Windows 下启动tomcat

tomcat启动命令

安装tomcat之后,设置CATALINA_HOME=tomcat的安装目录,比如安装在c:/tomcat，那么CATALINA_HOME=c:/tomcat，添加路径到path环境变量，%CATALINA_HOME%/bin，然后打开控制台，进入tomcat的bin目录，这儿有tomcat的启动脚本，startup.bat启动tomcat，shutdown.bat关闭tomcat。我是在windows下做的调试，如果在Linux/unix下，相应的启动脚本为startup.sh和shutdown.sh。

tomcat启动脚本解说

用文本编辑器打开startup.bat,你会看到如下，内容：

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@echo off

if "%OS%" == "Windows_NT" setlocal

rem ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

rem Start script for the CATALINA Server

rem

rem $Id: startup.bat,v 1.6 2004/05/27 18:25:11 yoavs Exp $

rem ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

rem Guess CATALINA_HOME if not defined

set CURRENT_DIR=%cd%

if not "%CATALINA_HOME%" == "" goto gotHome

set CATALINA_HOME=%CURRENT_DIR%

if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%/bin/catalina.bat" goto okHome

cd ..

set CATALINA_HOME=%cd%

cd %CURRENT_DIR%

:gotHome

if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%/bin/catalina.bat" goto okHome

echo The CATALINA_HOME environment variable is not defined correctly

echo This environment variable is needed to run this program

goto end

:okHome

set EXECUTABLE=%CATALINA_HOME%/bin/catalina.bat

rem Check that target executable exists

if exist "%EXECUTABLE%" goto okExec

echo Cannot find %EXECUTABLE%

echo This file is needed to run this program

goto end

:okExec

rem Get remaining unshifted command line arguments and save them in the

set CMD_LINE_ARGS=

:setArgs

if ""%1""=="""" goto doneSetArgs

set CMD_LINE_ARGS=%CMD_LINE_ARGS% %1

shift

goto setArgs

:doneSetArgs

call "%EXECUTABLE%" start %CMD_LINE_ARGS%

:end

第一段,内容如下，先设置好变量CATALINA_HOME，然后判断是否存在脚本文件"%CATALINA_HOME%/bin/catalina.bat",如果找不到该文件，那么退出脚本的执行，提示设置CATALINA_HOME环境变量，这就是我们在安装tomcat后，要设置环境变量CATALINA_HOME的原因。

[csharp] view plain copy

@echo off

if "%OS%" == "Windows_NT" setlocal

rem ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

rem Start script for the CATALINA Server

rem

rem $Id: startup.bat,v 1.6 2004/05/27 18:25:11 yoavs Exp $

rem ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

rem Guess CATALINA_HOME if not defined

set CURRENT_DIR=%cd%

if not "%CATALINA_HOME%" == "" goto gotHome

set CATALINA_HOME=%CURRENT_DIR%

if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%/bin/catalina.bat" goto okHome

cd ..

set CATALINA_HOME=%cd%

cd %CURRENT_DIR%

:gotHome

if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%/bin/catalina.bat" goto okHome

echo The CATALINA_HOME environment variable is not defined correctly

echo This environment variable is needed to run this program

goto end

:okHome

set EXECUTABLE=%CATALINA_HOME%/bin/catalina.bat

[csharp] view plain copy

第二段，内容如下，用EXECUTABLE脚本指向的脚本文件，执行启动命令，传入参数start，既进入启动脚本catalina.bat的执行。

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rem Check that target executable exists

if exist "%EXECUTABLE%" goto okExec

echo Cannot find %EXECUTABLE%

echo This file is needed to run this program

goto end

:okExec

rem Get remaining unshifted command line arguments and save them in the

set CMD_LINE_ARGS=

:setArgs

if ""%1""=="""" goto doneSetArgs

set CMD_LINE_ARGS=%CMD_LINE_ARGS% %1

shift

goto setArgs

:doneSetArgs

call "%EXECUTABLE%" start %CMD_LINE_ARGS%

:end

catalina.bat内容如下：

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@echo off

if "%OS%" == "Windows_NT" setlocal

rem ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

rem Start/Stop Script for the CATALINA Server

rem

rem Environment Variable Prequisites

rem

rem   CATALINA_HOME   May point at your Catalina "build" directory.

rem

rem   CATALINA_BASE   (Optional) Base directory for resolving dynamic portions

rem                   of a Catalina installation.  If not present, resolves to

rem                   the same directory that CATALINA_HOME points to.

