certutil证书管理命令

在linux系统中安装certutil工具可以使用以下语句。

sudo apt-get install libnss3-tools

chrome内核浏览器通过读取证书数据库中的证书文件作为信任文件。我们可以通过手动导入方式证书进行信任。

certutil证书管理常用的命令如下：

查询数据库中证书列表

certutil -L -d .  # 数据库文件在当前目录
certutil -L -d ~/.pki/nssdb/  # 数据库文件在~/.pki/nssdb/ 目录
certutil -L -d sql:/etc/ipsec.d

添加证书到数据库中

# 添加一个根证书到数据库中，作为信任证书
certutil -A -n 存入数据库中的名字 -t "C,," -i mycert.crt -d 数据库目录
# 添加一个中间证书到数据库中，作为信任证书
certutil -A -n 存入数据库中的名字 -t ",," -i mycert.crt -d 数据库目录
# 添加一个私有证书到数据库中，作为信任证书
certutil -A -n 存入数据库中的名字 -t "P,," -i mycert.crt -d 数据库目录

查询某个证书

certutil -L -n 存入数据库中的名字 -d 数据库目录

删除数据库中某个证书

certutil -D -n 存入数据库中的名字 -d 数据库目录

导出某个证书文件

certutil -L -a -n 证书名 -d . > 证书名

为SSL客户端身份验证添加个人证书和私钥
```
pk12util -d sql:$HOME/.pki/nssdb -i PKCS12_file.p12
```

最近接到一个需求，统计所有证书相同加密算法的证书种类。

#!/bin/bash
list=`certutil -L  -d . | awk -F "CT,C,c" '{print $1}' `
IFS=$'\n\n'
for item in $list
doname=`echo "$item"| awk '$1=$1'`i=`certutil -L -n "$name" -d .| grep "Signature Algorithm"` echo $name"\t"$i
done

问题一

问题描述：

浏览器导入证书能正常访问目标网站，显示目标网站安全。
使用脚本命令导入证书，访问目标网站显示不安全网站。

问题原因：

浏览器导入证书后会自动下载信任机构的CA证书，然后再导入目标网站的证书。
脚本命令导入证书，是强行将目标网站证书导入，因此对于机构证书未信任，导致网站证书也未被信任。

