winapi实现自定义消息处理类

上一篇介绍了如何实现主窗口界面的创建，接下来创建一个消息处理类，可以实现各种消息的可视化显示，使我们熟悉界面变化时出现的各种消息，为以后的开发打下基础。
这里创建了类WindowsMessageMap.h

#pragma once
#include<unordered_map>
#include<string>
#include<Windows.h>
class WindowsMessageMap
{public:WindowsMessageMap() noexcept;std::string operator()(DWORD msg, LPARAM lp, WPARAM wp) const noexcept;//重载（）
private:std::unordered_map<DWORD, std::string> map;//创建数据存储
};

WindowsMessageMap.cpp

#include "WindowsMessageMap.h"
#include <string>
#include <sstream>
#include <iomanip>// secret messages
#define WM_UAHDESTROYWINDOW 0x0090
#define WM_UAHDRAWMENU 0x0091
#define WM_UAHDRAWMENUITEM 0x0092
#define WM_UAHINITMENU 0x0093
#define WM_UAHMEASUREMENUITEM 0x0094
#define WM_UAHNCPAINTMENUPOPUP 0x0095#define REGISTER_MESSAGE(msg){msg,#msg}将msg与名称保持对应并存在map中
//这些定义可以在官方手册中查出
WindowsMessageMap::WindowsMessageMap() noexcept:map({REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_CREATE),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_DESTROY),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_MOVE),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_SIZE),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_ACTIVATE),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_SETFOCUS),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_KILLFOCUS),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_ENABLE),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_SETREDRAW),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_SETTEXT),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_GETTEXT),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_GETTEXTLENGTH),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_PAINT),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_CLOSE),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_QUERYENDSESSION),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_QUIT),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_QUERYOPEN),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_ERASEBKGND),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_SYSCOLORCHANGE),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_ENDSESSION),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_SHOWWINDOW),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_CTLCOLORMSGBOX),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_CTLCOLOREDIT),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_CTLCOLORLISTBOX),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_CTLCOLORBTN),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_CTLCOLORDLG),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_CTLCOLORSCROLLBAR),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_CTLCOLORSTATIC),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_WININICHANGE),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_SETTINGCHANGE),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_DEVMODECHANGE),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_ACTIVATEAPP),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_FONTCHANGE),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_TIMECHANGE),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_CANCELMODE),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_SETCURSOR),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_MOUSEACTIVATE),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_CHILDACTIVATE),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_QUEUESYNC),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_GETMINMAXINFO),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_ICONERASEBKGND),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_NEXTDLGCTL),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_SPOOLERSTATUS),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_DRAWITEM),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_MEASUREITEM),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_DELETEITEM),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_VKEYTOITEM),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_CHARTOITEM),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_SETFONT),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_GETFONT),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_QUERYDRAGICON),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_COMPAREITEM),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_COMPACTING),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_NCCREATE),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_NCDESTROY),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_NCCALCSIZE),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_NCHITTEST),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_NCPAINT),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_NCACTIVATE),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_GETDLGCODE),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_NCMOUSEMOVE),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_NCLBUTTONDOWN),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_NCLBUTTONUP),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_NCLBUTTONDBLCLK),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_NCRBUTTONDOWN),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_NCRBUTTONUP),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_NCRBUTTONDBLCLK),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_NCMBUTTONDOWN),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_NCMBUTTONUP),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_NCMBUTTONDBLCLK),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_KEYDOWN),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_KEYUP),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_CHAR),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_DEADCHAR),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_SYSKEYDOWN),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_SYSKEYUP),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_SYSCHAR),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_SYSDEADCHAR),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_KEYLAST),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_INITDIALOG),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_COMMAND),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_SYSCOMMAND),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_TIMER),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_HSCROLL),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_VSCROLL),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_INITMENU),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_INITMENUPOPUP),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_MENUSELECT),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_MENUCHAR),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_ENTERIDLE),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_MOUSEWHEEL),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_MOUSEMOVE),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_LBUTTONDOWN),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_LBUTTONUP),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_LBUTTONDBLCLK),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_RBUTTONDOWN),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_RBUTTONUP),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_RBUTTONDBLCLK),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_MBUTTONDOWN),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_MBUTTONUP),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_MBUTTONDBLCLK),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_PARENTNOTIFY),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_MDICREATE),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_MDIDESTROY),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_MDIACTIVATE),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_MDIRESTORE),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_MDINEXT),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_MDIMAXIMIZE),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_MDITILE),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_MDICASCADE),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_MDIICONARRANGE),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_MDIGETACTIVE),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_MDISETMENU),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_CUT),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_COPYDATA),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_COPY),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_PASTE),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_CLEAR),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_UNDO),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_RENDERFORMAT),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_RENDERALLFORMATS),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_DESTROYCLIPBOARD),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_DRAWCLIPBOARD),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_PAINTCLIPBOARD),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_VSCROLLCLIPBOARD),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_SIZECLIPBOARD),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_ASKCBFORMATNAME),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_CHANGECBCHAIN),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_HSCROLLCLIPBOARD),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_QUERYNEWPALETTE),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_PALETTEISCHANGING),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_PALETTECHANGED),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_DROPFILES),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_POWER),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_WINDOWPOSCHANGED),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_WINDOWPOSCHANGING),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_HELP),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_NOTIFY),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_CONTEXTMENU),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_TCARD),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_MDIREFRESHMENU),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_MOVING),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_STYLECHANGED),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_STYLECHANGING),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_SIZING),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_SETHOTKEY),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_PRINT),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_PRINTCLIENT),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_POWERBROADCAST),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_HOTKEY),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_GETICON),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_EXITMENULOOP),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_ENTERMENULOOP),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_DISPLAYCHANGE),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_STYLECHANGED),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_STYLECHANGING),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_GETICON),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_SETICON),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_SIZING),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_MOVING),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_CAPTURECHANGED),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_DEVICECHANGE),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_PRINT),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_PRINTCLIENT),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_IME_SETCONTEXT),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_IME_NOTIFY),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_NCMOUSELEAVE),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_EXITSIZEMOVE),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_UAHDESTROYWINDOW),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_DWMNCRENDERINGCHANGED),REGISTER_MESSAGE(WM_ENTERSIZEMOVE),})
{}std::string WindowsMessageMap::operator()(DWORD msg, LPARAM lp, WPARAM wp) const noexcept
{constexpr int firstColWidth = 25;const auto i = map.find(msg);//查找msg是否在map中std::ostringstream oss;if (i != map.end())//存在则输出对应的名称{oss << std::left << std::setw(firstColWidth) << i->second << std::right;}else{//否则表示该信息未收录在自定的map中std::ostringstream padss;padss << "Unknown message: 0x" << std::hex << msg;oss << std::left << std::setw(firstColWidth) << padss.str() << std::right;}//输出lp和wp代表的信息oss << "   LP: 0x" << std::hex << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(8) << lp;oss << "   WP: 0x" << std::hex << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(8) << wp << std::endl;return oss.str();
}

