代码github地址:zhihu

首先分析知乎登录页，一般模拟登录走的都是手机页，比较方便

分析登录过程

为了得到验证码我特意都输错了几次密码，知乎的登录不一定有验证码，所以我们在代码实现的过程中需要做判断是否需要验证码

引入依赖：

from urllib import request,parse

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

import http.cookiejar

import json

import random

import time

import configparser

构建全局请求头

因为要模拟手机，所以这里我们用的是手机的user-Agent

def build_opener():

cookie = http.cookiejar.CookieJar()

cookie_processor = request.HTTPCookieProcessor(cookie)

opener = request.build_opener(cookie_processor)

opener.addheaders = [("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 9_1 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/601.1.46 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/9.0 Mobile/13B143 Safari/601.1"),

("Referer", "https://www.zhihu.com/"),

("Origin", "https://www.zhihu.com/"),

("Host", "www.zhihu.com")]

request.install_opener(opener)

登录过程

def login(code=0):

login_data = configparser.ConfigParser()

login_data.read("user.ini") #将用户名密码放在user.ini配置文件

username = login_data.get("LoginInfo", "email")

password = login_data.get("LoginInfo", "password")

url = 'https://www.zhihu.com/signin'

login_url = 'https://www.zhihu.com/login/email'

captcha_url = 'https://www.zhihu.com/captcha.gif'

req = request.Request(url)

res = request.urlopen(req)

html = res.read().decode('utf-8')

soup = BeautifulSoup(html)

inputs = soup.find_all('input')

_xsrf = inputs[0]['value']

# 构造登录参数

params = {

'email': username,

'password': password,

'_xsrf': _xsrf

}

#如果code是1,说明需要验证码，读取验证码并写入到本地,然后手动输入验证码

if code == 1:

cap_parms = parse.urlencode({"r": time.time(), "type": "login"}).encode('utf-8')

captcha_req = request.Request(captcha_url,cap_parms,method="GET")

captcha_res = request.urlopen(captcha_req)

fo = open('captcha.jpg','wb+')

fo.write(captcha_res.read())

fo.close()

captcha = input("请输入验证码:\n")

params['captcha'] = captcha

params = parse.urlencode(params).encode('utf-8')

req = request.Request(login_url,params,method="POST")

res = request.urlopen(req)

result = res.read().decode('utf-8')

login_result = json.loads(result)

if login_result['r'] == 0:

print('登陆成功')

else:

if login_result['errcode'] == 1991829:

login(1)

else:

print(login_result['msg'])

login()

最后

if __name__ == '__main__':

build_opener()

login()

实例效果

zhihu.gif