解决办法：
将机构提供的CA证书以及，网站证书同时导入到浏览器中即可解决问题。


#certutile -H
-A              Add a certificate to the database        (create if needed)All options under -E apply
-B              Run a series of certutil commands from a batch file-i batch-file     Specify the batch file
-E              Add an Email certificate to the database (create if needed)-n cert-name      Specify the nickname of the certificate to add-t trustargs      Set the certificate trust attributes:trustargs is of the form x,y,z where x is for SSL, y is for S/MIME,and z is for code signing. Use ,, for no explicit trust.p      prohibited (explicitly distrusted)P      trusted peerc      valid CAT      trusted CA to issue client certs (implies c)C      trusted CA to issue server certs (implies c)u      user certw      send warningg      make step-up cert-f pwfile         Specify the password file-d certdir        Cert database directory (default is ~/.netscape)-P dbprefix       Cert & Key database prefix-a                The input certificate is encoded in ASCII (RFC1113)-i input          Specify the certificate file (default is stdin)-C              Create a new binary certificate from a BINARY cert request-c issuer-name    The nickname of the issuer cert-i cert-request   The BINARY certificate request file-o output-cert    Output binary cert to this file (default is stdout)-x                Self sign--pss-sign        Sign the certificate with RSA-PSS (the issuer key must be rsa)-m serial-number  Cert serial number-w warp-months    Time Warp-v months-valid   Months valid (default is 3)-f pwfile         Specify the password file-d certdir        Cert database directory (default is ~/.netscape)-P dbprefix       Cert & Key database prefix-Z hashAlg        Specify the hash algorithm to use. Possible keywords:"MD2", "MD4", "MD5", "SHA1", "SHA224","SHA256", "SHA384", "SHA512"-1 | --keyUsage keyword,keyword,... Create key usage extension. Possible keywords:"digitalSignature", "nonRepudiation", "keyEncipherment","dataEncipherment", "keyAgreement", "certSigning","crlSigning", "critical"-2                Create basic constraint extension-3                Create authority key ID extension-4                Create crl distribution point extension-5 | --nsCertType keyword,keyword,...  Create netscape cert type extension. Possible keywords:"sslClient", "sslServer", "smime", "objectSigning","sslCA", "smimeCA", "objectSigningCA", "critical".-6 | --extKeyUsage keyword,keyword,... Create extended key usage extension. Possible keywords:"serverAuth", "clientAuth","codeSigning","emailProtection", "timeStamp","ocspResponder","stepUp", "msTrustListSign", "critical"-7 emailAddrs     Create an email subject alt name extension-8 dnsNames       Create an dns subject alt name extension-a                The input certificate request is encoded in ASCII (RFC1113)-G              Generate a new key pair-h token-name     Name of token in which to generate key (default is internal)-k key-type       Type of key pair to generate ("dsa", "ec", "rsa" (default))-g key-size       Key size in bits, (min 512, max 8192, default 2048) (not for ec)-y exp            Set the public exponent value (3, 17, 65537) (rsa only)-f password-file  Specify the password file-z noisefile      Specify the noise file to be used-q pqgfile        read PQG value from pqgfile (dsa only)-q curve-name     Elliptic curve name (ec only)One of nistp256, nistp384, nistp521, curve25519.If a custom token is present, the following curves are also supported:sect163k1, nistk163, sect163r1, sect163r2,nistb163, sect193r1, sect193r2, sect233k1, nistk233,sect233r1, nistb233, sect239k1, sect283k1, nistk283,sect283r1, nistb283, sect409k1, nistk409, sect409r1,nistb409, sect571k1, nistk571, sect571r1, nistb571,secp160k1, secp160r1, secp160r2, secp192k1, secp192r1,nistp192, secp224k1, secp224r1, nistp224, secp256k1,secp256r1, secp384r1, secp521r1,prime192v1, prime192v2, prime192v3, prime239v1, prime239v2, prime239v3, c2pnb163v1, c2pnb163v2, c2pnb163v3, c2pnb176v1, c2tnb191v1, c2tnb191v2, c2tnb191v3,  c2pnb208w1, c2tnb239v1, c2tnb239v2, c2tnb239v3, c2pnb272w1, c2pnb304w1, c2tnb359w1, c2pnb368w1, c2tnb431r1, secp112r1, secp112r2, secp128r1, secp128r2, sect113r1, sect113r2sect131r1, sect131r2-d keydir         Key database directory (default is ~/.netscape)-P dbprefix       Cert & Key database prefix--keyAttrFlags attrflagsPKCS #11 key Attributes.Comma separated list of key attribute attribute flags,selected from the following list of choices:{token | session} {public | private} {sensitive | insensitive}{modifiable | unmodifiable} {extractable | unextractable}--keyOpFlagsOn opflags--keyOpFlagsOff opflagsPKCS #11 key Operation Flags.Comma separated list of one or more of the following:encrypt, decrypt, sign, sign_recover, verify,verify_recover, wrap, unwrap, derive-D              Delete a certificate from the database-n cert-name      The nickname of the cert to delete-d certdir        Cert database directory (default is ~/.netscape)-P dbprefix       Cert & Key database prefix--rename        Change the database nickname of a certificate-n cert-name      The old nickname of the cert to rename--new-n new-name  The new nickname of the cert to rename-d certdir        Cert database directory (default is ~/.netscape)-P dbprefix       Cert & Key database prefix-F              Delete a key and associated certificate from the database-n cert-name      The nickname of the key to delete-k key-id         The key id of the key to delete, obtained using -K-d certdir        Cert database directory (default is ~/.netscape)-P dbprefix       Cert & Key database prefix-U              List all modules-d moddir         Module database directory (default is '~/.netscape')-P dbprefix       Cert & Key database prefix-X                force the database to open R/W-K              List all private keys-h token-name     Name of token to search ("all" for all tokens)-k key-type       Key type ("all" (default), "dsa", "ec", "rsa")-n name           The nickname of the key or associated certificate-f password-file  Specify the password file-d keydir         Key database directory (default is ~/.netscape)-P dbprefix       Cert & Key database prefix-X                force the database to open R/W-L              List all certs, or print out a single named cert (or a subset)-h token-name     Name of token to search ("all" for all tokens)-n cert-name      Pretty print named cert (list all if unspecified)--email email-address Pretty print cert with email address (list all if unspecified)-d certdir        Cert database directory (default is ~/.netscape)-P dbprefix       Cert & Key database prefix-X                force the database to open R/W-r                For single cert, print binary DER encoding-a                For single cert, print ASCII encoding (RFC1113)--dump-ext-val OID For single cert, print binary DER encoding of extension OID--build-flags   Print enabled build flags relevant for NSS test execution-M              Modify trust attributes of certificate-n cert-name      The nickname of the cert to modify-t trustargs      Set the certificate trust attributes (see -A above)-d