磁盘阵列Raid0，Raid1，Raid10，Raid5的创建
2024-06-28 06:14:46
| 项目 | Raid0 | Raid1 | Raid10 | Raid5 | Raid6 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 最少磁盘数 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 4 |
| 最大容错磁盘数(1) | 无 | n-1 | n/2 | 1 | 2 |
| 资料安全性(1) | 完全沒有 | 最佳 | 最佳 | 好 | 比RAID5 好 |
| 理论写入效能(2) | n | 1 | n/2 | <n-1 | <n-2 |
| 理论读出效能(2) | n | n | n | <n-1 | <n-2 |
| 可用容量(3) | n | 1 | n/2 | n-1 | n-2 |
| 一般应用 | 强调效能但资料不重要的环境 |
资料与备份 服务器、云系统常用 |
资料与备份 服务器、云系统常用 |
资料与备份 | 资料与备份 |
Raid0
fdisk /dev/sdb(分区)
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xa2d567b3.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended toswitch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units tosectors (command 'u').Command (m for help): n
Command actione extendedp primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-652, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-652, default 652): +1GCommand (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list codes): l0 Empty 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin bf Solaris 1 FAT12 39 Plan 9 82 Linux swap / So c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT-2 XENIX root 3c PartitionMagic 83 Linux c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT-3 XENIX usr 40 Venix 80286 84 OS/2 hidden C: c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT-4 FAT16 <32M 41 PPC PReP Boot 85 Linux extended c7 Syrinx 5 Extended 42 SFS 86 NTFS volume set da Non-FS data 6 FAT16 4d QNX4.x 87 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / .7 HPFS/NTFS 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 88 Linux plaintext de Dell Utility 8 AIX 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 8e Linux LVM df BootIt 9 AIX bootable 50 OnTrack DM 93 Amoeba e1 DOS access a OS/2 Boot Manag 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 94 Amoeba BBT e3 DOS R/O b W95 FAT32 52 CP/M 9f BSD/OS e4 SpeedStor c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a0 IBM Thinkpad hi eb BeOS fs e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a5 FreeBSD ee GPT f W95 Ext'd (LBA) 55 EZ-Drive a6 OpenBSD ef EFI (FAT-12/16/
10 OPUS 56 Golden Bow a7 NeXTSTEP f0 Linux/PA-RISC b
11 Hidden FAT12 5c Priam Edisk a8 Darwin UFS f1 SpeedStor
12 Compaq diagnost 61 SpeedStor a9 NetBSD f4 SpeedStor
14 Hidden FAT16 <3 63 GNU HURD or Sys ab Darwin boot f2 DOS secondary
16 Hidden FAT16 64 Novell Netware af HFS / HFS+ fb VMware VMFS
17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 65 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fc VMware VMKCORE
18 AST SmartSleep 70 DiskSecure Mult b8 BSDI swap fd Linux raid auto
1b Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX bb Boot Wizard hid fe LANstep
1c Hidden W95 FAT3 80 Old Minix be Solaris boot ff BBT
1e Hidden W95 FAT1
Hex code (type L to list codes): fd Linux raid auto
Changed system type of partition 1 to fd (Linux raid autodetect)Command (m for help): pDisk /dev/sdb: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xa2d567b3Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 132 1060258+ fd Linux raid autodetectCommand (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.fdisk /dev/sdc(和sdb一样)
partx -a /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb（同步分区情况）
partx -a /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdc（同步分区情况）
fdisk -l /dev/sdb /dev/sdc（查看现在的状态）
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sdb /dev/sdcDisk /dev/sdb: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xa2d567b3Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 132 1060258+ fd Linux raid autodetectDisk /dev/sdc: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x53685b07Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdc1 1 132 1060258+ fd Linux raid autodetectmdadm -C /dev/md0 -ayes -l0 -n2 /dev/sd{b,c}1（开始创建RAID0）
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -C /dev/md0 -ayes -l0 -n2 /dev/sd{b,c}1
mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata
mdadm: array /dev/md0 started.cat /proc/mdstat（查看raid0 状态）
