT (R)

INSENSITIVE (R)

INSERT (R)

INSERT_METHOD

INSTALL

INSTANCE[k]

INT (R)

INT1 (R)

INT2 (R)

INT3 (R)

INT4 (R)

INT8 (R)

INTEGER (R)

INTERVAL (R)

INTO (R)

INVOKER

IO

IO_AFTER_GTIDS (R)

IO_BEFORE_GTIDS (R)

IO_THREAD

IPC

IS (R)

ISOLATION

ISSUER

ITERATE (R)

JOIN (R)

JSON[l]

KEY (R)

KEYS (R)

KEY_BLOCK_SIZE

KILL (R)

LANGUAGE

LAST

LEADING (R)

LEAVE (R)

LEAVES

LEFT (R)

LESS

LEVEL

LIKE (R)

LIMIT (R)

LINEAR (R)

LINES (R)

LINESTRING

LIST

LOAD (R)

LOCAL

LOCALTIME (R)

LOCALTIMESTAMP (R)

LOCK (R)

LOCKS

LOGFILE

LOGS

LONG (R)

LONGBLOB (R)

LONGTEXT (R)

LOOP (R)

LOW_PRIORITY (R)

MASTER

MASTER_AUTO_POSITION

MASTER_BIND (R)

MASTER_CONNECT_RETRY

MASTER_DELAY

MASTER_HEARTBEAT_PERIOD

MASTER_HOST

MASTER_LOG_FILE

MASTER_LOG_POS

MASTER_PASSWORD

MASTER_PORT

MASTER_RETRY_COUNT

MASTER_SERVER_ID

MASTER_SSL

MASTER_SSL_CA

MASTER_SSL_CAPATH

MASTER_SSL_CERT

MASTER_SSL_CIPHER

MASTER_SSL_CRL

MASTER_SSL_CRLPATH

MASTER_SSL_KEY

MASTER_SSL_VERIFY_SERVER_CERT (R)

MASTER_TLS_VERSION[m]

MASTER_USER

MATCH (R)

MAXVALUE (R)

MAX_CONNECTIONS_PER_HOUR

MAX_QUERIES_PER_HOUR

MAX_ROWS

MAX_SIZE

MAX_STATEMENT_TIME[n]

MAX_UPDATES_PER_HOUR

MAX_USER_CONNECTIONS

MEDIUM

MEDIUMBLOB (R)

MEDIUMINT (R)

MEDIUMTEXT (R)

MEMORY

MERGE

MESSAGE_TEXT

MICROSECOND

MIDDLEINT (R)

MIGRATE

MINUTE

MINUTE_MICROSECOND (R)

MINUTE_SECOND (R)

MIN_ROWS

MOD (R)

MODE

MODIFIES (R)

MODIFY

MONTH

MULTILINESTRING

MULTIPOINT

MULTIPOLYGON

MUTEX

MYSQL_ERRNO

NAME

NAMES

NATIONAL

NATURAL (R)

NCHAR

NDB

NDBCLUSTER

NEVER[o]

NEW

NEXT

NO

NODEGROUP

NONBLOCKING[p]

NONE

NOT (R)

NO_WAIT

NO_WRITE_TO_BINLOG (R)

NULL (R)

NUMBER

NUMERIC (R)

NVARCHAR

OFFSET

OLD_PASSWORD[q]

ON (R)

ONE

ONLY

OPEN

OPTIMIZE (R)

OPTIMIZER_COSTS[r] (R)

OPTION (R)

OPTIONALLY (R)

OPTIONS

OR (R)

ORDER (R)

OUT (R)

OUTER (R)

OUTFILE (R)

OWNER

PACK_KEYS

PAGE

PARSER

PARSE_GCOL_EXPR[s]

PARTIAL

PARTITION (R)

PARTITIONING

PARTITIONS

PASSWORD

PHASE

PLUGIN

PLUGINS

PLUGIN_DIR

POINT

POLYGON

PORT

PRECEDES[t]

PRECISION (R)

PREPARE

PRESERVE

PREV

PRIMARY (R)

PRIVILEGES

PROCEDURE (R)

PROCESSLIST

PROFILE

PROFILES

PROXY

PURGE (R)

QUARTER

QUERY

QUICK

RANGE (R)

READ (R)

READS (R)

READ_ONLY

READ_WRITE (R)

REAL (R)