上面的类主要是实现消息的翻译，将接受的消息转化为我们更加熟悉的字符串。具体介绍已经注释标出，下面我们创建一个自定义的消息处理程序记作wndproc

LRESULT CALLBACK wndproc(HWND hwnd,UINT msg,WPARAM wparam,LPARAM lparam)
{static WindowsMessageMap mm;//调用msg翻译类OutputDebugString( mm(msg, lparam, wparam).c_str());//将传入的信息进行翻译，可以看到wparam和lparam数据switch (msg){case WM_CLOSE:PostQuitMessage(69);break;case WM_KEYDOWN://键盘按键是否按下if (wparam == 'F');//是否是F键{SetWindowText(hwnd,"keydown");//将窗口标题设置为keydown}break;case WM_KEYUP://按键松开的消息if (wparam == 'F');{SetWindowText(hwnd, "keyup");}break;case WM_CHAR://数据传入{static std::string title;title.push_back((char)wparam);SetWindowText(hwnd, title.c_str());break;}case WM_LBUTTONDOWN://鼠标左键按下{const POINTS pt = MAKEPOINTS(lparam);//32位其中高16位和低16位组合成坐标位置，每个msg代表信息不同，因此输出之后更加清晰std::ostringstream otsting;otsting << "(" << pt.x << "," << pt.y << ")";SetWindowText(hwnd, otsting.str().c_str());//标题设置为目前鼠标的坐标break;}}return DefWindowProc(hwnd, msg, wparam, lparam);
}

主程序如下，主要是将自定义消息处理函数绑定，替换默认处理函数

int CALLBACK WinMain( HINSTANCE hinstance,HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,LPSTR lpCmdLine,int nCmdShow)
{const auto pclassname = "hw3dbutts";WNDCLASSEX wc = { 0 };wc.cbSize = sizeof(wc);wc.style = CS_OWNDC;wc.lpfnWndProc = wndproc;//将自定义消息处理函数绑定，替换默认处理函数wc.cbClsExtra = 0;wc.cbWndExtra = 0;wc.hInstance = hinstance;wc.hIcon = nullptr;wc.hCursor = nullptr;wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)COLOR_APPWORKSPACE;wc.lpszMenuName = nullptr;wc.lpszClassName = pclassname;wc.hIconSm = nullptr;RegisterClassEx(&wc);HWND hd;hd = CreateWindowExA(0,pclassname,"windows test",WS_CAPTION|WS_MINIMIZEBOX|WS_SYSMENU,200,200,640,480,nullptr,nullptr,hinstance,nullptr);ShowWindow(hd, SW_SHOW);MSG msg;while (GetMessage(&msg, nullptr, 0, 0) > 0){TranslateMessage(&msg);DispatchMessage(&msg);}return 0;
}

运行结果如下

由图可知此实鼠标左键点击触发msg信号WM_LBUTTONDOWN，msg传入的lparam和wparam经过我们的翻译类可以在左下角看到，其中lp为0x00890137，wp为0x00000001
对于鼠标主要是看lp参数，由进制转换可以得到

刚好得到鼠标此时的坐标

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