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid0]
md0 : active raid0 sdc1[1] sdb1[0]2119680 blocks super 1.2 512k chunksunused devices: <none>mdadm -D /dev/md0（查看raid0 状态）
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md0
/dev/md0:Version : 1.2Creation Time : Sat Oct 6 10:29:44 2018Raid Level : raid0Array Size : 2119680 (2.02 GiB 2.17 GB)Raid Devices : 2Total Devices : 2Persistence : Superblock is persistentUpdate Time : Sat Oct 6 10:29:44 2018State : clean Active Devices : 2
Working Devices : 2Failed Devices : 0Spare Devices : 0Chunk Size : 512KName : localhost.localdomain:0 (local to host localhost.localdomain)UUID : 038b42e0:54219821:617dd9f0:029825b1Events : 0Number Major Minor RaidDevice State0 8 17 0 active sync /dev/sdb11 8 33 1 active sync /dev/sdc1（添加raid1 到RAID 配置文件/etc/mdadm.conf并修改，以下）
touch /etc/mdadm.conf
echo DEVICE /dev/sd{b,c}1 >> /etc/mdadm.conf
mdadm -Ds >> /etc/mdadm.conf
vim /etc/mdadm.conf
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/mdadm.conf 1 DEVICE /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1# 将中间一段改为level=raid0 num-devices=22 ARRAY /dev/md0 level=raid0 num-devices=2 UUID=038b42e0:54219821:617dd9f0:029825b1mkfs.ext4 /dev/md0（格式化磁盘阵列）
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/md0
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=128 blocks, Stripe width=256 blocks
132736 inodes, 529920 blocks
26496 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=545259520
17 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
7808 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (16384 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: doneThis filesystem will be automatically checked every 38 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.（建立挂载点并挂载，以下）
mkdir /mnt/raid0
mount /dev/md0 /mnt/raid0
[root@localhost ~]# df -TH
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root ext4 19G 6.5G 12G 37% /
tmpfs tmpfs 523M 78k 523M 1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 ext4 508M 36M 446M 8% /boot
/dev/sr0 iso9660 4.5G 4.5G 0 100% /media/CentOS_6.5_Final
/dev/md0 ext4 2.2G 71M 2.0G 4% /mnt/raid0vim /etc/fstab(填上最后一行信息)
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/fstab1 2 #3 # /etc/fstab4 # Created by anaconda on Thu Aug 30 19:30:32 20185 #6 # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'7 # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info8 #9 /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root / ext4 defaults 1 110 UUID=7d586269-560b-42c2-b134-90177acbfcc5 /boot ext4 defaults1 211 /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_swap swap swap defaults 0 012 tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 013 devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 014 sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 015 proc /proc proc defaults 0 016 /dev/md0 /mnt/raid0 ext4 defaults 0 0 reboot（重启一下）
[root@localhost ~]# rebootBroadcast message from root@localhost.localdomain(/dev/pts/0) at 10:47 ...The system is going down for reboot NOW!df -TH（测试开机是否自动挂载）
[root@localhost ~]# df -TH
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root ext4 19G 6.5G 12G 37% /
tmpfs tmpfs 523M 78k 523M 1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 ext4 508M 36M 446M 8% /boot
/dev/md0 ext4 2.2G 71M 2.0G 4% /mnt/raid0
/dev/sr0 iso9660 4.5G 4.5G 0 100% /media/CentOS_6.5_Final扩展：
测试 分别写入1G的文件（dd生成）和1.1G（换算成M，必须是整数）的文件，观察现象;
[root@localhost ~]# time dd if=/dev/zero of=/test01.txt bs=1G count=1
1+0 records in
1+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 68.232 s, 15.7 MB/s
dd: closing input file `/dev/zero': Bad file descriptorreal 1m8.600s
user 0m0.002s
sys 0m10.419s
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# time dd if=/dev/zero of=/mnt/raid0/test02.txt bs=2099M count=1
dd: writing `/mnt/raid0/test02.txt': No space left on device
0+1 records in
0+0 records out
975536128 bytes (976 MB) copied, 76.5786 s, 12.7 MB/sreal 1m16.918s
user 0m0.001s
sys 0m9.488sRaid1，Raid10，Raid5的创建,,,,下次再更新~~~~~~~~
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