REBUILD

RECOVER

REDOFILE

REDO_BUFFER_SIZE

REDUNDANT

REFERENCES (R)

REGEXP (R)

RELAY

RELAYLOG

RELAY_LOG_FILE

RELAY_LOG_POS

RELAY_THREAD

RELEASE (R)

RELOAD

REMOVE

RENAME (R)

REORGANIZE

REPAIR

REPEAT (R)

REPEATABLE

REPLACE (R)

REPLICATE_DO_DB[u]

REPLICATE_DO_TABLE[v]

REPLICATE_IGNORE_DB[w]

REPLICATE_IGNORE_TABLE[x]

REPLICATE_REWRITE_DB[y]

REPLICATE_WILD_DO_TABLE[z]

REPLICATE_WILD_IGNORE_TABLE[aa]

REPLICATION

REQUIRE (R)

RESET

RESIGNAL (R)

RESTORE

RESTRICT (R)

RESUME

RETURN (R)

RETURNED_SQLSTATE

RETURNS

REVERSE

REVOKE (R)

RIGHT (R)

RLIKE (R)

ROLLBACK

ROLLUP

ROTATE[ab]

ROUTINE

ROW

ROWS

ROW_COUNT

ROW_FORMAT

RTREE

SAVEPOINT

SCHEDULE

SCHEMA (R)

SCHEMAS (R)

SCHEMA_NAME

SECOND

SECOND_MICROSECOND (R)

SECURITY

SELECT (R)

SENSITIVE (R)

SEPARATOR (R)

SERIAL

SERIALIZABLE

SERVER

SESSION

SET (R)

SHARE

SHOW (R)

SHUTDOWN

SIGNAL (R)

SIGNED

SIMPLE

SLAVE

SLOW

SMALLINT (R)

SNAPSHOT

SOCKET

SOME

SONAME

SOUNDS

SOURCE

SPATIAL (R)

SPECIFIC (R)

SQL (R)

SQLEXCEPTION (R)

SQLSTATE (R)

SQLWARNING (R)

SQL_AFTER_GTIDS

SQL_AFTER_MTS_GAPS

SQL_BEFORE_GTIDS

SQL_BIG_RESULT (R)

SQL_BUFFER_RESULT

SQL_CACHE

SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS (R)

SQL_NO_CACHE

SQL_SMALL_RESULT (R)

SQL_THREAD

SQL_TSI_DAY

SQL_TSI_HOUR

SQL_TSI_MINUTE

SQL_TSI_MONTH

SQL_TSI_QUARTER

SQL_TSI_SECOND

SQL_TSI_WEEK

SQL_TSI_YEAR

SSL (R)

STACKED

START

STARTING (R)

STARTS

STATS_AUTO_RECALC

STATS_PERSISTENT

STATS_SAMPLE_PAGES

STATUS

STOP

STORAGE

STORED[ac] (R)

STRAIGHT_JOIN (R)

STRING

SUBCLASS_ORIGIN

SUBJECT

SUBPARTITION

SUBPARTITIONS

SUPER

SUSPEND

SWAPS

SWITCHES

TABLE (R)

TABLES

TABLESPACE

TABLE_CHECKSUM

TABLE_NAME

TEMPORARY

TEMPTABLE

TERMINATED (R)

TEXT

THAN

THEN (R)

TIME

TIMESTAMP

TIMESTAMPADD

TIMESTAMPDIFF

TINYBLOB (R)

TINYINT (R)

TINYTEXT (R)

TO (R)

TRAILING (R)

TRANSACTION

TRIGGER (R)

TRIGGERS

TRUE (R)

TRUNCATE

TYPE

TYPES

UNCOMMITTED

UNDEFINED

UNDO (R)

UNDOFILE

UNDO_BUFFER_SIZE

UNICODE

UNINSTALL

UNION (R)

UNIQUE (R)

UNKNOWN

UNLOCK (R)

UNSIGNED (R)

UNTIL

UPDATE (R)

UPGRADE

USAGE (R)

USE (R)

USER

USER_RESOURCES

USE_FRM

USING (R)

UTC_DATE (R)

UTC_TIME (R)

UTC_TIMESTAMP (R)

VALIDATION[ad]

VALUE

VALUES (R)

VARBINARY (R)

VARCHAR (R)

VARCHARACTER (R)

VARIABLES

VARYING (R)

VIEW

VIRTUAL[ae] (R)

WAIT

WARNINGS

WEEK

WEIGHT_STRING

WHEN (R)