certdir        Cert database directory (default is ~/.netscape)-P dbprefix       Cert & Key database prefix-N              Create a new certificate database-d certdir        Cert database directory (default is ~/.netscape)-P dbprefix       Cert & Key database prefix-f password-file  Specify the password file--empty-password  use empty password when creating a new database-T              Reset the Key database or token-d certdir        Cert database directory (default is ~/.netscape)-P dbprefix       Cert & Key database prefix-h token-name     Token to reset (default is internal)-0 SSO-password   Set token's Site Security Officer password-O              Print the chain of a certificate-n cert-name      The nickname of the cert to modify-d certdir        Cert database directory (default is ~/.netscape)-a                Input the certificate in ASCII (RFC1113); default is binary-P dbprefix       Cert & Key database prefix-X                force the database to open R/W--simple-self-signed don't search for a chain if issuer name equals subject name-R              Generate a certificate request (stdout)-s subject        Specify the subject name (using RFC1485)-o output-req     Output the cert request to this file-k key-type-or-id Type of key pair to generate ("dsa", "ec", "rsa" (default))or nickname of the cert key to use, or key id obtained using -K-h token-name     Name of token in which to generate key (default is internal)-g key-size       Key size in bits, RSA keys only (min 512, max 8192, default 2048)--pss             Create a certificate request restricted to RSA-PSS (rsa only)-q pqgfile        Name of file containing PQG parameters (dsa only)-q curve-name     Elliptic curve name (ec only)See the "-G" option for a full list of supported names.-f pwfile         Specify the password file-d keydir         Key database directory (default is ~/.netscape)-P dbprefix       Cert & Key database prefix-p phone          Specify the contact phone number ("123-456-7890")-Z hashAlg        Specify the hash algorithm to use. Possible keywords:"MD2", "MD4", "MD5", "SHA1", "SHA224","SHA256", "SHA384", "SHA512"-a                Output the cert request in ASCII (RFC1113); default is binarySee -S for available extension options See -G for available key flag options -V              Validate a certificate-n cert-name      The nickname of the cert to Validate-b time           validity time ("YYMMDDHHMMSS[+HHMM|-HHMM|Z]")-e                Check certificate signature -u certusage      Specify certificate usage:C      SSL ClientV      SSL ServerI      IPsecL      SSL CAA      Any CAY      Verify CAS      Email signerR      Email RecipientO      OCSP status responderJ      Object signer-d certdir        Cert database directory (default is ~/.netscape)-a                Input the certificate in ASCII (RFC1113); default is binary-P dbprefix       Cert & Key database prefix-X                force the database to open R/W-W              Change the key database password-d certdir        cert and key database directory-f pwfile         Specify a file with the current password-@ newpwfile      Specify a file with the new password in two lines--upgrade-merge Upgrade an old database and merge it into a new one-d certdir        Cert database directory to merge into (default is ~/.netscape)-P dbprefix       Cert & Key database prefix of the target database-f pwfile         Specify the password file for the target database--source-dir certdir Cert database directory to upgrade from--source-prefix dbprefix Cert & Key database prefix of the upgrade database--upgrade-id uniqueID Unique identifier for the upgrade database--upgrade-token-name name Name of the token while it is in upgrade state-@ pwfile         Specify the password file for the upgrade database--merge         Merge source database into the target database-d certdir        Cert database directory of target (default is ~/.netscape)-P dbprefix       Cert & Key database prefix of the target database-f pwfile         Specify the password file for the target database--source-dir certdir Cert database directory of the source database--source-prefix dbprefix Cert & Key database prefix of the source database-@ pwfile         Specify the password file for the source database-S              Make a certificate and add to database-n key-name       Specify the nickname of the cert-s subject        Specify the subject name (using RFC1485)-c issuer-name    The nickname of the issuer cert-t trustargs      Set the certificate trust attributes (see -A above)-k key-type-or-id Type of key pair to generate ("dsa", "ec", "rsa" (default))-h token-name     Name of token in which to generate key (default is internal)-g key-size       Key size in bits, RSA keys only (min 512, max 8192, default 2048)--pss             Create a certificate restricted to RSA-PSS (rsa only)-q pqgfile        Name of file containing PQG parameters (dsa only)-q curve-name     Elliptic curve name (ec only)See the "-G" option for a full list of supported names.-x                Self sign--pss-sign        Sign the certificate with RSA-PSS (the issuer key must be rsa)-m serial-number  Cert serial number-w warp-months    Time Warp-v months-valid   Months valid (default is 3)-f pwfile         Specify the password file-d certdir        Cert database directory (default is ~/.netscape)-P dbprefix       Cert & Key database prefix-p phone          Specify the contact phone number ("123-456-7890")-Z hashAlg        Specify the hash algorithm to use. Possible keywords:"MD2", "MD4", "MD5", "SHA1", "SHA224","SHA256", "SHA384", "SHA512"-1                Create key usage extension-2                Create basic constraint extension-3                Create authority key ID extension-4                Create crl distribution point extension-5                Create netscape cert type extension-6                Create extended key usage extension-7 emailAddrs     Create an email subject alt name extension-8 DNS-names      Create a DNS subject alt name extension--extAIA          Create an Authority Information Access extension--extSIA          Create a Subject Information Access extension--extCP           Create a Certificate Policies extension--extPM           Create a Policy Mappings extension--extPC           Create a Policy Constraints extension--extIA           Create an Inhibit Any Policy extension--extSKID         Create a subject key ID extensionSee -G for available key flag options --extNC           Create a name constraints extension--extSAN type:name[,type:name]... Create a Subject Alt Name extension with one or multiple names- type: directory, dn, dns, edi, ediparty, email, ip, ipaddr,other, registerid, rfc822, uri, x400, x400addr--extGeneric OID:critical-flag:filename[,OID:critical-flag:filename]... Add one or multiple extensions that certutil cannot encode yet,by loading their encodings from external files.- OID (example): 1.2.3.4- critical-flag: critical or not-critical- filename: full path to a file containing an encoded extension

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certutil证书管理命令

问题一

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