rem

rem   CATALINA_OPTS   (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "start",

rem                   "stop", or "run" command is executed.

rem

rem   CATALINA_TMPDIR (Optional) Directory path location of temporary directory

rem                   the JVM should use (java.io.tmpdir).  Defaults to

rem                   %CATALINA_BASE%/temp.

rem

rem   JAVA_HOME       Must point at your Java Development Kit installation.

rem

rem   JAVA_OPTS       (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "start",

rem                   "stop", or "run" command is executed.

rem

rem   JSSE_HOME       (Optional) May point at your Java Secure Sockets Extension

rem                   (JSSE) installation, whose JAR files will be added to the

rem                   system class path used to start Tomcat.

rem

rem   JPDA_TRANSPORT  (Optional) JPDA transport used when the "jpda start"

rem                   command is executed. The default is "dt_shmem".

rem

rem   JPDA_ADDRESS    (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "jpda start"

rem                   command is executed. The default is "jdbconn".

rem

rem $Id: catalina.bat,v 1.9.2.2 2004/09/23 20:17:14 yoavs Exp $

rem ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

rem Guess CATALINA_HOME if not defined

set CURRENT_DIR=%cd%

if not "%CATALINA_HOME%" == "" goto gotHome

set CATALINA_HOME=%CURRENT_DIR%

if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%/bin/catalina.bat" goto okHome

cd ..

set CATALINA_HOME=%cd%

cd %CURRENT_DIR%

:gotHome

if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%/bin/catalina.bat" goto okHome

echo The CATALINA_HOME environment variable is not defined correctly

echo This environment variable is needed to run this program

goto end

:okHome

rem Get standard environment variables

if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%/bin/setenv.bat" call "%CATALINA_HOME%/bin/setenv.bat"

rem Get standard Java environment variables

if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%/bin/setclasspath.bat" goto okSetclasspath

echo Cannot find %CATALINA_HOME%/bin/setclasspath.bat

echo This file is needed to run this program

goto end

:okSetclasspath

set BASEDIR=%CATALINA_HOME%

call "%CATALINA_HOME%/bin/setclasspath.bat"

rem Add on extra jar files to CLASSPATH

if "%JSSE_HOME%" == "" goto noJsse

set CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%;%JSSE_HOME%/lib/jcert.jar;%JSSE_HOME%/lib/jnet.jar;%JSSE_HOME%/lib/jsse.jar

:noJsse

set CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%;%CATALINA_HOME%/bin/bootstrap.jar

if not "%CATALINA_BASE%" == "" goto gotBase

set CATALINA_BASE=%CATALINA_HOME%

:gotBase

if not "%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" == "" goto gotTmpdir

set CATALINA_TMPDIR=%CATALINA_BASE%/temp

:gotTmpdir

rem ----- Execute The Requested Command ---------------------------------------

echo Using CATALINA_BASE:   %CATALINA_BASE%

echo Using CATALINA_HOME:   %CATALINA_HOME%

echo Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: %CATALINA_TMPDIR%

echo Using JAVA_HOME:       %JAVA_HOME%

set _EXECJAVA=%_RUNJAVA%

set MAINCLASS=org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap

set ACTION=start

set SECURITY_POLICY_FILE=

set DEBUG_OPTS=

set JPDA=

if not ""%1"" == ""jpda"" goto noJpda

set JPDA=jpda

if not "%JPDA_TRANSPORT%" == "" goto gotJpdaTransport

set JPDA_TRANSPORT=dt_shmem

:gotJpdaTransport

if not "%JPDA_ADDRESS%" == "" goto gotJpdaAddress

set JPDA_ADDRESS=jdbconn

:gotJpdaAddress

shift

:noJpda

if ""%1"" == ""debug"" goto doDebug

if ""%1"" == ""run"" goto doRun

if ""%1"" == ""start"" goto doStart

if ""%1"" == ""stop"" goto doStop

if ""%1"" == ""version"" goto doVersion

echo Usage:  catalina ( commands ... )

echo commands:

echo   debug             Start Catalina in a debugger

echo   debug -security   Debug Catalina with a security manager

echo   jpda start        Start Catalina under JPDA debugger

echo   run               Start Catalina in the current window

echo   run -security     Start in the current window with security manager

echo   start             Start Catalina in a separate window

echo   start -security   Start in a separate window with security manager

echo   stop              Stop Catalina

echo   version           What version of tomcat are you running?