WHERE (R)

WHILE (R)

WITH (R)

WITHOUT[af]

WORK

WRAPPER

WRITE (R)

X509

XA

XML

XOR (R)

YEAR

YEAR_MONTH (R)

ZEROFILL (R)

[a]ACCOUNT: added in 5.7.6 (nonreserved)

[b]ALWAYS: added in 5.7.6 (nonreserved)

[c]CHANNEL: added in 5.7.6 (nonreserved)

[d]COMPRESSION: added in 5.7.8 (nonreserved)

[e]ENCRYPTION: added in 5.7.11 (nonreserved)

[f]FILE_BLOCK_SIZE: added in 5.7.6 (nonreserved)

[g]FILTER: added in 5.7.3 (nonreserved)

[h]FOLLOWS: added in 5.7.2 (nonreserved)

[i]GENERATED: added in 5.7.6 (reserved)

[j]GROUP_REPLICATION: added in 5.7.6 (nonreserved)

[k]INSTANCE: added in 5.7.11 (nonreserved)

[l]JSON: added in 5.7.8 (nonreserved)

[m]MASTER_TLS_VERSION: added in 5.7.10 (nonreserved)

[n]MAX_STATEMENT_TIME: added in 5.7.4 (nonreserved); removed in 5.7.8

[o]NEVER: added in 5.7.4 (nonreserved)

[p]NONBLOCKING: removed in 5.7.6

[q]OLD_PASSWORD: removed in 5.7.5

[r]OPTIMIZER_COSTS: added in 5.7.5 (reserved)

[s]PARSE_GCOL_EXPR: added in 5.7.6 (reserved); became nonreserved in 5.7.8

[t]PRECEDES: added in 5.7.2 (nonreserved)

[u]REPLICATE_DO_DB: added in 5.7.3 (nonreserved)

[v]REPLICATE_DO_TABLE: added in 5.7.3 (nonreserved)

[w]REPLICATE_IGNORE_DB: added in 5.7.3 (nonreserved)

[x]REPLICATE_IGNORE_TABLE: added in 5.7.3 (nonreserved)

[y]REPLICATE_REWRITE_DB: added in 5.7.3 (nonreserved)

[z]REPLICATE_WILD_DO_TABLE: added in 5.7.3 (nonreserved)

[aa]REPLICATE_WILD_IGNORE_TABLE: added in 5.7.3 (nonreserved)

[ab]ROTATE: added in 5.7.11 (nonreserved)

[ac]STORED: added in 5.7.6 (reserved)

[ad]VALIDATION: added in 5.7.5 (nonreserved)

[ae]VIRTUAL: added in 5.7.6 (reserved)

[af]WITHOUT: added in 5.7.5 (nonreserved)

[ag]XID: added in 5.7.5 (nonreserved)

5.7相比于5.6新增的关键字

ACCOUNT

ALWAYS

CHANNEL

COMPRESSION

ENCRYPTION

FILE_BLOCK_SIZE

FILTER

FOLLOWS

GENERATED (R)

GROUP_REPLICATION

INSTANCE

JSON

MASTER_TLS_VERSION

NEVER

OPTIMIZER_COSTS (R)

PARSE_GCOL_EXPR

PRECEDES

REPLICATE_DO_DB

REPLICATE_DO_TABLE

REPLICATE_IGNORE_DB

REPLICATE_IGNORE_TABLE

REPLICATE_REWRITE_DB

REPLICATE_WILD_DO_TABLE

REPLICATE_WILD_IGNORE_TABLE

ROTATE

STACKED

STORED (R)

VALIDATION

VIRTUAL (R)

WITHOUT

XID

5.7相比于5.6删除的关键字

OLD_PASSWORD

解决办法 https://blog.csdn.net/RightBeforeTheSix/article/details/80395920

1、看写的SQL语句

insert into mrt_course(describe,price,add_time,class_id,is_top ) values ( '你好',25,1524313377,1,0)

2、问题显示 ： 是MySQL的关键字，这样插入会显示以下错误

You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'describe,price,add_time,class_id,status,is_top ) values ( '你好',25,1524313377' at line 1

3、解决方法，在关键字上加上英文的 `describe`   ，就可以插入了；在Navicat里面写的时候会自动添加``

insert into mrt_course(`describe`,price,add_time,class_id,is_top ) values ( '你好',25,1524313377,1,0)