goto end

:doDebug

shift

set _EXECJAVA=%_RUNJDB%

set DEBUG_OPTS=-sourcepath "%CATALINA_HOME%/../../jakarta-tomcat-catalina/catalina/src/share"

if not ""%1"" == ""-security"" goto execCmd

shift

echo Using Security Manager

set SECURITY_POLICY_FILE=%CATALINA_BASE%/conf/catalina.policy

goto execCmd

:doRun

shift

if not ""%1"" == ""-security"" goto execCmd

shift

echo Using Security Manager

set SECURITY_POLICY_FILE=%CATALINA_BASE%/conf/catalina.policy

goto execCmd

:doStart

shift

if not "%OS%" == "Windows_NT" goto noTitle

set _EXECJAVA=start "Tomcat" %_RUNJAVA%

goto gotTitle

:noTitle

set _EXECJAVA=start %_RUNJAVA%

:gotTitle

if not ""%1"" == ""-security"" goto execCmd

shift

echo Using Security Manager

set SECURITY_POLICY_FILE=%CATALINA_BASE%/conf/catalina.policy

goto execCmd

:doStop

shift

set ACTION=stop

goto execCmd

:doVersion

%_EXECJAVA% -classpath "%CATALINA_HOME%/server/lib/catalina.jar" org.apache.catalina.util.ServerInfo

goto end

:execCmd

rem Get remaining unshifted command line arguments and save them in the

set CMD_LINE_ARGS=

:setArgs

if ""%1""=="""" goto doneSetArgs

set CMD_LINE_ARGS=%CMD_LINE_ARGS% %1

shift

goto setArgs

:doneSetArgs

rem Execute Java with the applicable properties

if not "%JPDA%" == "" goto doJpda

if not "%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" == "" goto doSecurity

%_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%

goto end

:doSecurity

%_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Djava.security.manager -Djava.security.policy=="%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%

goto end

:doJpda

if not "%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" == "" goto doSecurityJpda

%_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% -Xdebug -Xrunjdwp:transport=%JPDA_TRANSPORT%,address=%JPDA_ADDRESS%,server=y,suspend=n %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%

goto end

:doSecurityJpda

%_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% -Xdebug -Xrunjdwp:transport=%JPDA_TRANSPORT%,address=%JPDA_ADDRESS%,server=y,suspend=n %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Djava.security.manager -Djava.security.policy=="%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%

goto end

:end

解释，1。再次验证catalina.bat；2。调用setclasspath.bat设置java虚拟机相关的环境变量，所以在运行tomcat的前，一定要先安装jdk，并设置好JAVA_HOME环境变量；3。设置启动程序，添加CLASSPATH，bootstrap.jar，和启动类org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap；4。最后执行虚拟机，运行tomcat。

运行tomcat的参数行为%_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%，在我的电脑上调试，将所有的变量内容转译出来，执行的命令即为：start "Tomcat" "C:/j2sdk1.4.2_15/bin/Java"    -Djava.endorsed.dirs="C:/Tomcat 5.0/common/endorsed" -classpath "C:/j2sdk1.4.2_15/lib/tools.jar;C:/Tomcat 5.0/bin/bootstrap.jar" -Dcatalina.base="C:/Tomcat 5.0" -Dcatalina.home="C:/Tomcat 5.0" -Djava.io.tmpdir="C:/Tomcat 5.0/temp" org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap start

在该命令中，start "Tomcat"是在控制态打开一个新的窗口，然后运行java虚拟机C:/j2sdk1.4.2_15/bin/java,现在大家应该明白了，tomcat是从bootstrap.jar中的org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap类的main函数开始启动运行，并且传入了start参数。-D开始的都是虚拟机的运行参数。

用winrar打开bootstrap.jar打开，在META-INF目录下打开MANIFEST.MF，你会看到如下内容： Manifest-Version: 1.0 Ant-Version: Apache Ant 1.6.1 Created-By: 1.4.2-b28 (Sun Microsystems Inc.) Main-Class: org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap Specification-Title: Catalina Specification-Version: 1.0 Class-Path: jmx.jar commons-daemon.jar commons-logging-api.jar 指定了该jar包从那个类开始运行，依赖那些jar包。

结论

通过对脚本的研究，我们应该知道，tomcat从那儿开始运行，只有有了运行的线索，那么我们就可以从头开始调试tomcat源代码。调试tomcat源代码的准备工作，从www.apache.org上下载相应版本，带源代码的安装程序，并安装。

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